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92 Cards in this Set
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anatomy lecture 5-5 |
olfactory stuff
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what are the olfactory organs?
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patch of olfactory epithelium that contains receptors.
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what does the olfactory epithelium contain? |
receptors |
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what color are the olfactory epithelium look like and surrounded by?
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yellow brown masses surrounded by mucous membranes.
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where are olfactory organs located?
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roof of nasal cavity and part of nasal septum.
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what does the olfactory sense do?
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smell.
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are olfactory cells bi polar neurons?
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yes.
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what is a bi polar neuron?
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neuron that has 2 extensions. used in special senses.
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bigger the olfactory bulb the more important...
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smell is to that creature.
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do the bi polar neurons have several long olfactory cilia?
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yes.
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what does the mucous in the olfactory system do?
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dissolves airborne odor molecules.
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without mucus you can't
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smell.
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what type of receptors are olfactory receptors?
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chemoreceptors.
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what are olfactory receptors stimualted by?
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chemicals dissolved in mucus.
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once olfactory receptors are stimulated impulses travel along the axons of the
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receptor cells
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axons are grouped into ...
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fasicles.
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once olfactory cilia are stimulated they pass through
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openings in cribiform plates of teh ethmoid bone.
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once olfactory cilia are stimulated they synapse with neurons in the ...
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olfactory bulb.
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then from the olfactory bulb through the... to the ...
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olfactory tracts to olfactory cortex in the uncus.
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olfactory receptor cells are unique becaus
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they are the only neurons replaced regularly
only neurons in direct contact with exterior. |
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olfactory receptor cells are replaced about every
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2 months
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what are taste buds?
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special organ of taste
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where are taste buds?
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surface of tongue.
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what are taste buds associated with?
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papillae - tiny elevations.
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tasebuds are modified...
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epithelial cells called taste of gustatory cells.
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tastebuds are what type of receptors?
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chemoreceptors.
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before you can taste something..
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saliva must break down food.
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5 types of tastes.
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sweet
sour salty bitter umami |
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sweet tastes where?
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tip of tongue
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sour tastes where?
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lateral tongue
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salty tastes where?
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tip and along lateral edges
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bitter tastes where?
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back of tongue.
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umami tastes where?
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unknown.
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vagus nerve cranial #10
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where taste signal travels.
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what is auditory systeM?
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responds to sound waves.
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vibration is
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picked up by outer ear.
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after being picked up by outter ear it is ___ by middle
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amplified.
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once amplified the sound is received, transduced and transmitted by the
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inner ear.
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sound then moves from the inner ear to what part of the brain
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auditory cortex of the brain.
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what is the pinna?
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the top of the outter ear.
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what does the pinna or oracle do?
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gathers and funnels sound
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what is the external auditory meatus?
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Tube in ear that has hairs and modified sweat glands. ear wax.
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what does the typanic cavity int he middle ear do?
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just air filled space between outer and inner ear.
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what is the tympanic membrane or "ear drum"
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semitransparent membrane at end of ear canal with outer skin inner mucous.
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what are auditory ossicles?
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3 small bones that transmit vibrations from eardrumb to inner ear.
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what ist he mallcus?
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hammer of auditory ossicles attached to ear drum.
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what is the incus?
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anvil of auditory ossicles, transmits vibrations to the staples.
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what is the staples?
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stirrup attached to the oval window (the opening of inner ear.)
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do ossicles amplify sound?
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yes.
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what is the tensor tympani muscle?
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attached to malleus and wall of auditory tube to damp or reduce vibration.
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what ist he stapedius?
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muscle attached to staplesa nd posterior wall of tympanic cavity to damps vibration
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the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle together act to
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protect the inner ear.
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what is tympanic reflex?
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initiated by loud sound causing muscles to contract. protects inner ear!
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what is the eustachian tube?
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the auditory tube that connects middle ear with nasal pharynx.
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what does the eustachian tube do?
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allows air to pass between tympanic cavity for equalized pressure on both sides of ear drum.
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what is the inner ear labyrinth?
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complex systems of tubes and chambers
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what are the two sections of the labyrinth?
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osseous and membraneous
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what are the 3 sections of the osseus?
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cochlea
semicircular canals vestible. |
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what does the chochlea do?
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functions in hearing.
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what does the semicircular canals do?
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equilibrium.
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what does the vestible do?
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its an opening that serves the chochlea and semicircular canals.
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labyrinths are filled with...
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fluid.
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is the membranous labyrinth formed by a continious series of sacs and ducts?
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yes.
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does the membranous labyrinth lie within the osseous labrynith?
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yes.
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the osseus labyrinth is lined with what?
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endosteum
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what type of fluid is the membranous labyrinth filled with?
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endolymph.
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what is the cochlea?
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its the actual organ of hearing. kind of looks like a sea shell or something.
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how many compartments does the cochlea have?
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3
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what are the 3 compartments of the cochlea?
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scala vestibuli
scala tympani scala media/cochlear duct |
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what does the scala vestibuli do?
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top compartment of cochlea that opens at oval window to middle ear. terminates at apex of cochlea.
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what does the scala tympani do?
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lower compartment of cochlea that goes to window of vestibule.
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what does the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani comprise of (a type of labrynith)
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osseous labyrinth.
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what is the osseous labrinth filled with?
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perilymph fluid.
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what does the scala media or cochlear duct do?
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middle compartment of chochlea.
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is the scala media\cochlear duct part of the membraneous labrinth?
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yes.
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the scala media\cochlear duct is seperated from the scala vestibuli via the
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vestibular membrane
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the scala media\cochlear duct is seperated from the scala tympani via the
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basilar membrane.
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is the organ of corti or spiral organ on the basilar membrane?
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yes.
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what does the organ of corti or spiral organ contain?
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sound receptors
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are cochlear hair cells sound receptors?
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yes.
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how many rows do cochlear hairs have?
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4
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what is a stereocilia of the cochlea hairs?
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specialized microvilli
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what is the tectorial membrane?
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longest cochlea hairs.
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path of sound transmission 1.
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enter external ear.
vibration of tympanic membrane moves ossicles stapes move oval window |
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path of sound transmission 2.
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compress perilymph to scala vestibuli
wave in perilymph vib transmitted across vestibular membrane to endolymph in cochlear duct. |
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path of sound transmission 3.
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endolymph pushes down on basilar membrane
tectorial membrane contact causes hairs to bend producting receptor potential to brain. |
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do areas of the basilar membrane vibrate in response to different sound frequency?
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yes.
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high freq maps to the ___ of the basilar membrane.
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basilar end.
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low freq maps to the ___ of the basilar membrane.
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apex.
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what freq can humans hear?
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20hz to 20khz
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what is the most sensitive freq range that humans can hear?
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1.5khz to 4khz.
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sounds over 90db can cause damnage?
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yes. |
