#57 Hiv And Aids, Inhibitors Of Translation, Transcription, And Dna Replication

Front 1

What's the difference in MOA of NRTIs and NNRTIs?

Back 1

Both prevent RNA-->DNA via reverse transcriptase. NRTIs: nucleoside triphosphate analogs NNRTI: arent' nucleotides

Front 2

What are NRTIs (name drugs)?

Back 2

Didanosine, Lamivudine, Stavudine, Zidovudine

Hint 2

Remember, like boys names "DAN, LAM, STAV (like steve)" + ZIDO

Front 3

What are the NNRTIs (name drugs)?

Back 3

Nev-irapine, Efa-virenze, D-elavirdine

Hint 3

"Never Ever going to make DNA"

Front 4

What are the protease inhibitors (name drugs)?

Back 4

Indin-avir, Rito-navir, Nel-finavir

Hint 4

Indian names--Ritu and Neal

Front 5

What is HAART therapy?

Back 5

2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI OR 1 protease inhibitor OR 1 integrase inhibitor

Front 6

What is the HAART alternative for preggers?

Back 6

1NRTI + zidovudine + protease inhibitors

Front 7

Gangciclovir is used to treat....

Back 7

CMV retinitis

Front 8

What is Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxale (TMP-SMX) used for?

Back 8

trmnt and prophylaxis-->Pneumocysitis and prophylaxis-->toxoplasmosis

Front 9

What drugs inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase (only in bacteria)?

Back 9

suflamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfasoxazole, dapsone

Front 10

What drugs inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (eukaryotes and bacteria)?

Back 10

trimethoprim, pyrimethamine (and methotrexate)

Front 11

What vaccines do we administer to HIV + patients?

Back 11

polysaccharide pneumococcal (CD4>200), inactivated influenza (dead vaccine), MMR (CD4>500)
**only with exposure HBV and VZV (chicken pox)

Front 12

What drugs inhibit 50s subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome?

Back 12

CEC: chloramphenicol, erythromycin (macrolides), clindamycin

Front 13

What drugs inhibit 30s subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome?

Back 13

TA: tetracycline (-cycline), aminoglycoside (-mycin)

Front 14

What are the side effects of erythromycin? HINT: cardiac

Back 14

increased QT interval-->torsades de pointes, worse wtih p450 inhibitors

Front 15

What drugs are anti-folate?

Back 15

pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, sulfa antibiotics, dapsone

Front 16

What is the MOA and side effects of cytarabine?

Back 16

pyrimidine antagonist (terminates DNA prdxn), hepatotoxic, bone marrow suppresssion, "cytarabine syndrome" (fever, malaise, myalgia, bone pain, conjunctivitis, rash, chest pain)

Front 17

What are antibiotic cytotoxins used for cancer treatment?

Back 17

actinomycin D/dactinomycin, doxorubicin/adriamycin, bleomycin

Front 18

What antibiotic inhibits DNA replication?

Back 18

Fluoroquinolones-- -floxacin, inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase 2), dysrupt the uncoiling of DNA which allows it be read by DNA polymerase

Front 19

What is rifampin used for?

Back 19

Mycobacterial infections--> leprosy, TB, atypical. Prophylaxis-->H influenzae & Neisseria meningitidis

Front 20

What drugs inhibit transcription in eukaryotes?

Back 20

alpha-aminitin, actinomycin D, doxorubicin (ruby red urine)

Front 21

What is a unique side effect for doxorubicin?

Back 21

cardiac toxicity at high doses

Front 22

What is a unique side effect for bleomycin?

Back 22

chronic interstitial pneumonitis (high doses)

Front 23

What is a unique side effect for cyclophosphamide?

Back 23

hemorrhagic cystitis

Front 24

What is a unique side effect for methotrexate?

Back 24

GI toxicity, bone marrow suppresion

Front 25

What are the protease inhibitors?

Back 25

end in "navir" ex: indinavir "NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE

Front 26

What are the NNRTIs?

Back 26

Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delaviridine
"Never Ever Deliver nucleotides"

Front 27

What is the MOA and side effect for interferon?

Back 27

MOA: glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis

Side effect: neutropenia

Front 28

What are the antibiotics to avoid in preggers?

Back 28

Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides, Fluorquinolones, Erythromycin, Metroniadazole, Tetracyclines Ribavirin (anti-viral), Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol
SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care

Front 29

What drugs inhibit nucleotide synthesis?

Back 29

Methotrexate & 5-FU (decreases thymidine synthesis, DNA), 6-MP (decreases purine synthesis, RNA)

Front 30

What drugs cause myelosuppression?

Back 30

methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D, etoposide,

Front 31

What are the side effects of 5-FU?

Back 31

myelosuppression, photosensitivity

Front 32

What are the side effects of 6-MP?

Back 32

bone marrow, GI. liver, increased tox with allopurinol (bc metabolized by xanthine oxidase)

Front 33

What are the side effects of cytrabine?

Back 33

leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia

Front 34

What are the side effects of cyclophosphamide?

Back 34

myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis,

Front 35

What are the protease inhibitors?

Back 35

end in "navir" ex: indinavir "NAVIR (never) TEASE a proTEASE

Front 36

What are the NNRTIs?

Back 36

Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delaviridine
"Never Ever Deliver nucleotides"

Front 37

What is the MOA and side effect for interferon?

Back 37

MOA: glycoproteins from human leukocytes that block various stages of viral RNA and DNA synthesis

Side effect: neutropenia

Front 38

What are the antibiotics to avoid in preggers?

Back 38

Sulfonamides, Aminoglycosides, Fluorquinolones, Erythromycin, Metroniadazole, Tetracyclines Ribavirin (anti-viral), Griseofulvin, Chloramphenicol
SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care

Front 39

What drugs inhibit nucleotide synthesis?

Back 39

Methotrexate & 5-FU (decreases thymidine synthesis, DNA), 6-MP (decreases purine synthesis, RNA)

Front 40

What is the MOA of cytrabine (chemo drug)?

Back 40

inhibits DNA polymerase

Front 41

What are the side effects of cytrabine( chemo drug)?

Back 41

leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia

Front 42

What is the MOA of cyclophosphamide (chemo drug)?

Back 42

alkylating agents, xlink DNA guanine at N-7, require bioactivation of the liver

Front 43

What is the MOA and side effect of busulfan (chemo drug)?

Back 43

MOA- alkylates DNA, side effects--pulmonary fibrosis, hyperpigmentation

Front 44

What is the MOA and side effect of doxorubicin (chemo drug)?

Back 44

MOA- generates free radicals and non-covalently intercalates in DNA Side Effects--cardiotoxic, mylelosuppresion and alopecia

Front 45

What is the MOA and side effect of chemo drug actinomycin D (dactinomycin)?

Back 45

MOA-intercalates in DNA side effect myelosuppression
**used for childhood tumors "children ACT OUT"

Front 46

What is the MOA and side effect of chemo drug bleomycin?

Back 46

MOA- formation of free radical, causes BREAKS in DNA
Side effect-pulmonary fibrosis, skin changes, minimal myelosuppression

Front 47

What is the MOA and side effect of chemo drug hydroxyurea?

Back 47

MOA-inhibits ribonucleotide reductase--> decrease in DNA synthesis (S phase)
Side effect--bone marrow suppression , GI upset

Front 48

What is the MOA and side effect of chemo drug etoposide?

Back 48

MOA- G2 phase specific agent, inhibits topoisomerase 2 and increases DNA degradation Side Effect: myelosuppression, GI irritation, alopecia