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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stains for brain cells |
neurons- nissl stains rER (not present in axon) Astrocytes- GFAP Microglia- lectin |
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myelin increases conduction velocity by |
increasing the space (aka length) constant, which is how far a graded potential can travel before decaying. |
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oligodendroglia are injured in |
MS, PML, leukodystrophies |
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free n endings |
Adelta: fast, myelinated. does pricking pain C: slow, unmyelinated (ALL OTHER SENSORY FIBERS ARE MYELINATED). does hot/cold/dull pain |
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meissner and Pacinian |
large FAST adapting myelinated. meissner in glabrous (hairless, ie fingers, lips) skin (dermis). Senses dynamic fine touch and position. Pacinian does deep (subcutaneous) tissue and joints. vibration and pressure. |
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merkel and ruffini |
large SLOW adapting myelinated. merkel in basal epidermal layer and hair follicles. merKel does Korners. ruffini does sustained pressure |
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permability barrier of the peripheral nerve. What else is impt about this layer? |
perineurium is permability barrier w/ tight junctions (similar to BBB). Also must be rejoined in micro surgery for limb reattachment. |
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neurotransmitter synthd in nuc accumbens |
GABA |
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areas of hypothal for circadian rhythm |
suprachiasmatic "you need sleep to be charismatic" |
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circ rhytm controls nocturnal release of ? |
ACTH prl melatonin NE (suprachiasmatic nuc releases NE on pineal gland to stimulate mel release) |
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REM eye activity due to |
PPRF |
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things that decrease rem sleep |
etoh benzo (thus useful for night terrors and sleepwalking that occur during REM) barbit NE |
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eeg waveforms in sleep |
"at night BATS Drink Blood" awake =Beta (high freq, low amp) awake (eyes closed) =alpha n1 theta n2 sleep spindles and k complexes "two things in n2) (also bruxism "stage 2 hurts your TWOth") n3delta (low freq, high amp) sleepwalking, betwetting, night terrors "Delta is deep sleep" REM Beta: dec. motor tone, inc O2 use, variable vitals, erections |
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the only sense NOT relayed by thalamus |
olfaction |
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limbic system |
lIMbic controls IMpulses |
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output from cerebellum |
Purkinje cells to deep nuclei of cerebellum to cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle |
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AR hereditary forms of parkinson |
mutation of PINK1 and DJ1 (normally degrade misfolded proteins). Early onset PD |
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Huntington dz mechanism of neuronal death |
"Hunt for caged birds" chr. 4 CAG birds = decreased Ach and GABA neurons die bc of NMDA receptor binding and glutamate toxicity |
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key sx of PICA stroke |
lateral medulla structures "Don't pick a (PICA) horse (hoarseness) that can't eat (dysphagia)" |
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key sx of AICA stroke |
lateral pons structures "Facial droop means AICA's pooped" (facial n. palsy, would also have loss of efferent limb of corneal reflex) |
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fx of ACom and PCom aneurisms |
ACom : visual field defects (optic chiasm) PCom: CNIII palsy (down and out w/ ptosis and pupil dilation) |
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mnemonic for MS |
It's a "SIN" scanning speech intention tremor nystagmus |
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ALS cause and tmt |
-mixed UMN and LMN motor only -can be caused by defect in superoxide dismutase -riluzole modestly increases survival by decreasing glutamate release |
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spinal muscular atrophy |
aka Werdnig hoffman autosomal recessive similar sx to polio LMN lesion due to anterior horn destruction usually fatal in infancy |
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Parinaud synd. |
paralysis of conj. vertical gaze due to lesion in superior colliculi (ie the pinealoma compresses the sup. coll., which is just inferior to it). Also, large irregular pupils, ptosis, and impaired convergence |
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nucleus solitarius |
Solitarius does visceral Sensory information for VII, IX and X |
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nuc. ambiguus |
aMbiguus does Motor innervation of pharynx larynx and upper esophagus for IX, X, and XI |
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dorsal motor nuc of vagus |
autonomic parasympathetic fibers (motor) to heart, lungs and upper GI (to splenic flexure) for vagus nerve |
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gag reflex a and e |
a is IX e is X |
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loss of central vision |
macular degeneration dry: deposition of yellowish extracellular material (drusen) in and beneath retinal pigment epithelium w/ gradual decrease in vision. "Dry has drusen" wet: rapid vision loss due to neovascularization. Tmt w/ anti VEGF or laser destroy neovasc. |
