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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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definition of lymphoma
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malignant proliferations of cells native to lymphoid tissues (lymphocytes and their precursors)
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2 main types of lymphomas
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hodgekins
non-hodgekins |
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definition of leukemia
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malignant proliferation of cells native to bone marrow, which often spill over into blood
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malignant proliferation of cells native to bone marrow, which often spill over into blood
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leukemia
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malignant proliferations of cells native to lymphoid tissues (lymphocytes and their precursors)
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lymphoma
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hodgekins lymphoma
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reed sternberg cell
single lymph node young adults fever small number of cells avg age is 30 possibly EBV staging more important in diagnosing |
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what can you find reed sternbergs cells in
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hodgekins lymphoma
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choice of therapy for hodgekins lymphoma is based on stage or grade
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stage
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non-hodgekins lymphoma
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multiple node involvement
all ages 85% in B lyphocytes 15% in T cell nodular better than diffuse small better than large stage less important |
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what are the percentages of the cells that cause non-hogekins lymphoma
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b cell 85%
t cell 15% |
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classifications of non-hodgekins lymphoma
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nodular (follicular) vs. diffuse
nodular better prognosis than diffuse small vs. large small better prognosis than large |
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stages of non-hogekins lymphoma (LESS important than for hodgekins)
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1: single lymph node
2: 2 or more nodes on same side of diaphragm 3: both sides of diaphragm 4: one or more extralymphatic organ or tissue |
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b/t hodge and non-hodge which more commonly has bone marrow involvement
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non-hodge
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ways to classify leukemias:
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onset: acute or chronic
cell type: myelogenous or lymphoid |
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4 types of leukemia
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ALL
AML CLL CML |
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acute leukemias
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rapid and usually fatal
survival in months mostly blasts (immature cells) white cell count: often increased but decreased in 30% bone marrow: more than 20% blasts |
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chronic leukemias
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long lasting, slow
survival in years mostly mature cells white cell count often increased blasts usually not increased |
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Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
(kids) infiltration of the gums!!! |
(ALL)
primitive lymphoid cell 40% of all leukemias children under 15 y.o. primary cause of childhood cancer deaths enlargement of nodes, liver, spleen best prognosis is kids 2-10 with pre-B cell type |
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Acute myelogenous leukemia
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(AML)
primitive myeloid cell granules like myeloperoxidase Auer rods (cytoplasmic inclusions) 60% of acute leukemias adults under 60 most common in age 15-39 chemo/bone marrow transplant |
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chronic lymphocytic leukemia
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(CLL)
a mature appearing, but immunologically incompetent LYMPHOCYTE monoclonal: same cell surface phenotype 2/3 of chronic leukemias adults over 60 male:female is 2:1 leukocytosis (5-10x more than normal) then cytopenias |
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chronic myelogenous leukemia
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(CML)
immature hematopoietic cell (a stem cell) 10-20x more stem cells philadelphia chromosome 1/3 of chronic leukemia young adults (10-20) and middle ages (50-60) blast crisis: decreased response to treatment due to increase in immature cells bone marrow transplant |
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clinical features of leukemia
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anemia
thrombocytopenia infections fever organ enlargement |
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multiple myeloma
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plasma cell disorder
only 1 ab is made by neoplastic cells and 60% it is IgG and 20-25% is IgA, remainder it is only the kappa or lambda light chains Bence Jones proteinuria: excreting low molc. wt light chains in urine punched out bone lesions bone resorption hypercalcemia |
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what makes the diagnosis of multiple myeloma
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monoclonal protein and skeletal lesions (punched out lesions)
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punched out bone lesions are characteristic of
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multiple myeloma
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what is an example of a plasma cell disorder
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multiple myeloma
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what is Bence Jones proteinuria associated with
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multiple myeloma...it is when the light chains are secrected in urine
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