6.4 Concentration-Dependent Solution Properties

Front 1

colligative properties

Back 1

properties of solutions that depend on the concentration of the solute particles, rather than the identity of the solute

Front 2

Raoult's Law

Back 2

when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, vapor pressure of the solvent decreases in proportion to the concentration of the solute.

Front 3

What happens to vapor pressure as you add solute?

Back 3

decreases

Front 4

What happens to boiling point as you add solute?

Back 4

increases

Front 5

What happens to freezing point as you add solute?

Back 5

decreases

Front 6

molality

Back 6

moles of solute per kg solvent

Front 7

osmosis

Back 7

the movement of small solvent molecules from one side of the membrane to another (high to low concentration). Solute cannot cross because they are too large.

Front 8

semi-permeable membrane

Back 8

allows solvent but not solute to diffuse from one side to the other

Front 9

what happens to osmotic pressure as solute amount increases?

Back 9

increases

Front 10

osmotic pressure

Back 10

used to stop flow across the membrane

pi=MRT

Front 11

osmolarity

Back 11

M solution x (mol particles/ 1 mol solution)

Note how the compound breaks up in the solution to define the mol particles. Distinguish between those particles that dissociate and those who don't.

Front 12

what does cell function require?

Back 12

maintenance of osmotic pressure inside and outside the cell

Front 13

crenation

Back 13

water leaves the cell, causing it to shrivel

Front 14

hemolysis

Back 14

too much water enters the cell, causing it to burst

Front 15

hypotonic

Back 15

lower than normal solution

Front 16

hypertonic

Back 16

higher than normal

Front 17

isotonic

Back 17

same, normal