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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe the pharynx |
vertical tube into the GI tract sits behind nasal cavity (nasopharynx) soft palate between oral and nasal pharynx behind oral cavity (oropharynx) epiglottis between oral and laryngo behind larynx into the airway (laryngopharynx) |
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define choane |
communications between nasopharynx and oropharynx oval holes above soft palate |
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describe the layers of the pharynx tissue |
mucosa- inner lining of pharynx (epithelium) submucosa- pharyngobasilar fascia attaches pharynx to base of skull muscularis externa- pharyngeal constrictor muscles (striated not smooth) adventitia- buccopharyngeal fascia, continuous with covering of buccinator and pharyngeal muscle (pharyngeal plexus of nerves and veins) retropharyngeal space- between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia (danger space) |
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where does the pharynx attach to the skull |
pharyngeal tubercle medial pterygoid plates |
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what are the muscles of the pharynx |
all overlapping, mid-line raphae superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior constrictor stylopharyngeus muscle (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) salpingopharyngeus muscle palatopharyngeus muscle lift pharynx |
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describe the superior constrictor muscle |
pharyngeal tubercle at back medial pterygoid plate at front pterygoid hamulus (little prong off medial pterygoid) pterygomandibular raphae with buccinator muscle posterior mandible |
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describe the middle constrictor muscle |
hyoid bone stylohyoid ligament |
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describe the inferior constrictor muscle |
thyroid (oblique line) cricoid (cricopharyngeus) |
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describe the auditory tube |
comes in between the skull and the superior constrictor muscle |
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describe the thyrohyoid membrane |
between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage closes tube |
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describe the salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus muscles |
salpingo- auditory tube above superior constrictor to pharynx palato- from soft palate to pharynx lift pharynx |
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describe the salpingopharyngeal fold |
salpingopharyngeus muscle raises tissue behind opening of auditory tube covers muscles down into pharynx |
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describe the palatopharyngeal arch |
palatopharyngeal muscle raises tissue behind palatoglossal arch |
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describe the innervation of the pharynx |
sensory- CN IX glossopharyngeal nerve motor- CN X vagus to constrictors CN IX to stylopharyngeus recurrent laryngeal (vagus) to cricopharyngeus |
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describe the vascularization of the pharynx |
branches of external carotid artery-- ascending pharyngeal, branches of facial, lingual and superior laryngeal arteries lymph drainage to deep cervical nodes |
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describe the nasal cavity |
pyramidal structure in center of skull superior: anterior cranial fossa and frontal sinus posterior (and sphenoid sinus) inferior: hard palate laterally: orbit, ethmoid sinuses (maxillary sinuses inferolateral) |
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describe the external surface of the nasal cavity |
nasal bone cartilage (nasal, lateral nasal, alar) |
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describe the inner structures of the nasal cavity |
midline nasal septum composed of septal cartilage and ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate) vomer- bone inferoposterior to ethmoid nasal crest- below vomer, maxilla and palatine bone |
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describe the conche of the nasal cavity |
superior (smallest, might not be present) middle (sup and middle part of ethmoid bone) inferior (separate bone) highly variable warms and moistens air into nose (increase SA of blood to air) hairs and mucus trap/filter particles |
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describe the spaces created by the conche of the nasal cavity |
sphenoethmoidal recess superior/middle/inferior meatus |
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describe the ethmoidal bulla |
bulge created by ethmoidal sinuses hiatus semilunaris below it opening to maxillary sinus inferoposterior |
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describe the sinus drainage flow |
sphenoidal-- sphenoethmoidal recess frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary (use cilia) all to middle meatus nasolacrimal duct-- inferior meatus |
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describe the olfactory nerve |
(CN I) special sense of smell bipolar cells (projection in both directions-- up through cribiform plate to synapse with mitral cells in bulb to brain and down to epithelium) |
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describe the sensory innervation of the nasal cavity |
V1 innervation anterior portion of nasal cavity nasocilliary V2 innervation nasopalatine (pterygopalatine ganglion) maxillary sinus hard palate posterior nasal cavity similar for lateral and septal wall |
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describe the blood supply to the nasal cavity |
anterior: internal carotid--> ophthalmic (posterior/anterior ethmoidal arteries), superior labial artery branches posterior: maxillary artery branches--> sphenopalatine artery similar for lateral and septal wall |
