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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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b. synapses
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Neurons communicate with other cells at junctions called ______.
a. neurotransmitters b. synapses c. autonomic nervous system |
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e. muscles, glands, and other neurons
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Neurons form synapses with _______, ________, and ________ ________.
a. muscles b. glands c. neurons d. glands, and other neurons e. muscles, glands, and other neurons |
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a. somatic nervous system
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Skeletal muscle is activated by neurons of the ______ ______ ________.
a. somatic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system |
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b. autonomic nervous system
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Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands receive signals from neurons of the _______ ________ _______.
a. somatic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system |
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b. neuromuscular junction
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A synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber is called a ________ ________.
a. neuroglandular junction b. neuromuscular junction |
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b. contract
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When an action potential arrives at a neuromuscular junction, it initiates a series of events which excite the underlying muscle fiber, causing it to ______.
a. secrete b. contract c. relax |
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b. two neuron chain
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Signals in the autonomic nervous system travel over a ____ _____ _____ to their effector organ. The second neuron, or autonomic motor neuron, contacts the organ.
a. one neuron chain b. two neuron chain c. three neuron chain |
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a. increase
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Signals from some autonomic motor neurons cause the heart rate to _________.
a. increase b. decrease c. stay constant |
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a. slow or stop
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Signals from some neurons ________ or ________ cause the heart rate to contract.
a. slow or stop b. increase or speed up c. stay constant |
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a. contract, slow or stop
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Signals from some autonomic motor neurons cause smooth muscle to ________. Signals from other neurons cause smooth muscle contractions to ______ or _______.
a. contract, slow or stop b. relax, slow or stop |
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b. excite or inhibit it
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potentials to smooth muscle may _____ or ________ ____.
a. activate or deactivate it b. excite or inhibit it |
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b. secrete
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Signals from the central nervous system can cause glands to _______.
a. stop secreting b. secrete |
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a. effector organs
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In addition to sending signals to _______ _______, neurons send signals to each other.
a. effector organs b. various tissues |
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c. neurons
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Neurons can excite or inhibit other _________.
a. glands b. muscles c. neurons |
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a. action potential
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The neuron that synapses on the dendrites of this cell excites it and causes it to generate an ________ ___________.
a. action potential b. synaptic potential |
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a. action potential
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The neuron synapsing on the soma inhibits the cell and prevents it from generating an _______ _________.
a. action potential b. synaptic potential |
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b. dendrites, soma, or axon
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In the brain, a variety of synapses have evolved to serve complex transmission needs between neurons. Synapses located between axon terminals of one neuron and ______, ______, or ______ of another are most common.
a. dendrites, dendrites, or axon b. dendrites, soma, or axon |
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1. axodendritic
2. axosomatic 3. axoaxonic |
What are the three types of synapses?
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electrical
chemical |
There are two major types of synapses, ________ and ________.
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b. electrical synapse
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Electrical synapses depolarize and generate action potentials simultaneously. When one neuron forms a gap junction with another neuron, an _________ _________ is made.
a. chemical synapse b. electrical synapse |
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b. gap junction
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Electrical current, in the form of ions, flows directly from one neuron to the other through the ______ _______.
a. tight junction b. gap junction |
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b. excitatory
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Electrical synapses are always __________.
a. inhibitory b. excitatory |
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1. fast signal transmission btwn neurons
2. signal transmission to a group of electrically coupled neurons can synchronize their activity |
Electrical synapses have two advantages. List these advantages.
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a. synaptic cleft
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At a chemical synapse, neuronal membranes are separated by a gap called the ______ _______.
a. synaptic cleft b. presynaptic neuron c. postsynaptic neuron |
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c. neurotransmitter
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Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. A chemical, called a ____________, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron.
a. synapse b. ion c. neurotransmitter |
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a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory
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Chemical synapses transmit signals more slowly than __________ ________ but the signal may be either ________ or __________, and the signal can be modified as it passes from one neuron to the next.
a. electrical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory b. chemical synapses, excitatory, inhibitory |
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a. synapse, learning and memory
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Chemical synapses are the most common type of ________, and they are associated with the most complex human behaviors, including __________ and ____________.
a. synapse, learning and memory b. junction, learning and memory |
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1. axon terminal of 1 neuron
2. cell membrane of another nueron. |
What are the two parts of a chemical synapse?
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a. presynaptic neuron
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The neuron conducting an action potential toward the synapse is called the ________ _______ .
a. presynaptic neuron b. postsynaptic neuron |
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b. synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitter
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The axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron contains membranous sacs called _________ ________ which are filled with ______________.
a. axon terminal, synaptic vesicles b. synaptic vesicles, neurotransmitter |
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a. synaptic cleft
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The gap separating the cells is called the ________ _______.
a. synaptic cleft b. presynaptic neuron c. postsynaptic neuron |
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b. neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft
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An action potential that reaches the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles, to fuse with it, releasing ____________ into the _________ _________.
a. acetyl choline, postsynaptic neuron b. neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft |
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a. ion channels
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The neuron receiving the signal is called the postsynaptic neuron. When activated, receptors on the postsynaptic neuron open ____ _________.
a. ion channels b. voltage-gated receptors c. passive channels |
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a. synaptic potential, Synaptic potential
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The movement of ions across the neuronal membrane creates an electrical signal called a ________ __________. ___________ _________ vary in amplitude and travel only a short distance. Thus they are very different from action potentials.
a. synaptic potential, Synaptic potential b. action potential, action potential |
