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105 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

SAMPLE QUESTION FROM STUDY GUIDE:


Which of the following foods is unsafe for infant feeding?

All of these are unsafe:



  • Popcorn
  • Peanuts
  • Raisins

SAMPLE QUESTION FROM STUDY GUIDE:


Define medium-chain fatty acids.

a. Have less than 6 carbon atoms.


b. Have 12 or more carbon atoms.


c. Have 6 to 10 carbon atoms.


CORRECT: d. None of these describe medium-chain fatty acids. - they have an aliphatic tail of 6 - 12 carbon atoms

SAMPLE QUESTION FROM STUDY GUIDE:


Which of the following is true of pre-term infants?

Born before 37 weeks of gestation


(I Googled this answer since I no longer have the textbooks)

SAMPLE QUESTION FROM STUDY GUIDE:


Which of the following herbal teas are considered safe during lactation?

All of these are considered safe:



  • Peppermint
  • Raspberry
  • Rose hips
(I Googled this answer since I no longer have the textbooks)

SAMPLE QUESTION FROM STUDY GUIDE:


Use of which of the following herbs will reduce milk flow?

All of these reduce milk flow.:



  • Castor bean
  • Jasmine flower
  • Sage
  • Parsley

Which of the following nutrition factors would NOT be related to infertility in men?

Eating a diet containing animal products


THESE WOULD BE RELATED:



  • Following a weight-loss diet that resulted in a body weight 15% below normal
  • A high alcohol intake
  • An inadequate intake of antioxidants
  • An inadequate intake of zinc

What nutrients have been found to be most effected in women who use Oral Contraceptives?

ALL of the following:



  • Low levels of Vitamin B6
  • Low levels of Vitamin B12
  • High levels of Copper

A body mass index (BMI) greater than_____ is typically needed to sustain normal reproductive function in women.

20

The recommended daily intake of folate for ALL women who may become pregnant is?

400 mcg

Your best friend is pregnant and asks you to recommend foods that will increase her iron stores. Which of the following would be the best choice?



  • BEST CHOICE: A hamburger with tomato slices

OTHER CHOICES:
  • Whole grain bread
  • Canned spinach
  • Seasonal fruit
  • Frozen peas

_____ during the first 2 months of pregnancy is teratogenic and leads to a two- to three-fold risk of congenital abnormalities.

A high blood glucose level

The change in lipid blood levels that occurs during pregnancy can best be explained in this way: _____.

cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase dramatically from pre-pregnancy levels

The recommended daily protein (g) intake for pregnant women is _____.

71 grams

Research is emerging that suggests pregnant women should increase their food sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods would provide the most DHA to pregnant women?


  • BEST CHOICE: ½ tuna salad sandwich


OTHER CHOICES:


  • ¼ cup granola containing 1 tsp sunflower seed
  • 1 cup broccoli
  • 8-oz glass whole milk



It is recommended that OVERWEIGHT women gain approximately _____ during pregnancy.

15 - 25 pounds

The recommended weight gain range for


NORMAL-WEIGHT women is:

25 - 35 pounds

Women with which of the following characteristics are at increased risk of developing preeclampsia?

ALL of the following:



  • Obesity
  • Insulin resistance
  • First pregnancy
  • High triglyceride levels

It is recommended that women with gestational diabetes aim for a range of _____ % fat calories during pregnancy.

30 - 40

Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?

All of the following would be considered benefits of breastfeeding:



  • Minimizes postpartum blood loss
  • Helps uterus return to nonpregnant size
  • Delays return to fertility
  • MAY help lose weight more quickly

On the second feeding after birth, a first-time mom was concerned that her infant was not getting enough milk. What would the lactation consultant want the new mom to know?

  • The first milk is highly concentrated in nutrients and provides a high amount of protein.
  • The infant needs only ½ - 2 tsp at each feeding for the first two days.

What fat-soluble vitamin is given to all infants at birth?

Vitamin K

What is a possible reason that breastfeeding may prevent allergies?

All of the following:



  • Influence on gut microbial flora
  • Transfers maternal proteins and immunity
  • Transfer of maternal fatty acids and IGA in breast milk
  • Low content of allergens

A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediatedly after drinking a few glasses of wine. What would you tell her?

No; the alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2 to 3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman.

Hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness) may be prevented and/or treated by:

ALL of the following:



  • B-6
  • Ginger
  • Peppermint

A pregnant woman who is vegan need to take supplemental Vitamin D, Iron and ________ during pregnancy.

B12

Prenatal vitamins are routinely recommended at least _________ months prior to pregnancy to ensure adequate folate status.

3

The amniotic fluid and breast milk are influenced by internal and external environments such as diet, exposure to cigarette smoke and pleasant scents. If there is a particular flavor or aroma a parent wants their child to learn how many times during the 2nd and 3rd trimester should exposure occur?

12

When breastfeeding is not an option the alternatives available are:

ALL of the following:



  • Donor Milk
  • Standard Formula
  • Hydrolyzed Formula
  • Soy Formula

The following foods should be avoided during pregnancy EXCEPT:


  • Raw nuts and seeds
AVOID THE FOLLOWING:
  • Raw or undercooked food such as fish, eggs, meat
  • Unpasteurized juices and dairy products
  • Raw sprouts
  • Fish high in mercury

Dietary recommendations for a woman with PCOS that is trying to conceive should include


  • High fiber
  • Lean protein

A body mass index (BMI) in the 90th percentile would indicate that a 3 year old was:

overweight

One “rule of thumb” regarding portion sizes for toddlers is:

1 tablespoon of food per year of age.

Studies have shown that restricting a young child’s access to palatable ("junk") food may:

  • promote desirability of that particular food.
  • encourage them to overeat these foods and have negative feelings.

Approximately how many exposures to a new food might it take for a toddler to accept the flavor or taste?

8 - 10

Common, or likely, nutrition problems among young children include all of the following EXCEPT:

ALL of the following:



  • iron-deficiency anemia
  • dental caries
  • constipation
  • lead poisoning

A mother is interested how to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in her 2 year old son. What advice would you give her?

  • Counsel her about making sure his diet includes red meats, fortified cereals, and fruit juices with vitamin C
  • Advise her to not give more than 24 oz milk/day

Overweight and obesity are common in Down syndrome children because they have lower caloric needs due to:

ALL of the following:



  • low muscle mass
  • lower mobility
  • short stature

Signs that indicate feeding problems in toddlers include:

ALL of the following:



  • low interest in eating
  • long mealtimes (>30 minutes)
  • preferring liquids over solids
  • refusing foods

Healthy toddlers are likely to develop diarrhea from _____.

drinking too much fruit juice

Celiac sprue is a disease that usually develops by _____ years of age.

2

Dietary management of celiac disease requires the elimination of:

wheat, rye, oats, and barley

Breathing problems in children:

ALL of the following:



  • increase nutritional needs.
  • lower interest in eating.
  • slow growth rate.

Typical food allergies do NOT include _____.

rice




THEY DO INCLUDE:



  • eggs
  • soy
  • peanuts
  • wheat

The AVERAGE caloric need of infants in the first six months of life is _____ per kg of body weight, based on growth in breast-fed infants.

108 calories

The two essential fatty acids required in an infant’s diet are α-linolenic acid and _____ acid.

linoleic

If an infant is exclusively breastfed and not exposed to adequate amounts of sunlight, he/she would need a _____ supplement.

Vitamin D

Which of the following is a warning sign indicating growth problems?

ALL of the following:



  • Plateau in head circumference gain for more than one month
  • Lack of height gain
  • Plateau in weight gain for more than one month
  • Drop in weight without regain within a few weeks

Infants need a higher fat diet compared to older people; therefore, up to _________________ of calories from fat may be recommended.

55%

What is one of the signs associated with inadequate growth?

weight remaining stable over 3 months

What is the most appropriate nutritional intervention for a special needs infant who has gastroesophageal reflux and swallowing difficulty?

Mix baby rice cereal with standard formula or breastmilk

Solid food introduction should begin

When the child is showing signs of food readiness

Preschool children have a ________ appetite compared to infants

Decreased

If an infant gets constipated following food introduction, what food would you recommend?


  • Increasing “P” Foods such as pears, peas, peaches, prunes, plums
  • Increasing water intake

Honey can increase risk of infant botulism and should not be introduced prior to what age?

12 months

Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for parents to use in teaching young children about health eating behaviors?

Serve family meals and allow the child to self-serve portions

The best treatment for an adolescent pregnant woman with an eating disorder is to _____.

refer her to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues

The struggle for independence that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development may lead to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors, including:

ALL:



  • excessive dieting
  • meal skipping
  • use of unconventional nutritional supplements
  • the adoption of fad diets

Protein requirements for males are highest at _____ years.

15 - 18

The protein requirement is greatest for females when the height growth spurt occurs. What age range would this be?

11 - 14 years

The best reason for wanting young adolescents to consume foods that provide adequate calcium is _____.

young adolescents retain four times as much calcium than adults and build bone mass

A range of medical and psychosocial complications accompanies overweight among adolescents, including all of the following EXCEPT

type 1 diabetes




THEY INCLUDE:



  • hypertension
  • dyslipidemia
  • sleep apnea
  • insulin resistance

Carbohydrate loading for athletes is the process of:

eating low-carbohydrate foods for the first 3 days of the week, while continuing to exercise, and then consuming a high-carbohydrate diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally.

Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of iron; therefore, they should be avoided within _____ of taking the iron supplement.

1 hour

Potential effects of substance use on nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT

increased nutrient bioavailability


THEY DO INCLUDE:



  • reduced nutrient intake
  • appetite suppression
  • iron-deficiency anemia
  • increased nutrient destruction

Risk factors for hypertension among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT

being underweight




THEY INCLUDE:



  • a high dietary intake of sodium
  • an inactive lifestyle
  • smoking
  • hyperlipidemia

Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge eating:

does not involve compensatory behaviors

Key goals of nutritional care for someone in treatment for an eating disorder would include:

  • establishing a regular pattern of nutritionally balanced meals
  • gradually introducing forbidden foods into the diet
  • avoiding dieting behaviors and excessive exercise
  • thoroughly assessing dietary intake and adequacy

A pregnant teen that is deficient in iron early in pregnancy is at higher risk of:

  • having a low-birth weight baby
  • having a preterm delivery

Females experience a _____ increase in body fat during puberty.

120%

During peak weight gain, adolescent males gain an average of _____ lb/year.

20

Protein needs for children with special health care needs are variable, depending on the chronic health care condition. An example of a condition(s) that has a HIGHER protein needs is/are:


  • wound healing
  • cystic fibrosis

The most significant predictor of childhood obesity has been found to be:

maternal obesity

Children with chronic conditions may have more difficulty meeting the DRI for vitamins and minerals as a result of:

ALL:



  • feeding difficulties
  • prescribed medications and their side effects
  • dietary restrictions
  • refusing foods

Children with _____ would always be interpreted as overweight on standard growth charts because they have altered muscle size and/or short statures.

Down syndrome and spina bifida

Fat-soluble vitamin supplements are recommended for children with _____ due to poor intestinal absorption of these nutrients.

cystic fibrosis

Which of the following WOULD be allowed on a diet for PKU?

ALLOWED:



  • Low-protein corn bread



NOT ALLOWED:



  • Low-carbohydrate corn bread
  • Low-fat cornbread
  • Egg white omelets
  • Chicken and fish, but not beef

Nutritional concerns in ADHD include:

ALL:



  • medication side effects that decrease appetite
  • maintaining growth while still being medicated
  • mealtime behavior

What is the importance of taking pancreatic enzymes when a child has cystic fibrosis?

These are the enzymes that help digest foods and when they are missing, food is malabsorbed

_____ has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of seizures in children.

A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet

Which of the following food sources would be highest in heme iron?

Beef


NOT THE FOLLOWING:


  • spinach
  • molasses
  • dried prunes

The decline in estrogen production in women after menopause leads to all of the following EXCEPT

More acne




All of the following occur with less estrogen:


  • accelerated loss of bone mass
  • an increase in abdominal fat
  • greater risk of cardiovascular disease

To lose one pound per week, a person would need to eat _____ fewer Calories per day.

500

A simple calculation used to give you a “ballpark” Calorie level for weight maintenance is to multiply your body weight by the number _____

15

The average daily dietary fiber recommendations are _____ for males and females age 31-50, respectively.

38 and 25 grams

At perimenopause many women need to take _____ to prevent bone loss.

calcium & vitamin D

A high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease called Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes includes all the following recommendations EXCEPT

Avoiding eggs and ALL dairy foods


INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:


  • 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates
  • trans fat intake of less than 1% of calories
  • less than 7% of total calories from saturated fat
  • up to 20% of calories from monounsaturated fats.

Having a BMI _____ means a person is obese.

>30

Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of which of the following conditions?

ALL:



  • Sleep apnea
  • Gallbladder disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Osteoarthritis

Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include:

ALL:



  • elevated fasting blood glucose levels
  • abdominal obesity
  • high LDL levels
  • low levels of HDL cholesterol

Of all the physiologic changes that occur with aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status is due to shifts in the _____.

musculoskeletal system

According to national intake data, older adults are not eating enough:

ALL:



  • potassium
  • vitamins A, D, E, and K
  • magnesium
  • calcium

It is difficult to meet vitamin and mineral needs at Calorie levels below

1600

It is common for the elderly to have suboptimal vitamin D status or develop vitamin D deficiency due to all of the following EXCEPT:

ALL:
  • inadequate exposure to sunlight and increased use of sunscreen
  • decreased intake of vitamin D-containing foods
  • use of medications that may interfere with metabolism of Vitamin D

Which of the following statements is true about calcium supplementation and absorption?

ALL:



  • Low calcium levels have been linked to colon cancer, overweight, and hypertension
  • High intake of calcium interferes with zinc and iron absorption
  • High intake of calcium may result in elevated urinary excretion of calcium.

Having a deficiency of which vitamin has been implicated in increased blood levels of homocysteine in the elderly, therefore increasing heart disease?

Folate

Recommendations for the macronutrients for the elderly are:

45-65% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein.

The two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and _____.

cancer

How is nutritional status affected when an older adult has a stroke?

ALL:



  • The ability to swallow may be forgotten
  • The ability to chew may be altered
  • Teaching may need to be done on how to feed oneself

What would the blood pressure of an elderly woman diagnosed with hypertension be?

140 mmHg/90 mmHg

Which of the following nutrient intakes is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

↑ iron intake

The Adequate Intake (AI) of calcium for women 51 and older is:

1200 mg/day

Nutrition advice for people that are taking blood-thinning medication due to a stroke is to:

maintain a stable vitamin K intake

Which of the following behaviors exacerbates GERD?

  • Drinking alcohol in excess
  • Drinking regular or decaffeinated coffee
  • Smoking

A deficiency in vitamin B12 may lead to:

  • irreversible neurological damage
  • cognitive impairment

The FIRST remedy advised for an overweight patient with osteoarthritis is:

lose weight