5.3 The Internal Organization Of Cells

Front 1

What can the internal organization of cells be considered as ?

Back 1

They can be compared to a large factory that has different departments in which different functions are carried out.

Front 2

What do all cells have in common ?

Back 2

All cells have a plasma membrane and contain genetic material.

Front 3

What is the nucleus ?

Back 3

The nucleus is a memebrane bound space in which exists only in eukaryotes which include animals, fungi, plants, and protists.

Front 4

What domains are included in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and what is different about them ?

Back 4

Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea they do not have a nucleus in which their genetic information is housed in. Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists and they have a nucleus, membrane bound space in which their genetic material is housed in.

Front 5

How do lipids differ in mammals and other eukariotic cells and prokaryotes ?

Back 5

In mammals cholesterol is present in their cells which belongs to a group of sterols. Sterols are groups that have hydroxide and four carbon rings. In eukaryotes other tha n mammals sterols are present but synthesized differently. In prokaryotes there is a five ring structure believed to serve the same role of cholesterol in mammalian cells.

Front 6

What is a nucleoid and plasmids and pili ?

Back 6

Nucleoids are a discrete place in the prokaryotic cell where the dna is stored. In bacteria they contain plasmids which are circular molecules of dna and they get shared through pili which is hollow tube that extend from each to another.

Front 7

Besides the nucleus and the difference in the cell membrane, what other differences exist between prokaryotes and eukaryotes ?

Back 7

Prokaryotes are 1-2 um in size while eukaryotes are 10 times larger in diameter and have 1000 more volume and prokaryotes lack the extensive organization of a eukaryote.

Front 8

What significance does the size prokaryotic cells have with their nature ?

Back 8

Because prokaryotes absorb nutrients from the environment theit small size of 1-2 um makes sense because they cover more surface area.

Front 9

What are organelles ?

Back 9

An array of membranes within the eukaryotic cell that divide contents in smaller spaces with different functions.

Front 10

What is the endoplasmic reticulum involved in ?

Back 10

An organelle in a eukaryotic cell that synthesizes lipids and proteins.

Front 11

What is the golgi apparatus ?

Back 11

The golgi apparatus modifies and sorts the lipids and proteins synthesized from the er as they approach the final destination.

Front 12

What are lysosomes and their function ?

Back 12

Lysosomes can be thought as the recycling center where macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and complex.carbohydrates are broken down by enzymes.

Front 13

What is the mitochondria and how does it relate with the cytoskeleton ?

Back 13

The mitochondria are organelles in which they harness energy for the cell. They are connected to the cell membrane and the cytoskeleton in which provides support and a network (the roads) for substances to move around in a cell.

Front 14

What makes a plant cel different ?

Back 14

Plant cells have a cell wall external to the plasma membrane made up of polysaccharides. They have vacuoles which uptake water and provide the rigid structure. Also the chloroplasts take energy from the sun and convert it to sugars.

Front 15

What is the cytoplasm ?

Back 15

The cytoplasm in cells contains all the contents of the cell besides the nucelus.

Front 16

What is the cytosol ?

Back 16

The cytosol exists in plant cells and it is within the plasma membrane but outside the organelles a jelly like environment surrounding the organelles.