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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytoplasm |
Jelly-like material inside of the cell Most organelles float 3 components: Cytosol, Inclusions,Organelles |
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Plasma membrane |
Made of lipids & proteins Allow certain materials to enter and exit Like a fence |
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Nucleus |
Head quarter Control center Houses the genetic information Contains DNA which has the genes which carry the instructions for building proteins |
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Mitochondria |
Powerhouse Producing the energy the cell needs: ATP |
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Chromatin |
Long strand of DNA Hold info to make proteins |
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Nucleolus |
Inside of Nucleus Ribosome are assembled
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Golgi Apparatus |
Post office- packages, modifies and ships proteins |
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Rough Endoplasmic Retuculum |
Highway Synthesizes proteins Transport vesicles move protein making ribosomes within cell Covered with ribosomes |
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Lysosome |
Trashman, stomach Digest worn out and unwanted organelles and proteins Can digest bacteria and foreign substances
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Makes lipids and cholesterol & breaks down toxins Lots in liver and kidneys |
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Nucleic acid
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Building from building blocks Nucleotides: 1. A intravenous base - A= Adenine - G= Guanine - C= Cytosone - T= Thymine - U= Uracil
2. Penrose ( five-carbon) sugar
3 A phosphate group
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA = Ribonucleic acid |
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Ribosomes |
Made of proteins and ribosomal RNA Factories that make proteins |
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Diffussion |
Process in which particles move from areas of more concentrated to areas of less concentrated i.e down their concentration gradient. The greater the kinetic energy the faster the movement. Passive process, don't require ATP energy |
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Nuclear Envelope |
Double membrane barrier Allows some but not all substances to pass |
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Vesicles |
Move material around |
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Cyterskeleton |
Protein structures inside the cell Act as cells bones and muscles Machinery for intracellular transport 1. Microfilaments(smallest) Actin subunit 2. Intermediate filaments- Fibrous subunits 3. Microtubules (largest) "tubbies" - Tubulin subunits |
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Cytosol |
Semitransparent fluid Largely water but also nutrients and variety of other solutes Inclusion- chemical substances that are stored nutrients that float in Cytosol |
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Centriole |
Paired cylindrical bodies, each composed of nine triplets of microtubules Rod- shaped Directing information of mitotic spindle during cell division Organize the microtubules |
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DNA |
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID * within the cell nucleus * replicates itself exactly before a cell can divide * it provides institutions for building every protein in the body * long double chain * A = Adenine + T = Thymine C = Cytosine + G =Guanine * Backbone is made of sugar(deoxyribose) and phosphate * Double strand and helix formation
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RNA |
* Functions out side of the nucleus * Ribonucleic acid * Backbone made out of ribose * 3 different: - mRNA (messenger) carries the information for building protein from DNA to ribosomes - tRNA (transfer) ferries amino acids to ribosomes - rRNA (ribosomal) forms part of the ribosomes where it oversees translation of message and binding together of amino acids |
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Peroxisome |
= membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes to detoxify harmful or poisonous substances including alcohol and formaldehyde. * most important function is to disarm free radicals- converting them to hydrogen peroxide and then to water |
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Filaments |
Micro Intermediate * helps support the cell and movement |
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Microtubules |
Determine overall shape of the cell and distribution of cell |
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Mitosis |
Events of cell division= I = Interphase, DNA is copied, Centrioles replicate P =Prophase(early), chromosomes condense, Mitotic spindle forms P = Prophase (late), nuclear envelope fragments, nuclear envelope and nucleoli have broken down,temporarily disappeared, chromosomes attached randomly to spindle fibers by centromeres M = Metaphase ( meat in the middle) chromosomes lined up at metaphase plate, sister chromatic A = Anaphase, centromeres split, chromatids moving apart turning into chromosomes, daughter cell gets copy of every chromosomes T , C =Telephase and Cytokinesis, Prophase reversed, Cleavage furrow forming, Daughter nuclei Form- daughter cell
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Synthesis |
* combination of components or elements to form a connected whole * UNION, FUSOIN |
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Cell membrane junctions |
1. Tight junction 2. Desmosomes Junction 3. Gap Junction |
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Cell extensions |
1. Cillia - move material across I.e mucus 2. Flagella - propel the cell- sperm 3. Microvilli - increase surface area for absorption |
