7 - Mood Disorders And Suicide

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mood disorders

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group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression

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major depressive episode

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most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and the inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks

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mania

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period of abnormally excessive elation of euphoria, associated with some mood disorders

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hypomanic disorder

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less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders

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dysphoric manic or mixed episode

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major depressive disorder, single or recurrent episode

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mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (seperated by at least two months without depression - reccurent) major depressive episodes

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dysthymic disorder

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mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months

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double depression

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severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder

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pathological or impacted grief reaction

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extreme reaction to the death of a loved one that involves psychotic features, sucidial ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy, or that persists more than 2 months

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bipolar II disorder

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the alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic (not full manic) episodes

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bipolar I disorder

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the alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

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cyclothymic disorders

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chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes

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catalepsy

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motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in whic body postures are waxy and can be "sculpted" to remain fixed for long periods of time

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hallucinations

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psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen or heard or otherwise sensed although they are not real or actually present

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delusions

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psychotic symptoms involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality

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seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

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mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter

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neurohormones

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hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology

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learned helplessness theory of depression

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Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether in reality they do or not)

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depressive cognitive triad

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thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures; the reasons for its effectiveness are unknown

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cognitive therapy

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treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes - and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles

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interpersonal psychotherapy

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newer brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors such as role disputes in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job; it has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression

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maintenance treatment

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combination of continued psychosocial treatment and/or medication designed to prevent relapse following therapy

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suicidal attempts

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efforts made to kill oneself

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suicidal ideation

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serious thoughts about committing suicide

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psychological autopsy

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postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death