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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In a reciprocating engine, ___ air is filtered to support reliable engine operation and a long service life |
Induction |
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___ systems are designed to limit the formation of ice and provide a way to remove any that develops |
Induction |
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The types of ice that form in the induction system of a reciprocating engine include ___ ___, ___ and ___ ice |
Fuel evaporation, throttle and impact ice |
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Supercharger and turbocharger systems increase the volume of air that is provided to a cylinder for ___ |
Combustion |
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___ altitude is the highest altitude at which a reciprocating engine can attain full power. A supercharger or turbocharger typically raises the ___ altitude of an engine |
Critical |
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The induction system consists of these four major components |
Air scoop Air filter Fuel metering device Intake manifold |
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What three types of air filter systems have been used on aircraft |
Flocked screen Paper Polyurethane foam |
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Reciprocating engine induction systems can be broadly classified as |
Naturally aspirated Supercharged |
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Some Modern horizontally-opposed engines that use float carburetors have the carburetor mounted directly to the bottom of the engine ___ ___, and then induction pipes pass Through the warm oil |
Oil sump |
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Two advantages of passing the fuel-air mixture through the engine oil sump are |
Cools the oil Warms the induction air |
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Air supplied for carburetor Heat __ __ filtered |
Is not |
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The carburetor heat control should always be in the ___ position when operating on Sandy or Dusty services |
Cold |
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Warm air is ___ dense than cool air. |
Less |
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Engines equipped with fuel injection systems are not susceptible to carburetor icing, but are equipped with an ___ air system to allow air flow in case of filter clogging or impact icing |
Alternate |
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Alternate air doors may be operated ___ or ___ |
Manually or automatically |
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Internally driven superchargers are located ___ of the fuel metering device |
Downstream |
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Manifold pressure of a turbocharged engine is measured on the ___ side of the throttle valve |
Engine |
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An aircraft engine who's rated horsepower has been increased by using a supercharger is called a ___ ___ engine |
Ground boosted |
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An aircraft whose engines are equipped with a 2-speed supercharger will use the ___blower position for takeoff |
Low |
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An aircraft engine that can develop its rated sea level horsepower to a given altitude is called an ___ engine |
Altitude |
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Superchargers which are powered by the energy of the exhaust gases are called ___ |
Turbochargers |
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The turbocharger is located ___ of the fuel metering device |
Upstream |
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The three sections of a Turbocharger are |
Compressor housing Bearing housing Turbine housing |
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"The turbocharger shaft is supported in ball bearings" this statement is |
False |
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Two important functions of the oil that flows through the center housing of a Turbocharger are |
Lubricate the bearings Remove Heat |
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The valve that is used to control the amount of exhaust gases routed to the turbocharger is known as a ___ ___ |
Waste gate |
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When the wastegate is fully closed ___ of the exhaust gases must pass through the turbocharger |
All |
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Turbocharger bearings are cooled buy a continuous flow of engine ___ |
Oil |
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Another name for turbocharger discharge pressure is ___ ___ pressure |
Upper Deck |
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The wastegate actuator used with a Turbocharger system controlled with an absolute pressure controller is ___ by oil pressure acting on the piston |
Closed |
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The capillary tube restrictor is on the ___ oil line inside the wastegate actuator |
Inlet |
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A ratio controller of a Turbocharger system is installed in ___ with an absolute pressure controller |
Parallel |
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The variable automatic pressure controller (vapc) maintains a constant Upper Deck pressure for each position of the ___ valve |
Throttle |
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The two pressures sensed by the ratio controller are |
Ambient Manifold air pressure |
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The ratio controller controls the manifold pressure at ___ altitudes |
High |
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Should the pressurer-ratio controller fail, the ___ ___ ___, found in most systems, will prevent overboosting |
Pressure relief valve |
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Engines using turbochargers that are designed to operate from sea level up to their critical altitude are referred to as ___ ___ ___ engines |
Sea level boosted |
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The three basic components of a sea level boosted turbocharger system are |
Exhaust bypass valve Density controller Differential pressure controller |
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The density controller regulates bleed oil only at the ___ ___ position |
Full Throttle |
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The ___ ___ on a turbocharger used for pressurizing an aircraft limits the amount of air that can be supplied to the cabin |
Sonic Venturi |
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Rapid throttle movement can cause a temporary over Roost known as an ___ |
Overshoot |
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The differential pressure controller produces unstable condition known as ___ |
Bootstrapping |
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Bootstrapping ____ detrimental to engine life |
Is not |
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A reciprocating engine in which exhaust driven turbines are coupled to the engine crankshaft is known as a _______ system |
Turbo compound |
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The ___ ___ on a turbojet engine provides a large volume of smooth, high-energy air to the compressor. |
Air Inlet |
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At ___ speeds, air flowing through the ducts of a turbine engine behaves according to Bernoulli's principle |
Subsonic |
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Turboprop and turboshaft engine use different types of ___ to remove particles by changing the direction of airflow before the compressor stage. |
Separators |
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Inlet anti-ice systems direct bleed air to the ___ ___ of the inlet duct to prevent or remove the formation of ice |
Leading edge |
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In a ___ duct air velocity decreases and air pressure ___ |
Divergent Increases |
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The air entering the first stage of compression on a supersonic airplane must be at a speed below ___ |
Mach 1 |
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In flight, the forward motion of the aircraft produces an increase in the intake pressure known as the ___ ___ |
Ram effect |
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The inlet for a turbofan is similar in design to that for a turbojet except that it discharges only a portion of the air into the engine, the remainder must pass through the ____ |
Fan |
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Supersonic Inlet ducts must be designed to operate in 3 speed modes |
Subsonic Transsonic Supersonic |
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Supersonic aircraft will use a ___ ___ inlet duct |
Converging diverging |
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The inlet duct on a subsonic turbo jet powered aircraft is a form of ___ duct |
Diverging |
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Wind turbine engines are calibrated on a test stand, a ___ Inlet is typically installed |
Bellmouth |
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Helicopter operations may require the use of a ___ ___ on the inlet of the engine |
Particle separator |
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Muffler baffles disrupt the ___ energy of aircraft exhaust |
Noise |
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Because the muffler is used as a heat exchanger to heat small aircraft powered by reciprocating engines, ___ must be inspected for cracks to ensure that carbon monoxide does not enter the cabin |
Mufflers |
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Only approved repair facilities May perform ___ repairs to exhaust system components |
Welding |
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The two general types of exhaust systems used on reciprocating aircraft engines are |
Short stack Collector |
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___ allows for expansion and contraction of the exhaust system |
Bellows |
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The purpose of the ___ surrounding the muffler is to capture heat for other systems |
Shroud |
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Spring loaded ___ ___ allow for movement without leakage, and slight misalignment of exhaust components |
Ball joints |
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Exhaust ____ use the velocity of the exciting exhaust gases to produce a Venturi effect |
Augmentors |
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Exhaust system parts should never be marked with a ___ pencil |
Lead |
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A crack on an exhaust system component will often show as a ___ gray or ___ black streak on the outside of the park |
Flat Sooty |
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Exhaust system failure almost always creates what hazards? |
Fire and carbon monoxide |
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Carbon buildup in the wastegate unit of a turbocharged engine is often referred to as ___ deposits |
Coke |
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The turbocharger system places a ___ pressure on the exhaust components |
Higher |
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An exhaust nozzle on a turbine engine controls the ____ and ____ of exiting |
Density and velocity |
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Thrust reverser redirect ___ to slow an aircraft on Landing or to enable it to back up during Taxi |
Exhaust |
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A greater amount of thrust can be obtained from a turbojet engine if the exhaust gases are discharged from the aircraft at a velocity ___ than that at the turbine outlet |
Higher |
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Subsonic engines will use a ___ jet nozzle |
Converging |
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A ___ tailpipe is used on most subsonic aircraft |
Convergent |
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Supersonic aircraft utilize a ___ ___ type of tail pipe |
Converging diverging |
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Turboprop exhaust gases provide ___ additional thrust |
Very little |
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The three functions of thrust reversers are |
Aid in breaking Provide breaking (emergency) Back an aircraft out of a parking spot |
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A Thrust reverser system can provide about ___% of the total braking Force Under normal conditions |
20% |
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There are two types of thrust reversers; ___ blockage and ___ blockage |
Mechanical blockage Aerodynamic blockage |
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Hi bypass turbo Jets frequently use only ___ stream air for reverse thrust |
Cold |
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Unmixed exhaust turbofan engines may have both ___ stream and ___ stream reversers |
Hot stream and Cold Stream |
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Somehow I bypass engines may only have ___ stream reversing |
Cold |
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Older engine installations may have ___ ___ retrofitted in order to reduce noise to acceptable levels |
Hush kits |
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The noise generated by a turbofan is ___ then that generated by a turbo jet |
Less |
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Propellers convert rotational engine power to ___ in both reciprocating and with turboshaft engines |
Thrust |
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Propeller ___ is the theoretical distance that a propeller advances forward in a single Revolution |
Pitch |
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A ___ propeller is located on the front end of an engine and pulls and aircraft forward |
Tractor |
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A ___ propeller is located on the app and of an engine and pushes an aircraft forward |
Pusher |
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___ ___ propellers are designed with a particular performance characteristic. Based on desired aircraft operations and performance, a pilot can choose either a climb or Cruise propeller |
Fixed pitch |
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___ ___ propellers change blade angle to maintain an engine speed selected by the pilot and controlled by a governor |
Constant speed |
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____ propellers rotate the the blades straight into the wind. If the engine stops turning during flight, this position reduces drag and enables the aircraft to Glide farther |
Feathering |
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____ pitch propellers unable an aircraft to reduce its Landing roll, in addition reversible pitch propellers enable an aircraft to back up during Taxi |
Reversible |
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The basic function of a propeller on an airplane is to convert engine torque into ___ |
Thrust |
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Propeller blade angle is angle between the chord of the propeller blade and the ___ of ___ |
Plane of rotation |
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The flat surface of a propeller blade is called the ___ of the blade |
Face |
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Propeller blade stations are measured in inches from the ___ of the ___ |
Center of the hub |
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A ___ ___ is designed primarily to increase the flow of cooling air to the engine nacelle |
Blade cuff |
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The gradual twist in the propeller blade from shank to tip is known as ___ ___ |
Pitch distribution |
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I'm a given propeller blade, the blade angle nearest The Hub will be the ___ |
Highest |
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The six forces that act on a rotating propeller are |
Centrifugal force Thrust bending Force Torque bending Force Aerodynamic twisting moment Centrifugal twisting moment Vibration |
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Thrust bending Force tries to bend the tip of the propeller blade ___ |
Forward |
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Torque bending Force tries to bend the propeller blades in the ___ direction of their rotation |
Opposite |
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Aerodynamic twisting moment tries to move the propeller blades towards a ___ pitch angle |
High |
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Centrifugal twisting moment tries to move the propeller blade towards a ___ pitch angle |
Low |
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"Normally, aerodynamic twisting moment is greater than centrifugal twisting moment" this statement is ___ |
False |
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Because of vibration problems encountered with certain engine / propellor combinations, the critical range is indicated on the tachometer by a ___ |
Red arc |
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The ___ pitch is the distance, in inches, that a propeller would move forward in a medium that allowed no slip |
Geometric |
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The ___ pitch is the distance, in inches, that an aircraft actually moves forward in one revolution of the propeller |
Effective |
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The difference between geometric pitch and effective pitch is called ___ |
Slip |
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___ propellors are those mounted on the Upstream end of a drive shaft in front of the supporting structure |
Tractor |
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Automatic propellers are usually termed ___ ___ propellors |
Constant speed |
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Propeller blades are constructed from ____ ___, ____ ___ or ___ ___ |
Laminated wood, aluminum alloys or composite materials |
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Propeller designations often contain coded information about propellor ____ and ___ |
Characteristics and performance |
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An aircraft manufacturer May specify two models of a propeller for the same installation, a ___ and a ___ propeller |
Climb and cruise |