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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thank you
Many thanks to another contributor - 'Kattyne' for the production of these slides. |
I have made some adjustments and amendments since downloading |
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CIM
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Computer intergrated manufacture
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Computer integrated manufacture
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Brings together all aspects of a company's operations, so teams can share information and easily communicate with eachother
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Tasks performed in CIM include
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Design of the product using CAD, planning the most cost-effective workflow, controlling the operations of machines and equipment needed to manufacture the product, performing business functions such as ordering stock and materials and invoicing customers
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Disadvantage of CIM
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Its dependence upon computer data to fully integrate all operations, can be software incompatibilities between equipment, the cost of managing data, data if corrupted will cause machinery to malfunction
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PDM
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Product data management
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Product Data Management
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Information used to manage the data for a product as it passes from design to manufacture, it highlights when changes are made to one database s that effects on other parts can be determined
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Example of a use of PDM
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A PDM system notifies an analyst that the design is ready to perform a stress analysis on it, when the task is complete the stress analyst performs an electronic sign-off
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Advantages of PDM
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Reduced time to market as data is instantly available, improved productivity as changes to data are tracked and managed automatically, improved control due to efficient management systems
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ERP
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Enterprise resource planning
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Enterprise resource planning
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Attempts to combine all the software and data from various departments into one system that all can use
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Example of enterprise resource planning
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Takes a customer order and provides a software road map for automating the different steps along the path to fulfilling it
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Advantages of ERP
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Employees in the different departments can all see the same information and can update it instantly, information sent directly to the next departments, orders can be easily tracked, reduces chance of errors
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Disadvantages of ERP
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Extremely expensive to install due to hardware investment and staff training, the success depends on the skill and experience of the workforce and the quality of ongoing training
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Lean Manufacturing
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Manufacturing where there is no fat, so there is no warehouses full of materials waiting to be used as materials arrive when they are needed, to ensure minimum waste
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JIT
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Just in time
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Just in time manufacturing ensures
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the right materials arrive at the right time in the exact amount, which reduces waste and overstocking and therefore storage costs
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Disadvantages of JIT
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If a manufacturer is inaccurate in their predictions such as a rise in demand, stocks will be used up rapidly, and there is little opportunity to re-order, also if the raw materials supplier has a problem the production will have to shut down completely.
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The 5 key stages of lean manufacturing
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Value, value stream, flow, pull, perfection
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Value
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What the end user is prepared to pay
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Value Stream
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Indentifies how value-adding and non-value-adding activities affect efficiency through production
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Value-adding
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Activities such as machining, processing, painting and assembling
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Non-value-adding
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Activities such as scrapping, sorting, storing, counting and moving
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Flow
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Design processes that result in uninterrupted flow
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Pull
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Responding to a demand
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Perfection
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Adopt an approach that continually improves working processes
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Kanban
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Uses cards or containers as simple visual signals to indicate when to pull materials, components or products through the production system (Pull tool)
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Advantages of Kanban
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reduces the amount of work-in-progress and finished goods in stock, restricts the supply of materials and components until they are needed
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Kaizen
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Continuous improvement where small changes are made to the production process resulting in small improvements being made to the final product
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Flexible Manufacturing Cells
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Grouping similar products into families that can be processed on the same equipment in the same sequence
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Manufacturing Cell
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A group of workstations, machines or equipment arranged such as a product can be processed progressively from on workstation to another
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Functional cells
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These cells perform a specific function as opposed to manufacturing a complete product and consist of similar equipment
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Group technology cell
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These cells perform a series of operations for several different product lines, these products often involve very similar manufacturing operations though not usually identical, perfect for large product range with a low volume
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Product focused cells
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These cells are product focuses and typically manufacture one type of product through a series of operations, perfect for small product range and high volume
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Advantages of Flexible Manufacturing Cells
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Flexible, relatively fast as one cell can shut down whilst another simultaneously opens and takes its place, reduces cost due to reduction in stoppages, enables a large variety of products with variations to be created
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A manufacturing cell typically involves
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3-12 workers and 5-15 workstations
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Advantages of CAM
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Fully automated production, safer working environments, flexible as machinery can be reprogrammed, responds quickly, improved productivity, reduced manufacturing times, increased reliability and consistency
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Disadvantages of CAM
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Extremely high set up costs, expensive machinery, negative effects on employment, worker morale would decrease
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CAQ
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Computer aided quality
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CMM
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coordinate-measuring machine
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Coordinate-measuring machine
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A mechanical system designed to move a measuring probe to determine the coordinates of point on the surface of a workpiece to accurately measure the sizes and positions of features on mechanical parts
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Automated materials-handling system
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a device that takes materials from one palace to another such as a conveyor belt or truck
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ASRS
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Automated storage and retrieval system
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ASRS
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Automated robotic system for sorting, storing and retrieving items
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Advantages of ASRS
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More efficient, reduces labour costs, and employees skills developed
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Automated guided vehicles
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device that is used to move parts between machines or work-centres, guided by radio frequency wires buried in the floor or use optical sensors in a laser-guided navigation system
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AGV
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automated guided vehicles
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Towing vehicles
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First type of AGV introduced and are still very popular
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Unit load vehicles
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Type of AGV: Equipped with decks that permit unit load transportation and often automatic load transfer, can either be lift and lower type, powered and non-powered rollers, chain or belt decks or custom decks with multiple compartments
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Pallet trucks
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Type of AGV:Designed to transport palletised loads to and form floor level, eliminating the need for fixed load stands
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Fork trucks |
Type of AGV: Ability to service loads both at floor level and on stands, in some cases these vehicles can also stack loads in a racking system
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Light load
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Type of AGV: used to transport small parts or baskets, or other light loads through a light manufacturing environment and are designed to operate in areas with limited space
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Assembly line vehicles
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Type of AGV: an adaptation of the light load, for applications involving serial assembly processes such as manufacturing cells
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Impact of CAM on employment
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reduction of workforce, does not eliminate the need for skilled professionals, increase the levels of skill, multi-skilled workforce, highly computer literate workforce
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