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700 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT GENERAL TASKS ARE INCLUDED IN THE STERILIZATION PROCESS? |
CLENING, DISINFECTING, WRAPPING, AND STERILIZING. |
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FOR WHAT PURPOSE IS LOW-LEVEL DISINFECTION USEFUL? |
DESTROYS FUNGI, SOME FORMS OF ACTIVE BACTERIA, AND A FEW VIRUSES, BUT DOES NOT AFFECT SPORES OR OTHER FORMS OF BACTERIA AND VIRUSES. |
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WHAT TPE OF DISINFECTION IS DONE BY PLACING SMALL ITEMS IN BOILING WATER FOR A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME? |
PASTEURIZATION-EFFECTIVE AGAINST FUNGI AND SOME FORMS OF BACTERIA. |
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WHAT IS THE METHOD OF CHOICE FOR CHEMICAL DISINFECTION? |
STERILIZATION |
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WHAT DOES THE EPA CLASSIFY CHEMICAL DISINFECTANT SOLUTIONS AS? |
SPORICIDES, GENERAL DISINFECTANTS, HOSPITAL DISINFECTANTS, SANITIZERS, AND OTHERS. |
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WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF FORMALDEHYDES? |
SOLUTION IS IRRITATING TO SKIN, EYES, AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES; GLOVES AND FACE PRO MUST BE WORN WHEN USING IT. FUMES ARE HIGHLY TOXIC, NOT SUITABLE FOR HOUSEHOLD USE. |
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WHAT SPECIAL PRECAUTION MUST YOU TAKE WHEN USUING ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION? |
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION IS IRRITATING TO THE SKIN AND EYES, WEAR PROTECTIVE GARMENTS SUCH AS: GOWN, GLOVES, AND PROTECTIVE GLASSES WHEN USUING THIS PROCESS TO PREVENT INJURY. |
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LIST THREE EXAMPLE OF SEMI-CRITICAL ITEMS. |
1. FIBER-OPTIC ENDOSCOPES 2. ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES 3. CYTOSCOPES |
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WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE THE CLEANING METHOD TO BE USED FOR EQUIPMENT? |
THE INTENDED USE AND POTENTIAL FOR INFECTION OF THE ITEM; METHOD DEPNDS ON LOCAL POLICY, TYPE OF OBJECT TO BE CLEANED, AMOUNT AND TYPE, AND AMOUNT OF ORGANIC MATERIAL ON THE OBJECT. |
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WHEN CLEANING EQUIPMENT, WHAT THINGS SHOULD YOU DO TO PREVENT SELF-CONTAMINATION? |
PPE WHEN NECESSARY, AVOID SPLASHING, FOLLOWING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS. |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE ULTRASONIC CLEANING. |
USUALLY DONE AFTER PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CLEANING AND REMOVES ANY REMAINING PARTICLES OF ORGANIC MATERIAL FROM THE OBJECT. |
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WHAT CHARACTERISTICS SHOULD WRAPPING MATERIAL FOR STERILE PACKS HAVE? |
WRAPPING MUST BE CONSTRUCTED TO ALLOW THE STERILIZING AGENT TO ENTER AND LEAVE, W/O ALLOWING MICROORGANISMS OR DUST PARTICLES TO ENTER. DURABLE ENOUGH TO WITHSTAND CONDITIONS IN STERILIZER AND IN STORAGE PROVIDE PHYSICAL PROTECTION. |
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WHY SHOULD YOU AVOID ADDING EXTRA SUPPLIES OR EQUIPMENT TO A STERILE PACK? |
EXTRA SUPPLIES MIGHT BE UNNECESSARY FOR THAT PARTICULAR PROCEDURE; ALSO SIZE AND DENSITY OF PACKAGES HAVE DIRECT RELATIONSHIP TO AMOUNT OF TIME REQUIRED FOR STERILIZATION. |
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WHICH WRAPPING METHOD IS USED FOR MOST PACKAGES? |
THE DIAGONAL METHOD. |
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WHY SHOULD YOU AVOID USUING PINS, CLIPS, OR STAPLES TO SECURE STERILE PACKAGES? |
THEY MAKE HOLES IN THE WRAPPER THROUGH WHICH MICROORGS CAN ENTER. THEY CAUSE A TENDENCY TO WRAP PACKAGE TOO TIGHT. |
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WHAT TYPE OF INSTRUMENT SHOULD YOU USE TO LABEL A STERILE PACKAGES? |
AN INDELIBLE-INK, FELT-TIPPED MARKER, OR A PRE-PRINTED INDICATOR TAPE. |
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WHAT INFORMATION SHOULD BE INCLUDED ON THE LABEL? |
STERILIZATION CONTROL # USUALLY CONSISTS OF STERILIZER #, LOAD #, AND JULIAN DATE OF STERILIZATION. MAYBE AN EXPIRATION DATE. |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE BAISC METHODS OF STERILIZATION? |
1. PHYSICAL STERILIZATION 2. CHEMICAL STERILIZATION 3. IONIZING RADIATION |
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WHICH TYPE OF STERILIZATION INCLUDES GRAVITY DISPLACEMENT STERILIZERS, PRE-VACUUM STERILIZERS, AND WASHER-STERILIZERS? |
PRESSURIZED STEAM STERILIZERS |
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WHEN DOES A STEAM STERILIZER BEGIN TIMING THE ACTUAL STERILIZATION CYCLE? |
WHEN ALL OF THE AIR IS REMOVED AND HEAT REACHES PRESET POINT. |
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WHAT ARE DISADVANTAGES OF STEAM STERILIZERS? |
1. HEAT AND MOISTURE DAMAGES OR DESTROYS SOME MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT. 2. STEAM DOES NOT EASILY PENETRATE SOME MATERIALS, SUCH AS OILS OR GREASES, AND POWDERS. 3. QUALITY OF STEAM IS DIFFICULT FOR OPERATOR TO MONITOR. |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEE THE GRAVITY DISPLACEMENT STERILIZER AND THE PRE-VACUUM STEAM STERILIZER? |
THE STEAM STERILIZER'S DESIGN PROVIDES A FASTER AND MORE RELIABLE METHOD OF STERILIZATION. |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF WASHER-STERILIZERS? |
DECONTAMINATION AND TERMINALLY STERILIZING USED PT CARE ITEMS. |
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A WASHER STERILIZER CYCLE SHOULD ONLY BE USED FOR WHAT TYPE OF STERILIZATION? |
TERMINAL STERILIZATION. |
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HOW SHOULD ITEMS BE LOADED IN A STEAM STERILIZER? |
ARRANGE PAKGS AND CONTAINERS ON THEIR SIDES (NOT IN THE UPRIGHT POSITION OR A MANNER THAT ALLOWS THEM TO HOLD WATER). INSTRUMENT SETS OR PANS MUST BE STERILIZED "FLAT" AND SHOULD HAVE PERFORATED OR MESH BOTTOMS SO THEY DON'T HOLD WATER. |
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WHEN MONITORING THE STERILIZATION CYCLE, WHAT ARE SOME PROBLEMS TO LOOK FOR? |
1. UNSATURATED (SUPERHEATED) STEAM. 2. WET (OVER-SATURATED) STEAM 3. INCOMPLETE AIR REMOVAL FROM THE CHAMBER 4. AUTOMATIC TIMER FAILURE AND OTHER MECHANICAL FAILURES. |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU ALWASY DO BEFORE OPENING A STERILIZER DOOR? |
CHECK THE CHAMBER PRESSURE BEFORE OPENING ANY STERILIZER DOOR. |
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HOW MANY TYPES OF PROCESSING TRAYS ARE THERE FOR THE PERACETIC ACID STERILIZER? |
TWO |
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WHAT ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES OF THE PERACETIC ACID? |
1. CANNOT BE USED FOR LONG-TERM STORAGE; DESIGNED FOR JUST-IN TIME STERILIZING. 2. AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN 3. CAN'T STERILIZE ITEMS THAT CAN'T BE SUBMERGED. 4. PERACETIC ACID MUST PENETRATED OR DIRECTLY CONTACT ALL SURFACES OF ITMES BEING STERILIZED. |
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HOW OFTEN SHOULD BIOLOGICAL TESTING BE CONDUCTED? |
WEEKLY |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR METHODS TO MONITOR AND CONTROL THE STERILIZATION PROCESS? |
1. MESSAGE SCREEN 2. STATUS INDICATOR LIGHTS 3. PAPER PRINTOUT 4. BEEPS |
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WHEN UNLOADING THE STERILIZER, YOU MUST FIRST CHECK TO MAKE SURE THE CHEMICAL STRIPS HAVE CHANGED TO WHAT COLOR? |
CHANGED FROM RED TO YELLOW. |
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FOR WHAT PURPOSE IS IONIZING RADIATION PRIMARILY USED? |
FOR BULK STERILIZATION OF ITEMS. |
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WHAT ARE THREE TYPES OF DISINFECTION? |
1. PASTEURIZATION 2. CHEMICAL GERMICIDES 3. ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION |
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ACCORDING TO MASLOW'S "HIERARCHY OF NEEDS" THEORY, IN WHAT CATEGORY WOULD THE ABILITY TO BREATHE WITHOUT PROBLEMS BE LOCATED? |
PRIMARY NEEDS |
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WHAT VITAMINS ARE NECESSARY FOR RBC PRODUCTION? |
B-12 AND FOLIC ACID |
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WHAT LIPS ARE FOUND IN BLOOD PLASMA? |
TRIGLYCERIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND CHOLESTEROL. |
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WHICH TYPE OF LIPOPROTEIN HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF HAVING RELATIVELY HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF CHOLESTEROL? |
LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS |
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WHAT IS THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF TIMES ROM EXERCISES SHOULD BE PERFORMED? |
AT LEAST TWICE/DAY OR MORE IF TOLERATED. |
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SHELTER IS A CONSIDERATION THAT FALLS INTO WHICH NEED CATEGORY? |
SAFETY AND CONSIDERATION. |
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WHAT IS THE THIRD LEVEL OF NEEDS ON MASLOW'S HIERARCHY? |
LOVE AND BELONGING. |
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WHICH NEED IS SATISFIED WHEN PEOPLE ARE ABLE TO ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN MEANINGFUL RELATIONSHIPS? |
LOVE AND BELONGING |
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WHAT NEED RELATES TO HOW OTHERS FEEL ABOUT YOU? |
SELF-ESTEEM. |
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DEFINE SELF-ACTUALIZATION. |
HIGHES LEVEL OF HIERARCHY, CANNOT BE REACHED UNTIL LOWER LEVELS OF HIERARCHY ARE MET. LEVEL IS SELDOM REACHED, SHORT-LIVED. |
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DURING WHAT STAGE OF LIFE DOES THE DEVELOPMENT OF STABLE SLEEP PATTERNS OCCUR? |
BURTH-7 YEARS (INFANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT). |
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DURING LATE CHILDHOOD, HOW MANY WORDS ARE CHILDREN CAPABLE OF UNDERSTANDING? |
UP TO 50,000 WHEN READING. |
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WHAT AGES ARE INCLUDED IN THE ADOLESCENT STAGE? |
12-20 YEARS |
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AT WHAT STAGE OF LIFE DOES PHYSICAL DETERIORATION START? |
AFTER AGE 30, YOUNG ADULT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 20-24 YEARS. |
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DURING WHAT STAGE OF LIFE DO PEOPLE OFTEN LOOK BACK AT THE GOALS THEY HAVE ACCOMPLISHED SO FAR? |
MIDDLE ADULT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, 40-65 YEARS. |
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ACCORDING TO FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE'S THEORY, WHAT ARE THE CONTROLLABLE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MEDICS SHOULD BE CONCERNED ABOUT? |
1. KEEPING THE PT WARM 2. MAINTAINING A NOISE FREE ENVIRONMENT 3. PROPER DIET |
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EXPLAIN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PROGRAM. |
THE MONITORING AND/OR ELIMINATING OF VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS. SPECIFICALLY, CONTAMINANTS THAT CAN HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON AIR, FOOD, OR WATER. |
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WHAT THREE HEALTH RISK FACTORS CANNOT BE CHANGED? |
1. HEREDITY 2. GENDER 3. AGE |
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WHAT TYPE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM IS DESIGNED TO ASSESS HEALTH STATUS AND PROVIDE SERVICES THAT ASSIST IN MAINTAINING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE? |
HEALTH AND WELLNESS |
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LIST THREE SOURCES OF PROTEIN. |
MEAT, FISH, AND POULTRY |
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WHICH VITAMINS CANNOT BE STORED BY THE BODY AND MUST BE INGESTED DAILY? |
VITAMINS B & C. |
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WHAT ARE COMMON REASONS FOR ORDERING A BLAND DIET? |
THE PT HAS ULCERS, SOME INTESTINAL DISORDERS, GALLBLADDER DISORDERS, OR WHO ARE POSTOPERATIVE ABDOMINAL SURGERY. |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO MAJOR COMPONENTS OF NUTRIENTS? |
VITAMINS AND MINERALS. |
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WHY SHOULD PATIENTS WITHOUT A CONFIRMED VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY AVOID TAKING LARGE DOSES OF IT? |
BECAUSE TAKING MEGA DOESES MAY MASK SYMPTOMS OF FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY OR CAUSE COMPLICATION IN PT'S W/CARDIAC OR GOUT CONDITIONS. |
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WHAT IS THE MAX DOSAGE OF FOLIC ACID INDIVIDUALS ARE ADVISED TO TAKE? |
NO LARGER THAN 0.4 MG (400 MICROGRAMS). |
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PATIENTS TREATED FOR WHAT SPECIFIC DISEASE ARE ADVISED NOT TO TAKE B6 SUPPLEMENTS? |
PARKINSON'S DISEASE, (MEDICATION = L-DOPA). |
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY? |
MUSCLE WEAKNESS AND CRAMPING, LETHARGY, SORE AND BLEEDING GUMS, OR DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN BONE AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE. |
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WHAT IS THE BODY DEPRIVED OF WITHOUT VITAMIN C? |
THE ESSENTIAL IRON NEEDED THROUGH OUT THE BODY. |
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WHAT IS VITAMIN K NECESSARY FOR? |
BLOOD CLOTTING. |
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MINERALS ARE USUALLY EXTRACTED FROM WHAT SOURCE? |
FROM THE SOIL BY PLANTS? |
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HOW DO SODIUM AND CHLORIDE MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS OF THE BODY? |
THROUGH THE CONCENTRATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS. |
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WHERE IS THE CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM FOUND? |
THROUGH THE CONCENTRATION OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS. |
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WHERE IS THE CONCENTRATION OF POTASSIUM FOUND? |
INSIDE OF THE CELLS. |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY CONCERN WHEN ADMINISTERING POTASSIUM INTRAVENOUSLY, AND HOW CAN IT BE PREVENTED? |
PHLEBITIS (PAIN AT THE IV SITE). PREVENT THIS BY RUNNING FLUID AT SLOW RATE TO PREVENT PHLEBITIS. |
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WHAT TRIGGERS THE BODY'S NEED FOR MORE CALCIUM INTAKE, AND WHAT ELEMENTS ARE NEEDED TO AID IN ITS ABSORPTION TO FULFILL THE NEED? |
CALCIUM ABSORPTION IS BASED ON BODY'S NEED FOR THE MINERAL; NEEDS HELP OF VITAMIN D AND PROTEINS TO PROMOTE CALCIUM ABSORPTION. |
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WHAT ARE SOME OF THE SIDE EFFECTS OF IRON SUPPLEMENTS? |
BLACK STOOLS, CONSTIPATION, DIARRHEA, NAUSEA, AND VOMITTING. |
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WHAT IS A CATALYST? |
A PARTICULAR MOLECULE THAT CAN CHANGE THE RATE OF A REACTION WITHOUT ITSELF BEING CONSUMED. |
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WHAT ARE THE SUBSTANCES THAT RELEASE IONS IN THE WATER CALLED? |
ELECTROLYTES |
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WHAT IS ALKALOSIS? |
BLOOD pH IN THE RANGE OF 7.5-7.8, CAN MAKE ONE FEEL AGITATED AND DIZZY. |
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF WATER? |
PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLSE IN THE TRANSPORTATION OF CHEMICALS W/IN THE BODY. MOST OF THE METABOLIC REACTIONS OCCUR IN WATER. |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON LIPID? |
FATS. USED TO SUPPLY ENRGY FOR CELLULAR ACTIVITIES. |
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WHAT ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS? |
AMINO ACIDS |
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WHAT IS OUR NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE? |
98.6 F. |
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WHAT CONTROLS THE FUNCTIONS TO REGULATE THE BODY TEMPERATURE? |
THE BODY'S ATTEMPT TO BALANCE THE AMOUNT OF HEAT PRODUCED THROUGH CELLULAR METABOLISM AND AMOUNT OF HEAT LOST THAT IS LARGELY REGULATED THROUGH THE SKIN. |
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WHAT IS THE BODY'S ATTEMPT TO FIGHT AN INFECTION BY SELF-INDUCING A HYPERTHERMIC RESPONSE? |
A FEVER. |
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WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE INVOLVES TAKING IN LESS OXYGEN THAN THE BODY NEEDS? |
ANAEROBIC (RUNNING UP STAIRS, RUNNING SPRINTS, WEIGHTLIFTING, SPORTS). |
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STATE THE PURPOSES OF ROM EXERCISES. |
RANGE OF MOTION. MAINTAIN OR INCREASE MUSCLE STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE; MAINTAIN CARDIORESPIRATORY STATUS IN A PT WHO IS IMMOBILIZED. |
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WHICH CELLS IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENE TO FIGHT DISEASES? |
WBC = WHITE BLOOD CELLS. |
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EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GRANULOCYTES AND AGRANULOCYTES. |
GRANULOCYTES ARE MADE UP OF (3) TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES: NEUTROPHILS, AOSINOPHIL AND BASOPHILS. AGRANULOCYTES ARE MADE UP OF MONOCYTES AND HYMPHOCYTES. |
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WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO PHAGOCYTE? |
TO ENGULF... LEUKOCYTES PHAGOCYTIZE BACTERIAL CELLS IN THE BODY. |
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WHICH LUEKOCYTES ARE THE MOST ACTIVE PHAGOCYTES? |
NEUTROPHILS AND MONOCYTES. |
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WHICH LYMPHOCYTE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING THE BIOCHEMICAL CYTOKINE, AND WHAT IS THE CYTOKINE USED FOR? |
T-LYMPHOCYTES (T-CELLS). CYTOKINE = A PROTEIN NECESSARY FOR PROPER CELL REPRODUCTION AND DIVISION AND IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO IMMUNE RESPONSES. |
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WHAT ARE THE SEVEN REGIONS OF MAJOR LYMPH NODE LOCATIONS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE FUNCTIONS? |
CERVICAL, AXILLARY, INGUINAL, PELVIC CAVITY, ABDOMINAL CAVITY, THORACIC CAVITY, SUPRATROCHLEAR (PERIPHERAL). |
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WHICH ORGAN IS CONSIDERED THE PRIMARY CENTRAL GLAND OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM? |
THYMUS |
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HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION IS ALSO KNOWN AS WHAT TYPE OF REACTION? |
AN ALLERGIC REACTION (YOUR BODY IS OVERREACTING TO SOMETHING). |
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EXPLAIN AUTOIMMUNITY. |
WHEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BACKFIRES, MAKING AUTOANTIBODIES THAT ATTACK THE BODY'S OWN CELLS. RHEUMATIC FEVER, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND GRAVE'S DISEASE. |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE TRYPES OF WOULD CLOSURE TREATMENTS, AND GIVE A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH? |
PRIMARY INTENTION (SUTURE OR STAPLE), SECONDARY INTENTION (CHANCE OF INFECTION IS HIGHER, LEFT OPEN TO CLOSE FROM INSIDE OUT), TERTIARY INTENTION CLOSURE (ABDOMINAL WOUND LEFT OPEN TO DRAIN AND THEN LATER SUTURED OR STAPLED). |
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WHAT ARE THREE IMPORTANT THINGS YOU SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHEN CONVERSING WITH A PATIENT IN REGARD TO PERSONAL CONCERNS? |
1. BE A GOOD LISTENER 2. DON'T OFFER ADVICE OR SOLUTIONS ON MATTERS THAT ONLY THE PROVIDERS SHOULD ADDRESS. 3. REFER PT'S CONCERNS TO THE NURSE OR PROVIDER IN A TIMELY MANNER. |
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WHAT ARE SOME OF THE FEELINGS PATIENTS MAY SHARE IN RESPONSE TO ILLNESS OR INJURY? |
SHOCK AND DISORIENTATION, FEAR AND ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, GUILT, PTSD. |
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER? |
RECURRENT AND INTRUSIVE RECOLLECTIONS OF THE INJURY, DREAMS OF THE EVENT, FEELING OF BEING WOUNDED AGAIN, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS WHEN THE MEMORY OF THE ACCIDENT/INCIDENT IS TRIGGERED. |
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AT WHAT BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL IS A PERSON USUALLY CONSIDERED TO BE INTOXICATED? |
BLOOD ALCOHOL LEVEL IS GREATER THAN 100mg/dL. |
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INTOXICATION DRAMATICALLY AFFECTS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. WHAT SINGS MAKE THIS EVIDENT? |
SLURRED SPEECH, LACK OF COORDINATION, IMPAIRED SENSORY CAPABILITY (ESPECIALLY VISION), BEHAVIORAL CHANGES. |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAIN CATEGORIES OF DRUGS OFTEN ABUSED? |
NARCOTICS, SEDATIVES, CNS STIMULANTS, AND HALLUCINOGENS. |
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EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF LOCAL POISON CONTROL CENTERS. |
THEY'RE RELIED ON BY HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL TO PROVIDE UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION AND TREATMENT GUIDELINES FOR ALL TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE SITUATIONS. |
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WHAT TERM IS USED TO DEFINE A FLUD VOLUME DEFICIT? |
HYPOVOLEMIA = FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT |
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WHAT ARE THE EIGHT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF FUILD VOLUME DEFICIT? |
POOR SKIN TUGOR, CONCENTRATED URINE, HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY, OLIGURIA, DRY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, WEAK AND RAPID PULSE, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION. |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUND DESEAS PROCESSES MENTIONED IN THE TEXT THAT CAN CAUSE A FLUID VOLUME EXCESS? |
CHF, RENAL FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, CUSHING'S SYNDROME. |
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WHAT IS AN ELECTROLYTE? |
A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE (ION) CAPABLE OF CARRYING AN ELECTRICAL CHARGE WHEN IT IS IN THE WATER. |
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WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH A SODIUM DEFICIT? |
HYPONATREMIA-CONFUSION, WEAKNESS, RETLESSNESS, HYPERTHERMIA, TACHYCARDIA, MUSCLE TWITCHING, ABDOMINAL CRAMPING, (SEVERE CASES = CONVULSIONS AND COMA). |
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH A SODIUM EXCESS? |
HYPERNATREMIA-THIRST, DRY STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, OLIGURIA, HYPERTHERMIA, DRY TONGUE, AND LETHARGY (LEFT UNTREATED = COMA). |
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WHAT ELECTROLYTE DEFICIT AND EXCESS CAN CAUSE DYSRHYTHMIAS LEADING TO CARDIAC OR RESPIRATORY ARREST? |
HYPOKALEMIA - POTASSIUM DEFICIT. |
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WHICH ELECTROLYTE IN EXCESS AMOUNTS CAN CAUSE FRACTURES? |
HYPERCALCIMIA = CALCIUM EXCESS. |
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WHAT DOES THE SYMBOL pH REFER TO? |
PERCENTAGE OF HYDROGEN IONS (ATOMS) IN A SOLUTION |
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WHAT IS THE NORMAL PLASMA pH? |
7.34-7.45 (A SLIGHTLY ALKALINE STATE). |
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IF A SOLUTION HAS A HIGH "pH" IS IT REFERRED TO AS "ACIDIC" OR "ALKALINE." |
ALKALINE |
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WHAT TYPE OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCE OCCURS INT HE METABOLISM OF FOOD OR FLUIDS AND IS USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN DEFICIENCY? |
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS |
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EXCESSIVE GASRIC SUCTIONING THAT REMOVES TOO MUCH HYDROCHLORIC ACID CAN RESULT IN WHAT TYPE OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCE? |
METABOLIC ALKALOSIS |
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AN INCREASE IN CARBONIC ACID IN THE BODY FLUIDS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFICULTY BREATHING CAN RESULT IN WHAT TYPE OF ACID-BASE BALANCE? |
RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS |
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WHAT TYPE OF ACID-BASE IMBALANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PTIENT HYPERVENTILATING? |
RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS |
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WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE THE TYPE OF INTRAVENOUS SOLUTION USED? |
THE PT'S CONDITION, FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, AND PURPOSE FOR THE IV. |
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WHAT IS TONICITY? |
REFERS TOT HE RELATIVE CONCENTRATION OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES IN A SOLUTION AS COMPARED TO THE SOLUTION CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE RED BLOOD CELLS (RBC'S). |
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WHAT TYPE OF PATIENTS SHOULD RECEIVE PARENTERAL HYPERALIMENTATION? |
PT'S WHO HAVE SOME SORT OF SEVERE GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER THAT PRECLUDES THEIR OBTAINING NOURISHMENT BY OTHER MEANS. |
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WHY ARE HYPERALIMENTATION SOLUTIONS ADMINISTERED THROUGH CENTRAL VEINS? |
BECAUSE HYPERALIMENTATION SOLUTIONS ARE EXTREMELY HYPERTONIC AND IRRITATING TO THE SMALLER VESSELS. |
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WHAT CONDITION SHOULD BE TREATED WITH BLOOD COLUME EXPANDERS? |
HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK AND OTHER FORMS OF SHOCK CHARACTERIZED BY AN EXCESSIVE PLASMA LOSS. |
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WHAT BASIC EQUIPMENT IS NEEDED TO INITIATE AN IV? |
INSERTION SPIKE, DRIP CHAMBER, LENGTH OF PLASTIC TUBING, CLAMP, VENT PORT, MEDICATION PORT, SECONDARY PORT, NEEDLE ADAPTER. |
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HOW HIGH SHOULD THE IV CONTAINER BE POSITIONED? |
BETWEEN 24-36 INCHES ABOVE THE PT. |
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WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ADMIN. SET? |
INSERTION SPIKE, DRIP CHAMBER, LENGTH OF PLASTIC TUBING, CLAMP, VENT PORT, MEDICATION PORT, SECONDARY PORT, AND NEEDLE ADAPTER. |
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WHAT PREVENTS THE MIXING OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INFUSIONS WHEN A PIGGYBACK SETUP IS USED? |
THE BAG-CHECK VALVE. |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC TYPES OF INTRAVENOUS NEEDLES? |
WING-TIPPED NEEDLES, OVER THE NEEDLE CATHETERS, INSIDE THE NEEDLE CATHETERS. |
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WHAT TYPE OF NEEDLE IS COMMONLY USED TO INITIATE AN IV THE SCALP OF A PEDIATRIC PATIENT? |
WING-TIPPED NEEDLE. |
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WHAT TYPE OF NEEDLE IS MOST COMMONLY USED WHEN THE POSSIBILITY OF EXTRAVASATION IS POSSIBLE? |
INSIDE THE NEEDLE CATHETERS. |
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WHEN WOULD A VOLUMETRIC PUMP BE USED? |
WHEN A PRECISE FLOW RATE IS REQUIRED, EITHER BECAUSE PT'S CONDITION OR DUE TO TYPE OF MEDICATION BEING ADMINISTERED. |
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WHEN ARE VARIABLE PRESSURE VOLUMETRIC PUMPS USED? |
WHEN CRITICAL VOLUMES AND CRITICAL MEDICATIONS TO SELECTED PT'S ARE NEEDED. |
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HOW DO YOU "PRIME" THE ADMINISTRATION SET? |
PRIME=FLUSH=INSERT SPIKE INTO APPROPRIATE OPENING, FULL DRIP CHAMBER APPROX HALFWAY FULL THEN ALLOW SMALL AMOUTN OF SOLUTION TO FLOW THROUGH TUBING TO ELIMINATE BUBBLES. |
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WHAT INFORMATION SHOULD BE INCLUDED ON THE MEDICATION LABEL PLACED ON THE SIDE OF THE BOTTLE/BAG. |
START TIME, STOP TIME, HOURLY INTERVALS. |
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WHERE ARE THE MEDICATIONS USUALLY ADDED TO THE IV CONTAINER? |
IN THE PHARMACY OR NURSING UNIT. |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF THERE ARE VISITORS PRESENT WHEN OU GO TO START AN IV? |
POLITELY REQUEST THAT THEY STEO OUR OF THE ROOM UNTIL THE IV HAS BEEN PLACED. |
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WHAT FACTORS SHOULD YOU CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING AN IV INJECTION SITE? |
TYPE OF SOLUTION, RATE OF INFUSION, AGE AND CONDITION OF PT, CONDITION OF VEINS, DURATION OF THE THERAPY, TYPE OF EQUIPMENT USED. |
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WHY IS IT SOMETIMES DIFFICULT TO INITIATE AN IV ON ELDERLY PATIENTS? |
BECAUSE ELDERLY PT'S HAVE FRAGILE VEINS THAT COLLAPSE WHEN PUNCTURED W/A NEEDLE. |
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WHERE SHOULD YOU START AN IV IF IT WILL BE IN PLACE FOR A LONG TIME? |
THE MOST DISTAL VEIN POSSIBLE TO PRESERVE OTHER SITES FOR FUTURE USE. |
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WHAT THREE VEINS ARE PREFERRED FOR IV SITES IN THE HAND AND ARM? |
METACARPAL, CEPHALIC, AND BASILIC VEINS. |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU DO BEFORE YOU BEGIN ACTUAL CONTACT PROCEDURES WITH THE PATIENT? |
DON GLOVES IN ORDER TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR PATIENT. |
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HOW TIGHT SHOULD YOU MAKE THE TOURNIQUET? |
TIGHT ENOUGH TO OBSTRUCT VENOUS FLOW BUT NOT ARTERIAL FLOW. |
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WHERE SHOULD YOU INSTERT THE NEEDLE IN RELATION TO THE VEIN YOU ARE TRYING TO PENETRATE? |
1" BELOW THE POINT OF ENTRY. |
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WHAT PRECAUTION SHOULD YOU TAKE WHEN APPLYING TAPE TO A DRESSING? |
DO NOT WRAPT THE TAPE COMPLETELY AROUND THE ARM AS IT MAY RESTRICT BLOOD FLOW IF THE AREA SWELLS. |
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WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE WHETHER YOU SHOULD IMMOBILIZE AN IV? |
IF THE IV IS IN A PRECARIOUS POSITION, NEAR A JOINT, OR IT THE PT IS FAIRLY ACTIVE. |
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WHAT INFORMATION SHOULD BE DOCUMENTED AFTER THE IV IS INITIATED? |
DOCUMENT ON AN AF FORM 3-67, PROGRESS NOTES; OR DD FORM 792 = DATE, TIME, LOCATION OF SITE, TYPE, SIZE, AND LOT # OF IV CATH, TYPE OF SOLUTION., RATE OF INFUSION, ANY SPECIAL EQUIPMENT USED. |
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WHAT ARE THE INDICATIONS OF A CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD? |
CYANOSIS, DYSPNEA, COUGHING, BLOOD-TINGED SPUTUM, EDEMA, DISTENDED NECK VEINS, WEIGHT GAIN, DECREASED URINARY OUT-PUT, WEAK RAPID PULSE. |
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WHAT COMPLICATIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH THE IV THERAPY ITSELF? |
ALTERATIONS OF THE INFUSION SITE, INFILTRATION, PHLEBITIS, INFECTION, AND EMBOLISM. |
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WHY SHOULD YOU NOT ATTEMPT TO CATCH UP IF THE INFUSION IS BEHIND SCHEDULE? |
BECAUSE THIS CAN CAUSE A CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD. |
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WHAT CAUSES INFILTRATIONS? |
WHEN THE NEEDLE BECOMES DISLODGED OR PENETRATES THE VEIN WALL AND THE IV SOLUTION FLOWS INTO THE TISSUES INSTEAD OF TE THROUGH THE VEIN. |
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WHAT CONDITION MAY COMPLICATE PHLEBITIS? |
THROMBOPHLEBITIS |
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WHAT CAUSES EMBOLISMS? |
AIR BUBBLE OR FOREIGN PARTICLES (CLOTS IN VEINS). |
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WHAT IS THE NORMAL RATE FOR A KVO IV? |
SLOWEST POSSIBLE RATE, USUALLY BETWEEN 10 AND 50 CC/HOUR. |
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WHAT TYPE OF PULMONARY DISORDER IS FREQUENTLY DISCOVERED THROUGH SPUTUM COLLECTION? |
TUBERCULOSIS |
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WHAT SPECIAL TEST IS USED TO DETECT OCCULT BLOOD IN THE URINE? |
HEMATEST |
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WHAT TEST IS USED TO DETERMINE THE HYDRATION LEVEL OF THE PATIENT? |
SPECIFIC GRAVITY. NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY OR URINE IS 1.005 TO 1.025. HIGH SPECIFIC GRAVITY = DEHYDRATION |
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IF YOU FIND CALCULI WHEN STRAINING URINE, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? |
SAVE, PLACE IT IN A STERILE URINE CUP, APPLY CORRECT LABELING, NOTIFY THE NURSE AND SEND IT TO THE LAB FOR ANALYSIS. |
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STOOL SAMPLES ARE OBTAINED FOR WHAT REASONS? |
OCCULT BLOOD, PARASITES, FAT, AND OTHER ABNORMALITIES. |
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DEFINE "BIOPSIES." |
THE MOVAL AND EXAMINATION, USUALLY MICROSCOPIC, OF TISSUE OR FLUID FROM THE LIVING BODY TO ESTABLISH A PRECISE DIAGNOSIS. |
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LIST ALL EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO PERFORM VENIPUNCTURE. |
NEEDLE (20 GAUGE OR LARGER), SYRINGE (SIZE DEPENDS ON AMOUNT OF BLOOD NEEDED) ANTISEPTIC, 2x2 gauze sponges, vacutainer, vacutainer needle, test tubes (proper color), tourniquet, non-sterile gloves. |
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What is the purpose of a tourniquet when performing venipuncture? |
The tourniquets distends the veins and allows you to visualize and palpate the vein. |
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WHEN PERFORMING VENIPUNCTURE, HOW IS THE NEEDLE INSERTED? |
BEVEL UP @ A 45 DEGREE ANGLE. |
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HOW LONG IS PRESSURE MAINTAINED OVER A VENIPUNCTURE SITE? |
2-3 MINUTES |
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WHEN PERFORMING A SKIN PUNCTURE, WHY IS THE FIRST DROP OF BLOOD WIPED AWAY? |
BECAUSE THE FIRST DROP OF BLOOD CONTAINS EPITHELIAL CELLS WHICH INTERFERE WITH THE TEST RESULTS. |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A GLUCOSE METER? |
TO QUICKLY OBTAIN BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS. NORMAL FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL RANGE FROM 70-115 MG/DL. |
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WHAT FORMAT IS USED TO DOCUMENT AN INTERVIEW WITH A PATIENT? |
SF 600 |
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HOW IS THE "OBJECTIVE" DETERMINED IN SOAPP? |
BASED ON HEALTH CARE MEMBER'S OBSERVATIONS, PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A PHYSICAL EXAMINATION? |
IN ORDER TO DETERMINE THE PT'S STATE OF HEALTH AND DETECT ANY PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEFICIENCIES THAT MAY IMPACT JOB PERFORMANCE. |
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WHAT POSITION SHOULD THE PATIENT BE IN FOR A PELVIC EXAM? |
LITHOTOMY POSITION. |
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WHAT PROCEDURE SHOULD BE PERFORMED IF A PAP TEST IS POSITIVE? |
A CERVICAL BIOPSY. |
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WHAT IS AN ENDOSCOPIC EXAMINATION? |
THE INSPECTION OF A BODY CAVITY OR HALLOW ORGAN BY MEANS OF A LIGHTED INSTRUMENT. (STOMACH, ESOPHAGUS, COLON, AND RECTUM). |
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EXPLAIN HOW TO PREPARE A PATIENT FOR A SIGMOIDOSCOPY. |
TH EPT MUST HAVE A BOWEL THAT IS CLEAR OF FECAL MATTER/MATERIAL. STOOL SOFTENER OR ENEMA WILL DO THE TRICK THE NIGHT BEFORE. CLEAR LIQUID DIET FOR 24 HRS BEFORE PROCEDURE. |
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WHY DO PATIENTS UNDERGOING A COLONOSCOPY NORMALLY REQUIRE A SEDATIVE? |
BECAUSE MOST PT'S WON'T BE ABLE TO TOLERATE PAIN OR DISCOMFORT FROM THIS PROCEDURE W/O SEDATION. |
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LIST EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC CLINICS OR TREATMENTS THAT MAY USE CARE EXTENDER PROTOCOLS. |
WOUND CARE, SUTURE REMOVAL, WART TREATMENT, THROAT CULTURE, PSUEDOFOLLICULITIS BARBAE (PFB). |
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WHAT IS PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS? |
ACTUALLY MEANS A FALSE INFECTION OF THE HAIR FOLLICLES IN THE BEARD REGION. |
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WHAT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY IN THE PSEUDOFOLLICULITIS BARBAE CLINIC? |
PT EDUCATION, PROPER FACIAL HYGIENE, PROPER SHAVING METHODS, MANUAL RELEASE OF IMBEDDED HAIRS. |
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TO WHOM MUST THE MEDICAL PROVIDER RECOMMEND THE PT BE PERMITTED TO GROW FACIAL HAIR UP TO 1/4-INCH LONG. |
SQUADRON COMMANDER |
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IN WHAT PHASE OF THE PFB PROGRAM IS MEDICAL ASSISTANCE NO LONGER NEEDED? |
PHASE II |
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WHY IS A CLEAN-SHAVEN FACE IMPORTANT TO CONTINUED WORLDWIDE DUTY? |
BECAUASE AF PERSONNEL MUST BE ABLE TO EAR IGHT GAS MASK FIT OR WHOSE SKIN BECOMES IRRITATED SO HE CANNOT FIT...MUST BE ALBE TO WEAR PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR PROLONGED INTERVALS. |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE STREPS TO POPER SHAVING TECHNIQUE TAUGHT TO THE PFB PATIENT? |
1. PREPARATION OF THE FACE 2. THE SHAVE 3. THE FINISH |
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WHAT VIRUS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST WARTS? |
HPV, HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS |
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WHAT ARE 4 METHODS TO TREAT WARTS? |
PARRING DOWN VERRUCAE, CRYOTHERAPY, CURETTAGE, TOPICAL CHEMOTHERAPY |
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WHERE IS THE BUTTOCKS TO KNEE MEASUREMENT TAKEN? |
ON A FLAT HARD TABLE OR STOOL, WILE MEASURING THE SITTING HEIGHT. |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU INFORM THE PT ABOUT BEFORE PERFORMING TYMPANOMETRY? |
EXPLAIN PROCEDURE AND WHAT THEY CAN EXPECT, SOME SOUNDS MAY BE LOUD OR STARLING (TRY TO REMAIN RELAXED), SIT QUIETLY, AVOID SWALLOWING, OR SPEAKING. |
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EXPLAIN VISUAL FIELD. |
THE PART OF SPACE THAT CAN BE SEEN WHEN THE HEAD AND EYES ARE MOTIONLESS. |
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WHAT TARE THE REASONS FOR VISUAL FIELD TESTING? |
1. DETECTION OF ABNORMALITIES IN PERIPHERAL VISUAL FIELD 2. MONITORING CHANGES INA NORMAL OR DEFECTIVE VISUAL FIELD THAT MAY INDICATE DEVELOPMENT, PROGRESSION, OR IMPROVEMENT OF DISEASE PROCESSES AFFECTING THE RETINA. |
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WHAT IS THE VISUAL FIELD? |
NORMAL TWO-EYED VISION "BINOCULAR FIELD." SINGLE = MONOCULAR. MEASURE IN DEGREES AWAY FROM FIXATION. |
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HOW MANY DEGREES OUT FROM THE VISUAL AXIS IS THE CENTRAL FIELD? |
30 DEGREES OUT FROM THE VISUAL AXIS. |
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WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS? |
GLAUCOMA, RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA, RETINAL DETACHMENTS, BULLS-EYE MACULOPATHY, AND TUMORS OF THE BRAIN, AND VISUAL PATHWAY. |
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BEFORE YOU CAN BEGIN TESTIN ON THE OVT, WHAT THREE QUESTIONS MUST YOU ASK THE PATIENT? |
1. DO YOU WEAR GLASSES? 2. DO YOU WEAR CONTACTS? 3. DO YOU NOW HAVE, OR HAVE YOU EVER HAD ANY EYE PROBLEMS? |
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WHAT MUST YOU DO IF YOU SUSPECT THE EXAMINEE HAS MEMORIZED THE TEST PLATES OF THE PIP? |
USE THE BACKUP TESTS. |
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WHAT IS THE AMSLER GRID USED FOR? |
USED TO DETECT ABNORMALITIES IN THE CENTRAL 10 DEGREES OF THE FIELD OF VISION. |
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WHAT IS NEAR POINT OF CONVERGENCE? |
EXAMINES THE EXAMINEES ABILITY TO FUSE ON AN OBJECT AS IT COMES IN CLOSE TO THE EYES AND USES THE ACCOMMODATION TEST RULE. |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO MOST USEFUL PURPOSES OF THE PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST? |
EVALUATING LOSSES IN RESPIRATORY FUNCTION AND FOLLOWING THE COURSE OF CERTAIN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. |
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WHICH OF THE FOUR RESPIRATORY CAPACITIES REPRESENTS THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF EXCHANGABLE AIR? |
VITAL CAPACITY (VC) |
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DEFINE ANATOMICAL DEAD SPACE. |
INSPIRE AIR FILLS THE CONDUCTING RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAYS, AND NEVER CONTRIBUTES TO GAS EXCHANGE IN THE ALVEOLI. |
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BEFORE ADMINISTERING THE PFT, WHAT INFORMATION MUST YOU FIND OUT FROM THE PATIENT THAT MAY HAVE AN EFFECT ON THE TEST? |
IF THE PT HAS SMOKED, EATEN, OR HAS RECENTLY HAD A RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION. |
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HOW LONG MUST AN EXAMINEE BLOW INTO THE PFT MACHINE BEFORE A TRACING CAN BE CONSIDERED ACCEPTABLE? |
AT LEAST 5 SECONDS. |
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WHEN USING THE APPROPRIATE NOMOGRAM TO DETERMINED PREDICTED CALUES, WHAT TWO FACTORS MUST BE KNOWN? |
HEIGHT AND AGE. |
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WHAT MUST YOU DO TO THE PREDICTED FEC, ANFVC VALUES FOR NON-CAUCASIAN EXAMINEES AND WHY? |
MULTIPLY PREDICTED FEV AND FVC BY 0.85 TO ADJUST FOR 15% DIFFERENCE. BECAUSE FVC AND FEV PERCENT IS ABOUT 15% LOWER THAN THAT OF NON-WHITES. |
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WHAT INITIATES ELECTRICAL IMPULSES IN THE HEART? |
THE SA NODE. |
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EXPLAIN THE PROGRESSION OF THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSE THROUGH THE HEART. |
SA NODE STIMULATES BOTH ATRIA, AV NODE, AV BUNDLE OF HISTO THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRANCHES, THEN TO THE PURKINJE FIBERS |
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WHERE IN THE HEART IS THE PURKINJE FIBER NETWORK MOST ELABORATE? |
THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART. |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE DISTINGUISHABLE WAVES OF AN ECG CALLED? |
DEFLECTION WAVES = P, QRS, T |
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WHAT DOES THE QRS COMPLEX RESULT FROM? |
VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION |
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DEFINE AN ARTIFACT. |
ANY ARTIFICIAL PRODUCTS OR FEATURES THAT APPEAR ON AN ECG TRACING AND CAN RENDER THE TRACING INVALID. |
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DEFINE ARRHYTHMIA. |
ANY VARIATION FROM THE NORMAL ELECTRICAL RATE AND/OR SEQUENCE OF CARDIAC ACTIVITIES SUCH AS A NATURAL BODY DISTURBANCE, OR UNDERLYING PATHOLOGY W/IN THE HEART. |
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WHEN APPLYING LIMB LEADS ON THE FLESHY PORTION OF AN EXTREMITY, WHERE YOU MUCH ENSURE THE ELECTRODES DO NOT LIE? |
ON THE BONE (WON'T CONDUCT CORRECTLY). |
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BY MEASURING THE VARIOUS WAVES, COMPLEXES, INTERVAL, AND ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE, WHAT CAN A TRAINED PERSON DETERMINE FROM AN ECG? |
THE RATE, RHYTHM, AND AXIS OF THE HEART, ALONG WITH ANY EVIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL HYPERTROPHY OR INFARCTION. |
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IN WHAT POSITIONS SHOULD THE PATIENT BE PLAED WHILE TAKING ORTHOSTATIC VITAL SIGNS? |
LYING, SITTING, STANDING. |
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WHAT ARE TWO POSSIBLE TREATMENTS FOR POSTURAL/ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION? |
IV THERAPY, OR BLOOD TRANSFUSION THERAPY. |
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WHAT DOES A PULSE OXIMETER MEASURE? |
MEASURE THE AMOUNT OF ARTERIAL THAT IS SATURATED WITH O2 IN THE BODY BY MEASURING THE PERCENTAGE OF BLOOD THAT SI BOUND WITH OXYGEN. |
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WHEN SHOULD YOU REPORT A PULSE OXIMETRY READING IMMEDIATELY? |
BELOW 97% OR OBSERVATION OF A PATIENT WHO APPEARS TO BE IN ANY RESPIRATORY OR CIRCULATORYDISTRESS. |
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PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW MEASUREMENT IS REFERRED TO AS WHAT? |
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME. |
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A NEUROLOGIC CHECK IS PERFORMED AT REGULAR INTERVALS ON PATIENTS WHO MAY HAVE WHAT CONDITION(S)? |
1. ON PT WHO HAS A HEAD INJURY 2. NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS SUCH AS SEIZURES 3. PT COMPLAINS OF WEAKNESS, NUMBNESS, TINGLING IN A PARTICULAR AREA OF BODY |
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HOW WOULD YOU MAKE A NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF A PATIENT'S MENTAL ORIENTATION?
|
TO PERSON, PLACE, TIME (PERSON'S FULL NAME, THE MONTH, DAY OR YEAR, CURRENT PRESIDENT, ETC). |
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WHAT IS CONSENSUAL REFLEX? |
WHEN BOTH EYES' NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTIONS ARE WORKING TOGETHER AND CAN BE SEEN WHEN BOTH PUPILS REACT AND BECOME SMALLER WHEN LIGHT STIMULATES... |
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WHAT ARE TWO WAYS TO TEST UPPER EXTREMITY STRENGTH? |
1. HAVE PT SQUEEZE MIDDLE AND INDEX FINGERS (CROSSED) WITH BOTH HANDS. 2. PUT YOUR HANDS AGAINST THERES, HAVE THEM PUSH BACK FOR RESISTANCE. |
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LIST THE SIX BASIC TASKS YOU MUST ACCOMPLISH BEFORE PERFORMING A PROCEDURE? |
VERY PROVIDER ORDER, GATHER ALL EQUIPMENT, IDENTIFY THE PATIENT, EXPLAIN PROCEDURE TO PT, USE PROPER BSI WITH PPE, PROVIDE PRIVACY. |
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|
LIST AT LEAST FOUR RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE MEDICAL TECHNICIAN WHEN IN PRE- AND POST-PROCEDURES. |
1. COMPLETED CONSENT FORM 2. PT'S VITAL SIGNS 3. ASSIST PROVIDER DURING PROCEDURE 4. ENSURE PT HAS WOUND CARE INSTRUCTIONS |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF KNIFE USED DURING MINOR SURGERIES? |
KNIVES WITH DETACHABLE BLADES. |
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DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF A HEMOSTAT AND RAKE RETRACTORS. |
USED TO HOLD BACK EDGES OF A WOUND OR CAVITY TO EXPOSE AN AREA (HOLD BACK SUPERFICIAL TISSUE). |
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WHAT ARE THE TECHNICIAN'S DUTIES WHEN A TISSUE SAMPLE IS TAKEN AND MUST BE PROCESSED BY PATHOLOGY? |
TURN THEM INTO LAB, ENSURE PROPER LABELING OF SPECIMENS BEFORE PT IS RELEASED FROM CARE. |
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WHAT ACTION SHOULD YOU TAKE IF THERE IS FOREIGN MATERIAL IN A WOND YOU ARE CLEANING? |
FLUSH OUT FOREIGN MATERIAL, DO NOT DIG. |
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EXPLAIN DEBRIDEMENT. |
THE ACTUAL REMOVAL OF FOREIGN PARTICLES AND MUTILATED OR DEAD TISSUE FROM THE WOUND AND SURROUNDING AREA. |
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WHEN AND WHY ARE ADHESIVE SKIN CLOSURES USED? |
WHEN: FOLLOWING SUTURE REMOVAL TO SUPPORT WOUND EDGES, IN TISSUES WITH POOR CIRCULATION, TO SECURE SKIN GRAFTS AND IN AREAS WHERE COSMETIC APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT. WHY: USED TO APPROXIMATE WOUND EGES IN AREAS WITH MINIMAL TENSION ON THE WOUND. |
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WHAT TER IS USED TO DESCRIBE THE PULLING TOGETHER OF TISSUE BEFORE SUTURING? |
APPROXIMATING |
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WHAT ARE THE GENERAL CATEGORIES OF SUTURE MATERIAL? |
NATURAL/SYNTHETIC, ABSORBABLE, NON-ABSORBABLE. |
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HOW IS SUTURE SIZE DETERMINED? |
THE SMALLER THE NUMBER, THE LARGER THE SUTURE DIAMETER. |
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WHAT ARE THREE TYPES OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS? |
DIGITAL BLOCK, TOPICAL, AND LOCAL INFILTRATION |
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ON WHAT AREAS OF THE BODY WOULD YOU REFRAIN FROM USUING LIDOCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE? |
FINERS/TOES, NOSE, EAR, PENIS, FLAPS OF SKIN (MOST). |
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HOW DO YOU START THE FIRST SUTURE? |
1. INSTRUMENT IN DOMINANT HAND 2. PERPENDICULAR TO AND ABOVE POINT YOU WANT TO PASS NEEDLE THROUGH. 3. PASS SUTURE MATERIAL THROUGH EPIDERMAL AND DERMAL LAYERS OF SKIN |
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WHAT CAN HAPPEN IF STAPLES OR SUTURES ARE LEFT IN PLACE TOO LONG? |
SCARRING AND INFECTIONS. |
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|
WHAT FIVE THINGS ARE MEDICATIONS USED FOR? |
1. TREAT 2. CURE 3. PREVENT DISEASE 4. PROVIDE RELIEF 5. DIAGNOSE |
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|
WHAT IS A FORMULARY? |
A REFERENCE BOOK OR PAMPHLET THAT LISTS MEDICATIONS AVAILABLE AT SPECIFIC HEALTH CARE FACILITY. LISTS RECOMMENDED DOSAGES AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS. |
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|
WHAT DRUG NAME IS ASSIGNED BY THE US ADOPTED NAME COUNCIL? |
THE GENERIC NAME |
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|
WHY WERE DRUG STANDARDS DEVELOPED? |
TO ENSURE MEDICATIONS ARE OF UNIFORM PRODUCT QUALITY |
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|
WHO IS INVOLVED IN SELECTING, OBTAINING, AND STORING DIFFERENT MEDICATIONS, AS WELL AS ACCOUNTING FOR THE SAFE DISPENSATION OF MEDICATIONS? |
PHARMACISTS |
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WHAT TWO ESSENTIAL PATIENT HISTORY CONSIDERATIONS MUST BE OBTAINED AND DOCUMENTED BEFORE ADMINISTERING A MEDICATION? |
CURRENT MEDICATIONS AND ALLERGIES |
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|
WHAT ARE THE "FIVE RIGHTS" OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION? |
RIGHT... 1. PATIENT 2. ROUTE 3. DOSE 4. TIME 5. MEDICATION |
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|
LIST THE FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION? |
1. KNOWLEDGE 2. JUDGEMENT 3. SKILL IN DELIVERY 4. PATIENT EDUCATION |
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|
WHAT MEDICATION REFERENCES ARE AVAILABLE TO THE TECHNICIAN IF NEEDED? |
PHYSICIANS DESK REFERENCE (PDR), NURSES DRUG HANDBOOK |
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|
WHAT ARE THE FIVE BASIC RIGHTS OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION AND WHAT IS THE SIXTH ADDITIONAL RIGHT? |
1. PAITENT 2. TIME 3. DOSE 4. ROUTE 5. MEDICATION 6. DOCUMENTATION |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN PREPARING A MEDICATION? |
VERIFY MEDICATION ORDER |
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WHAT IS THE LARGEST AMOUTN OF THE DRUG THAT WILL PRODUCE A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT WITHOUT SYMPTOMS OF TOXICITY? |
MAXIMUM DOSE |
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|
DEFINE LOADING DOSE. |
INITIAL HIGH DOSE USED TO ELEVATE THE LEVEL OF THE DRUG IN THE BLOOD QUICKLY. FOLLOWED BY A SERIES OF LOWER MAINTENANCE DOSES. |
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|
WHAT ARE SEVEN ELEMENTS OF PROPER MEDICATION DOCUMENTATION? |
1. YOU ADMINISTER THE MEDS 2. PROMPTLY DOCUMENT TO REDUCE THE RISK OF DUPLICATE DOCUMENTATION 3. ALL DOCUMENTATION IS IN INK 4. USE DICTIONARIES TO ENSURE CORRECT SPELLING 5. LINE OUT MISTAKES, INTIAL AND DATE WRITE CORRECTION 6. NURSE OR PROVIDERS' COSIGN YOUR ENTRIES 7. INCLUDE TIME OR RELEASE FOR PT'S WHO HAD TO WAIT IN CLINIC AREA AFTER GETTING MEDS. |
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|
IF A PT REFUSES TO TAKE A MEDICATION, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? |
FIND OUT WHY, DOCUMENT, AND INFORM THE NURSE OR PROVIDER. |
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|
WHAT FORM DO YOU USE TO REPORT A MEDICATION ERROR? |
AF FORM 765; MTF INCIDENT STATEMENT |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS? |
1. STAT ORDER 2. SINGLE ORDER 3. STANDING ORDER 4. PRN ORDER |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE SIX ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A DRUG ORDER? |
1. PT'S NAME 2. PROVIDER'S SIGNATURE 3. DRUG NAME 4. DOSAGE 5. METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION 6. DATE ORDER WAS WRITTEN |
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|
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DOCUMENTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF A MEDICATION? |
WHOEVER ADMINISTERED THE MEDS |
|
|
WHY DOES THE SITE OF ADMINISTRATION NEED TO BE DOCUMENTED WHEN AN INJECTION IS GIVEN?
|
IN ORDER TO AVOID DUPLICATE INJECTIONS AT THE SAME SITE |
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|
IN ORDER TO AVOID ERRORS, WHAT DO MANY FACILITIES USE TO COPY A MEDICATION ORDER? |
A COMPUTER GENERATED PRODUCT THAT LISTS ALL OF THE MEDICATION ORDERS THAT APPLY TO A PARTICULAR PATIENT |
|
|
WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN FEDERAL LAWS THAT APPLY TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS?
|
1. FOOD, DRUG, COSMETIC ACT 2. COMPREHENSIVE DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL ACT |
|
|
WHEN DO DOUBLE-LOCKED DRUGS NEED TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR? |
AT THE END OF EACH SHIFT (AND PROPERLY DOCUMENT EACH ACTION) |
|
|
IN WHICH SCHEDULE ARE DRUGS NOT ACCEPTABLE FOR MEDICAL USE AND HAVE A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR ABUSE? |
SCHEDULE 1 |
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|
ASPIRIN WITH CODEINE FALLS UNDER WHAT SCHEDULE OF DRUGS? |
SCHEDULE 3 |
|
|
SPECIAL INVENTORY PROCEDURES ARE REQUIRED FOR WHAT SCHEDULE OF DRUGS? |
SCHEDULE 2 (INVENTORIED MONTHLY) |
|
|
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A PALLIATIVE DRUG ACTION? |
RELIEVES SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE, DOES NOT AFFECT DISEASE ITSELF |
|
|
WHAT CATEGORY OF THERAPEUTIC DRUG HAS THE PURPOSE OF REPLACING BODY FLUIDS OR SUBSTANCES? |
SUBSTITUTIVE |
|
|
THIS TERM IS APPLIED WHEN DRUGS ARE USED TO RETURN THE BODY TO HEALTH, BUT NOT CURE THE DISEASE? |
RESTORATIVE |
|
|
WHAT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS MUST THE TECHNICIAN WARN THE PATIENT THEY MAY EXPERIENCE AFTER TAKING AN ADRENERGIC MEDICATION? |
PALPITATIONS, NERVOUSNESS OR TREMORS, TACHYCARDIA, CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, OR ANGINAL PAIN |
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|
EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. WHICH CATEGORY OF DRUGS IS USED TO PREVENT THIS ACTION IN THE BODY? |
SYMPATHETIC = FIGHT OR FLIGHT BETA BLOCKERS |
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A PATIENT YOU ARE CARING FOR HAS CHF AND IS TAKING ORAL DIGITALIS. WHAT CATEGORY OF MEDICATIONS IS CONTRAINDICATED FOR USE WITH THE PATIENT? |
BETA-BLOCKERS |
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ONCE CHOLINERGIC HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED INTO THE BODY, WHAT ARE THE ACTIONS OF THIS TYPE OF DRUG? |
DRYING (ALL SECRETIONS DECREASED), DECREASED GI AND GU MOTILITY AND THE DILATION OF PUPILS |
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LIST THE THREE DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH THAT THE TECHNICIAN NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF. |
1. SYNERGISM - DRUGS THAT WORK TOGETHER 2. POTENTIATION - WHEN ONE DRUG PROLONGS OR MULTIPLIES EFFECT OF THE OTHER 3. ANTAGONISM - WHEN ONE DRUG DECREASES OR CANCELS OUT THE OTHER |
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DURING HER MEDICAL HISTORY SCREENING AT THE FAMILY PRACTICE CLINIC, MRS. JONES ADMITTED TO TAKING OTC TAGAMET FOR HER HEARTBURN AT HOME, AND THAT HER DOCTOR HAD PREVIOUSLY PRESCRIBED TOFRANIL FOR HER CURRENT DEPRESSION. FOR WHAT TYPE OF DRUG INTERACTION DO YOU NEED TO BE ALERTED, AND IS IT DESIRABLE OR UNDESIRABLE? |
UNDESIRABLE POTENTIATION (A TOXIC EFFECT MAY RESULT) |
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WHAT IS THE PROCESS CALLED IN WHICH A MEDICATION IS TRANSPORTED FROM THE SITE OF ENTRY TO THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM? |
ABSORPTION |
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HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR THE EFFECTS OF DRUG TOXICITY TO BE NOTICED? |
COULD BE IMMEDIATELY EVIDENT, OR IT COULD TAKE MONTHS |
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WHAT IS THE TERM USED FOR SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION? |
ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION |
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WHEN AN OVERDOSE OF A DRUG OCCURS, WHAT NORMALLY RESULTS? |
WHAT RESULTS IS THE BODY'S INABILITY TO METABOLIZE OR EXCRETE THE DRUG IN A TIMELY MANNER. |
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NAME THE TWO TYPES OF DRUG DEPENDENCE? |
1. PHYSICAL - BODY'S REQUIREMENT FOR A DRUG (WITHDRAWALS) 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL - EMOTIONAL OR MENTAL NEED FOR THE DRUG |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MOST DRUG THERAPY? |
TO MAINTAIN A CONSTANT LEVEL OF DRUG IN THE BODY TO PERMIT THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION TO BE ACHIEVED |
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WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE THE ACTION THAT DRUGS HAVE ON THE BODY? |
AGE, WEIGHT, SEX, GENETIC FACTORS, PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS, ILLNESS, AND DISEASE, TIME OF ADMINISTRATION, EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT |
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WHAT ARE INFANTS HIGHLY AFFECTED BY DRUGS? |
IMMATURE LIVER AND KIDNEY FUNCTION THAT RESULTS IN SLOWER EXCRETION OF A DRUG |
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WHEN PATIENTS DO NOT BELIEVE A CERTAIN MEDICATION WILL HEP THEM, WHAT FACTORS ARE INFLUENCING THEM? |
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS |
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WHY DO ORAL MEDICATIONS TAKEN BEFORE MEALS USUALLY ACT FASTER IN THE BODY? |
LOW DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CONTENT |
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WHAT ARE FIVE GENERAL ROUTES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION? |
1. PARENTERAL 2. ORAL 3. SUBLINGUAL 4. BUCCAL 5. TOPICAL |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP TO TAKEN WHEN PREPARING A MEDICATION FOR ADMINISTRATION? |
VERIFY DOCTOR'S ORDERS |
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WHAT SHOULD BE DONE IF A MEDICATION IS TO BE ADMINISTERED ON SITE ON A DATE OTHER THAN WHEN IT WAS ORDERE? |
ENSURE THAT IT IS NOTED |
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WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF CALCULATING DRUG DOSAGES? |
BASIC CALCULATION DOSAGE: ORDERED DOSE / SUPPLIED DOSE |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR TYPES OF PARENTERAL INJECTION METHODS? |
1. SUBCUTANEOUS 2. IM 3. INTRADERMAL 3. IV |
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WHY TYPE OF PARENTERAL INJECTION TECHNIQUE IS ADMINISTERED TO THE SKIN'S DERMIS LAYER? |
INTRADERMAL |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF IV DRUG ADMINISTRATION METHODS? |
1. IV DRIP 2. IV PUSH |
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WHAT FACTORS MAY CAUSE REDUCED MUSCLE MASS AT A POTENTIAL INJECTION SITE? |
MAY BE RESULT OF AGE (VERY OLD OR VERY YOUNG), INACTIVITY, MALNUTRITION, OR DISEASE PROCESS |
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WHEN THE PLUNGER OF A SYRINGE IS PULLED BACK, WHAT OCCURS WITHIN THE BARREL? |
A VACUUM IS CREATED INSIDE OF THE BARREL |
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WHAT ARE THE 3 BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE NEEDLE? |
1. BEVEL 2. NEEDLE SHAFT 3. HUB |
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WHERE MUST ALL SYRINGES AND NEEDLES BE STORED? |
IN A LOCKED CABINET OR STORAGE AREA |
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WHERE ARE SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS GIVEN? |
IN THE LOOSE/CONNECTIVE FATTY TISSUE BETWEEN THE SKIN AND THE MUSCLE |
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WHY ARE THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS SITES PREFERRED FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS? |
BECAUSE THEY ARE FREE FROM NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS |
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WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF THE ORAL METHOD OF ADMINISTERING MEDICATION? |
POSSIBLE UNPLEASANT TASTE, POTENTIAL FOR GASTRIC IRRITATION, AND SLOWER RATE OF ABSORPTION |
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IDEALLY, IN WHAT POSITION SHOULD YOU PLACE A PATIENT TO ADMINISTER AN ORAL MEDICATION? |
A SITTING POSITION |
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WHY IS THERE A MINIMAL LOSS OF POTENCY WHEN ADMINISTERING A SUBLINGUAL MEDICATION? |
BECAUSE THE MEDS BYPASS THE LIVER |
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WHAT THREE GENERAL AREAS OF THE BODY ARE TOPICAL MEDICATIONS ADMINISTERED TO? |
1. SKIN SURFACE 2. BODY CAVITIES 3. BODY ORIFICES |
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WHY SHOULD YOU WEAR GLOVES WHEN APPLYING A DERMATOLOGIC MEDICATION? |
BECAUSE OF THE CURRENT INFECTIOUS HAZARDS, CONTAMINATION, COULD BE AFFECTED BY MEDS IF USING BARE HANDS |
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HOW OFTEN DO YOU ASSESS A PT'S VITAL SIGNS WHEN ADMINISTERING AN INHALATION? |
BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER |
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IN WHAT PART OF THE EYE DO YOU ADMINISTER OPHTHALMIC MEDICATIONS? |
THE LOWER CONJUNCTIVAL SAC |
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HOW DO YOU ADMINISTER EAR DROPS IN A PATIENT YOUNGER THAN 3 YEARS OF AGE? IN AN ADULT? |
1. PULL DOWN EARLOBE TO STRAIGHTEN CANAL 2. PULL AURICLE UP AND BACK TO STRAIGHTEN CANAL |
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HOW CAN A HEALTHCARE WORKER ASSESS A PATENT'S LEVEL OF PAIN? |
THROUGH VITAL SIGNS, POSITIONS, AND EMOTIONAL REPSONSES |
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DEFINE ENDORPHINES. |
ENDOGENOUS ANALGESICS PRODUCED WITHIN THE BRAIN AS A REACTION TO SEVERE PAIN OR INTENSE EXERCISE, BLOCK TRANSMISSION OF PAIN
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WHAT ARE THE THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ANALGESICS? |
1. OPIOD 2. NON-OPIOD 3. ADJUVANT |
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LIST THE SIDE EFFECTS OF OPIODS. |
SEDATION CONFUSION EUPHORIA RESTLESSNESS HYPOTENSION BRADYCHARDIA |
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NON-OPIOD ANALGESICS |
BUFFERIN PANADOL ULTRAM EQUAGESIC |
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OPIOD ANTAGONIST |
REVIA NARCAN |
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OPIOD ANALGESIC |
STADOL CODINE DEMEROL PERCOCET |
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WHAT DOES THE LAY PUBLIC NEED TO BE AWARE OF WHEN CONSIDERING NON-OPIOD ANALGESICS? |
THE DANGERS OF SELF MEDICATION,OVER-DOSAGE, SIDE EFFECTS, AND INTERACTIONS BY INAPPROPRIATE USE OF THESE READILY AVAILABLE DRUGS |
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LIST 5 DISORDERS FOR WHICH ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES ARE COMMONLY PRESCRIBED. |
1. ARTHRITIS 2. BURSITIS 3. GOUT 4. MUSCLE STRAINS 5. SPRAINS |
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EXPLAIN THE FUNCTION OF A COX-2 INHIBITOR. |
SELECTIVELY INHIBIT COX-2 PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS, DO NOT INHIBIT CLOTTING. |
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BARBITURATES ARE COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT SITUATIONS AND WHY? |
SUICIDES AND FATALITIES BECAUSE OF THE ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSES. THEY ARE METABOLIZED AND EXCRETED SLOWLY AND REMAIN IN THE SYSTEM LONGER |
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LIST THE SIDE EFFECTS OF NON-BARBITURATES. |
NAUSEA, VOMMITING, DIARRHEA, HEADACHE, RASH, DIZZINESS, ATAXIA, LEUKOPENIA, CONFUSION, AMNESIA, AND HALLUCINATIONS, DAYTIME SEDATION |
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HOW DO PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATIONS WORK? |
BY EXERTING A THERAPEUTIC EFFECT ON AN INDIVIDUAL'S MENTAL PROCESSES, EMOTIONS, OR BEHAVIOR |
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WHY ARE CNS STIMULANTS GIVEN? |
FOR PROMOTION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTIONING |
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ANTI-DEPRESSENTS WORK IN CONJUNCTION WITH WHICH NEUROTRANSMITTERS? |
THE CHEMICALS = DOPAMINE, SEROTONIN, AND NOREPINEPHRINE |
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AN ANTI-DEPRESSENT? |
USED TO ENABLE NORMAL NEUROTRANSMITTER ACTION |
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WHAT DISORDERS ARE BOTH REMERON AND SERZONE USED TO TREAT? |
AGITATED DEPRESSION, MIXED ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, FIBROMYALGIA |
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WHAT IS THE ANTIDEPRESSENT ACTION OF THE MAOI'S? |
INCREASE CONCENTRATION OF SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE AND DOPAMINE IN THE NEURONAL SYNAPSE BY INHIBITING THE MONOAMINE OXIDASE ENZYME |
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WHAT ARE THE SIGNS OF LITHIUM TOXICITY? |
DROWSINESS, CONFUSION, BLURRED VISION, PHOTOPHOBIA |
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WHAT ARE SOME OF THE FACTORS CONSIDERED WHEN ANTIARRHYTHMICS ARE CHOSEN? |
TYPE OF ARRHYTHMIA, THE FREQUENCY, CARIDA AND RENAL CONDITION, CURRENT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT PT IS SHOWING |
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HOW DO B-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS WORK? |
B-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS INHIBIT ADRENERGIC (SYMPATHETIC) NERVE RECEPTORS |
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THE USE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS FOR ANTIARRHYTHMIC THERAPY IS CONTRAINDICATED FOR WHAT TYPE OF PATIENTS? |
PT'S WHO ARE HYPERTENSIVE TO LOCAL ANESTHETICS (AMIDE-TYPE) RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION OR KNOWN HEART BLOCK, CHILDREN, AND FOR WOMEN WHO ARE PREGNANT OR LACTATING |
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WHAT ARE THE INITIAL TREATMENTS USED FOR MILD HYPERTENSION? |
LIFESTYLE CHANGES RANGING FROM DIET MODIFICATION, WEIGHT REDUCTION, MILD EXERCISE PROGRAM, SMOKING CESSATION, STRESS REDUCTION PLANNING |
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WHAT DRUG IS USED TO TREAT HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH NEUROPATHY AND WHY? |
ACE INHIBITORS BECAUSE THEY SLOW THE PROGRESSION OF RENAL DISEASE AND DECREASE VASOCONSTRICTION |
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EXPLAIN THE ACTION OF COUMARIN DERIVATIVES. |
THEY ALTER THE SYNTHESIS OF BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS IN THE LIVER BY INTERFERING WITH VITAMIN K. IT'S SLOWER THAN THAT OF HEPARIN; USED AS A FOLLOW-UP OR LONG0TERM ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY |
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EXPLAIN THE GUIDELINES FOR GIVING THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS. |
ADMINISTERED IN THE ER OR INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN THE FIRST FEW HOURS (OR LESS THAN 6 HRS) AFTER ONSET OF AMI OR CEREBRAL ACCIDENT |
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WHAT FACTORS WILL THE CHOICE OF ANTACID BE DEPENDENT UPON? |
PALATABILITY, ADVERSE EFFECTS, ACID NEUTRALIZING CAPACITY, SODIUM CONTENT, PT'S RENAL AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY USE OF ANTIDIARRHEAL AGENTS? |
TO REDUCE NUMBER OF LOOSE STOOLS AN INDIVIDUAL IS HAVING |
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WHAT SHOULD THE PATIENT EDUCATION INCLUDE WHEN TAKING ABSORBENTS AND PROTECTANTS? |
AVOIDANCE OF SELF-MEDICATION FOR LONGER THAN 48 HOURS OF IT FEVER HAS DEVELOPED. BLAND DIET (APPLES W/O PEELS), OR SUGAR ADDED, RICE OR BANANAS. INCREASE FLUIDS (H2O OR POWER DRINKS W/HIGH ELECTROLYTE CONTENT). |
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WHAT ARE THE CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR TAKING LOMOTIL AND IMODIUM? |
DIARRHEA INDUCED BY INFECTION OR POISONING; COLITITS ASSOCIATED W/BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS, ULCERATIVE COLITIS, AND CIRRHOSIS |
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LACTINEX IS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF WHAT CONDITIONS? |
SIMPLE DIARRHEA, INFECTION, , IRRITABLE COLON, COLOSTOMY, OR AMEBIASES, (CAUSED BY ANTIBIOTICS) |
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WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR SIMPLE CONSTIPATION, AND WHAT FORM IS IT AVAILABLE? |
BULK-FORMING LAXATIVES, AVAILABLE IN POWDERS, FLAKES, GRANULES, TABLETS, LIQUIDS; MUST BE DISSOLVED AND OR DILUTED ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURERS' DIRECTIONS |
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WHICH FORM OF CATHARTIC IS THE PRIMARY CHOICE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN AND CHILDREN? |
STOOL SOFTENERS |
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WHAT SITUATIONS ARE STIMULANT LAXATIVES USED FOR? |
WHEN PT IS SCHEDULED FOR SIGMOIDOSCOPY, GI X-RAYS WHEN BARIUM IS USED OR PROTOSCOPES |
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WHNDER WHAT CONDITIONS ARE ANTIEMETICS USED? |
NAUSEA, VOMITING, MOTIONS SICKNESS |
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HOW DO THE ADRENAL GLANDS FUNCTION? |
LOCATED ATOP EACH KIDNEY, THEY SECRETE HORMONES CALLED CORTICOSTEROIDS. CORTICOSTEROIDS ACT ON IMMUNE SYSTEM TO SUPPRESS BODY'S RESPONSE TO INFECTION OR TRAUMA |
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EXPLAIN HYPOTHYROIDISM, AND THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS. |
UNDERUTILIZATION OF THE THYROID. FATIGUE, DRY SKIN, WEIGHT GAIN, SENSITIVITY TO COLD, IRREGULAR MENSES, AND MENTAL DETERIORATION |
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WHY IS INSULIN ADMINISTERED PARENTERALLY? |
BECAUSE IT'S DESTROYED THROUGH THE GI TRACT |
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EXPLAIN PEAK, ONSET, AND DURATION OF MEDICATION CONCENTRATION. |
ONSET: AMOUNT OF TIME BETWEEN THE TIME A DRUG IS ADMINISTERED AND FIRST SIGN OF ITS EFFECTS PEAK: HIGHEST AMOUNT OF CONCENTRATION ATTAINED FROM A DOSE. DURATION: TIME PERIOD FROM ONSET OF DRUG ACTION TO TIME WHEN RESPONSE IS NO LONGER SEEN |
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LIST THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF HYPOGLYCEMIA, AND WHEN DO THESE SIGNS USUALLY OCCUR? |
USUALLY SEEN DURING PEAK OF INSULIN ACTION; PERSPIRATION, IRRITABILITY, CONFUSION, OR BIZARRE BEHAVIOR. TREMORS, WEAKNESS, HEADACHE, TINGLING IN FINGERS. |
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LIST THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OF SULFONYLUREAS. |
PT'S WITH KNOWN LIVER OR KIDNEY IMPAIRMENT, DEBILITATED OR MALNOURISHED PT'S, PT'S WITH SEVERE INFECTION |
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EXPLAIN THE ACTION OF GLUCOPHAGE. |
(METFORMIN), WORKS BY DECREASING HEPATIC GLUCOSE OUTPUT AND ENHANCING INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN MUSCLE |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN ANTIINFECTIVE DRUG THERAPY? |
DETERMINE THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM AND THE SPECIFIC MEDS TO WHICH IT IS SENSITIVE. |
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LIST THE FOUR CLASSIFICATION OF CEPHALOSPORINS AND WHAT THEY TREAT. |
1. EFFECTIVE AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE ORGANISMS (PNEUMONIAS AND UTI'S) 2. EFFECTIVE AGAINST MANY POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA LIKE MANY STRAINS OF BACTERIAL INFLUENZA 3. MOSTLY GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA SUCH AS GONORRHEA 4. PARENTERAL CEPHALOSPORIN, MAXIPIME BOTH GRAM-POSITIVE AND GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA |
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WHAT INSTRUCTIONS SHOULD BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS BEING TREATED WITH ERYTHROMYCIN? |
G.I SIDE EFFECTS ARE EXPECTED; ADD BUTTERMILK/YOGUT TO DIET IN ORDER TO REGULATE INTESTINAL FLORA, TAKE WITH FULL GLASS OF WATER 1-2 HOURS AFTER MEALS, CHECK MEDICATION INSERT FOR DOSAGE TO BE ADMINISTERED |
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PENICILLINS ARE USED PROPHYLACTICALLY FOR WHAT DISEASES? |
RHEUMATIC FEVER AND ENDOCARDITIS |
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LIST THE CONTRAINDICATIONS OR EXTREME CAUTIONS OF QUINOLONES. |
ELDERLY PT'S (ESPECIALLY WITH G.I DISEASES OR ARTERIOSCLEROSIS), CHILDREN OR ADOLESCENTS ARE @HIGHER RISKS FOR CARTILAGE DAMAGE, PREGNANT WOMEN, LACTATING WOMEN, SEVERE RENAL IMPAIRMENT, SEIZURE DISORDERS, CARDIAC DISEASE |
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WHEN IS HISTAMINE RELEASED? |
IT'S RELEASED WHEN BODILY INJURY OCCURS FROM A PATHOGEN, CHEMICAL, OR PHYSICAL TRAUMA |
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EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ANTITUSSIVE AND AN EXPECTORANT. |
ANTITUSSIVE = CONTROL/STOP COUGH EXPECTORANT = HELPS TO THIN, STIMULATE THE FLOW OF BRONCHIAL SECRETIONS, AND EXPEL LOOSENED MUCOUS |
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HOW SHOULD TRANSDERMAL HORMONE CONTRACEPTION PATCHES BE APPLIED? WHAT SHOULD YOU ENSURE THE PATIENT UNDERSTANDS? |
APPLY 1 PATCH ONCE WEEKLY FOR 3 WEEKS, THEN 1 WEEK OFF; REPEAT CYCLE. OLD PATCH MUST BE REMOVED WHEN NEW ON IS APPLIED |
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WHY SHOULD DRINKING GRAPEFRUIT JUICE BE AVOIDED WITH MANY MEDICATIONS? |
GRAPEFRUIT JUICE CAN LOWER ACTIVITY LEVELS OF SPECIFIC ENZYMES IN THE INTESTINAL TRACT THAT NORMALLY BREAKDOWN MEDS, END UP ALLOWING LARGER AMOUNTS OF MEDS TO REACH BLOODSTREAM AND RESULT IN INCREASING DRUG ACTIVITY |
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WHICH HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS FOUND IN AF MEDICAL FACILITIES ARE AUTHORIZED TO BOTH TREAT AND ADMIT PATIENTS? |
PHYSICIANS |
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR NOTIFYING THE INPATIENT UNIT THAT A ROUTINE PATIENT IS BEING ADMITTED? |
THE PHYSICIAN (OR PHYSICIAN'S REPRESENTATIVE) |
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WHAT IS THE BASIC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A ROUTINE ADMISSION AND A DIRECT OR NEWBORN ADMISSION? |
THE ORDER IN WHICH THE VARIOUS PROCEDURES ARE CARRIED OUT. DIRECT ADMISSION = IMMEDIATE OR INTENSIVE CARE |
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WHAT TWO FACTORS DETERMINE WHERE THE PATIENT GOES AFTER FINISHING WITH THE ADMISSIONS AND DISPOSITIONS OFFICE? |
1. PT'S CONDITION 2. FACILITY'S POLICY |
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WHEN ARE PATIENTS WHO ARE NOT ELIGIBLE UNDER THE DEERS PROGRAM TREATED/ADMITTED TO AF MEDICAL FACILITIES? |
EMERGENCY CIRCUMSTANCES |
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WHAT ARE TWO ADVANTAGES OF PRE-ADMISSIONS? |
REDUCE WAITING TIME, AND FRUSTRATION ASSOCIATED WITH NORMAL ADMISSION PROCEDURES |
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WHEN SHOULD YOU BEGINE TO ASSEMBLE THE INPATIENT RECORD? |
AT THE NURSE'S DISCRETION |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE INPATIENT RECROD WHEN THERE IS NO 4 A ASSIGNED. |
KNOW WHAT PAPERWORK TO PUT INTO PT'S CHAR, HOW TO PROPERLY LABEL THE CHART AND PAPERWORK |
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WHAT ITEMS SHOULD YOU BRING TO THE BEDSIDE OF A NEWLY ADMITTED PATIENT? |
PAIR OF PJ'S, GOWN, SLIPPERS, TOWEL, WASHCLOTH, BATH BASIN, EMISIS BASIN, WATER PITCHER, CUP, URINAL/BEDPAN |
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NORMALLY, WHAT ADMISSION PROCEDURES ARE DONE BY THE ADMISSIONS NURSE AND TECHNICIAN? |
NURSE= RESPONSIBLE FOR EVALUATING THE PT AND GETTING PT'S NURSING MEDICAL HISTORY TECHNICIAN= PT'S VITAL SIGNS, HEIGHT, AND WEIGHT |
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HOW SHOULD YOU GREET A PATIENT WHEN HE OR SHE FIRST ARRIVES ON YOUR UNIT? |
FRIENDLY MANNER, INTRODUCE YOURSELF, ESCORT HIM/HER TO NURSE'S STATION
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WHERE SHOULD YOU PLACE THE CALL BELL? |
ATTACHED TO BED, WITHIN PT'S REACH |
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WHAT INFORMATION SHOULD YOU COVER WHEN ORIENTING THE PAT AND FAMILY TO YOUR UNIT? |
VISITATION, USE OF DAY ROOMS, UNIT SIGN-IN AND SIGN-OUT, PT PASSES, PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF UNIT, PROCEDURES TO FOLLOW IN AN EMERGENCY SUCH AS FIRE, SAFETY, ETC |
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WHAT ASPECTS OF THE INPATIENT UNIT ROUTINES SHOULD YOU EXPLAIN TO THE PATIENT? |
MEAL TIMES, CHECK VITAL SIGNS, GIVE A.M/P.M CARE AND TURN OUT THE LIGHTS |
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WHAT TWO METHODS ARE USED IN INPATIENT UNITES TO HELP MONITOR THE LOCATION OF PATIENTS? |
STATUS BOARD AND SIGN-OUT ROSTER |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A PT PASS? |
ALLOWS A PT TO DEPART FROM THE MED FACILITY FOR SHORT TIME USUALLY BETWEEN 24-48 HRS |
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WHO IS THE APPROVAL AUTHORITY FOR PT PASSES? |
THE PHYSICIAN |
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WHO IS IMMEDIATELY NOTIFIED WHEN A PT DOES NOT RETURN FROM A PASS? |
PHYSICIAN, ADMISSIONS OFFICE, AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS AS LOCALLY REQUIRED |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF CONVALESCENT LEAVE? |
USED FOR MINIMAL TIME ESSENTIAL TO MEET THE MEDICAL NEEDS FOR RECUPERATION |
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WHAT IS AN INTER-SERVICE TRANSFER AND WHEN DOES ONE USUALLY OCCUR? |
WHEN PHYSICIAN DETERMINES THAT THE PT REQUIRES SOME SORT OF SPECIALIZED CARE |
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WHO APPROVES A MEDICAL FACILITY TRANSFER? |
CHIEFS OF BOTH SERVICES AND COORDINATED WITH THE PT CONTROL CLERK |
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE PT'S RECORDS FOR AN AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION? |
THE ORIGINATING MTF |
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WHAT IS THE WEIGHT LIMIT FOR THE PT'S BAGGAGE DURING AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION? |
66 LBS (100 LBS IF AUTHORIZED FOR ARMED FORCES MEMBER) |
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WHAT INFORMATION IS INCLUDED IN THE NURSE'S DISCHARGE NOTE? |
NURSING OBSERVATIONS OF PT'S CONDITION, ANY FINAL TREATMENT GIVEN, AND DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN, HOW PT SHOWED UNDERSTANDING (VERBAL RESPONSE OR PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION) OF DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS |
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WHAT AF INSTRUCTIONS PROVIDES A LSIT OF FORMS TO BE ASSEMBLED AFTER THE DISCHARGE OF A PT? |
AFI 41-210 - PT ADMINISTRATION FUNCTIONS |
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WHAT IS THE AST OFFICE TO BE CLEARED BY A PATIENT WHEN DISCHARGED? |
DISPOSITION CLERK |
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WHAT INFORMATION MUST BE ON A PT'S INPATIENT RECORD? |
PT'S NAME, HOSPITAL ADMISSION REGISTER NUMBER, SSN, NAME OF TREATING FACILITY |
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WHAT FORM IS USED TO RECORD INTAKE AND OUTPUT? |
DD FORM 792 (I & O) |
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WHAT INFORMATION WOULD YOU DOCUMENT ON THE I & O FLOWSHEET WHEN STARTING AN IV ON A PATIENT? |
TIME STARTED, AMOUNT, TYPE, MEDICATIONS, AMOUNT REC'D, TIME COMPLETED, ACCUMULATION TOTAL, IRRIGATIONS |
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HOW MANY POUNDS ARE IN A KILOGRAM? |
2.2 LBS |
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WHAT TYPE OF PT MAY HAVE DAILY ABDOMINAL GIRTH MEASUREMENTS? |
CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER OR WHEN INTERNAL BLEEDING IS SUSPECTED |
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING DOCUMENTATION GUIDELINES ARE IN PLACE AND FOLLOWED? |
CHIEF NURSE |
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HOW DO YOU CORRECT AN ERROR IN A PT'S RECORD? |
LINE THROUGH THE INCORRECT INFO, WRITE CORRECT INFO NEXT TO THE LINED THROUGH INFORMATION, AND THEN INITIAL AND WRITE THE DATE THAT YOU MADE THE CORRECTION |
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WHAT DOES SOAPP STAND FOR? |
SUBJECTIVE, OBJECTIVE, ASSESSMENT, PLANNING, PREVENTION |
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WHO CAN DIAGNOSE A PT? |
A LICENSED PROVIDER |
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WHAT IS OONDS? |
OUTCOME ORIENTED NURSING DOCUMENTATION COMMONLY USED NURSING SYSTEMS FOR DOCUMENTING NURSING CARE |
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WHAT FORM DOES A PROVIDER USE TO DOCUMENT ORDER ON A PT ADMITTED TO THE HOSPITAL? |
AF FORM 3066 |
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WHAT ARE TWO USES FOR AF FORM 3066? |
1. USED TO TRANSMIT WRITTEN ORDERS FOR THE PT'S CARE AND TREATMENT TO THE NURSING PERSONNEL 2. USED TO MAINTAIN AND ESTABLISH A DRUG PROFILE ON THE PT AND TO ORDER UNIT DOSES OF MEDS |
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HOW DOES THE NURSE INDICATE THAT THE PHYSICIAN'S ORDERS HAVE BEEN CARRIED OUT?
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"NOTED" + TIME, DATE, AND SIGNATURE IN COLUMN NEXT TO PHYSICIAN'S SIGNATURE |
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WHAT FORM OR PAPERWORK WOULD YOU PLACE ON THE FRONT OF A CHART FOR A PT SCHEDULED FOR SURGERY? |
THE SURGICAL CHECKLIST |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO CATEGORIES NORMALLY FOUND ON A SURGICAL CHECKLIST? |
CLINICAL RECORDS AND PT-CARE PROCEDURES |
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WHAT IS THE OF 522 USED FOR? |
MEDICAL RECORD (OPERATIVE PERMIT) SIGNED AND WITNESSED, USED FOR CONSENT, AND TO INFORM PT WHAT IS INVOLVED AND AGREE TO PROCEDURE |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU DO WITH A PT'S LABS AND EX-RAYS THE MORNING OF SURGERY? |
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HAVE THE PT REMOVE JEWELRY, GIVE VALUABLES TO FAMILY MEMBER IF NO FAMILY MEMBER IS PRESENT, INVENTORY JEWELRY, PUT IN HOSPITAL SAFE |
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WHAT SPECIFIC ACTION WOULD YOU TAKE IF THE ABOVE PT WAS SCHEDULED FOR HAND OR ARM SURGERY? |
ENSURE THAT WEDDING RING IS REMOVED |
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WHAT DO YOU DO IF THERE IS A DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE PT'S ID BAND AND THEIR SURGICAL PAPERWORK? |
BRING TO THE ATTENTION OF THE UNIT NURSE AND CORRECT THE MISTAKE IMMEDIATELY |
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WHAT ARE NURSING ACTIVITIES DESIGNED TO DO? |
RESOLVE NURSING DIAGNOSIS |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR STEPS YOU USED WHEN YOU PLAN NURSING CARE? |
1. SET YOUR PRIORITIES 2. ESTABLISH YOUR GOALS 3. STATE THE DESIRED OBJECTIVES OR OUTCOME IN TERMS OF PT BEHAVIOR 4. SELECT NURSING ACTIVITIES THAT MEET THESE GOALS |
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HOW ARE PT PROBLEMS AND DIAGNOSIS PRIORITIZED? |
BY ESTABLISHING PRIORITY: HIGH ---> LOW PRIORITY, ALL OTHERS ARE SOMEWHERE IN BETWEEN |
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WHO SHOULD YOU CONSULT WITH WHEN YOU SET PRIORITIES AND ESTABLISH GOALS? |
THE PATIENT |
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HOW DO OBJECTIVES RELATE TO GOALS? |
LIKE GOALS, OBJECTIVES MUST BE REALISTIC AND MEASURABLE |
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WHAT QUESTIONS SHOULD YOU CONSIDER BEFORE SELECTING A NURSING ACTIVITY? |
1. WHAT TYPE OF ACTIVITY(IES) WAS/WERE USED TO TREAT PROBLEM IN THE PAST 2. HOW DO OTHER HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS FEEL ABOUT YOUR PLAN 3. IS THE ACTIVITY PT CENTERED |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE STEPS YOU SHOULD FOLLOW TO IMPLEMENT A NURSING ACTIVITY? |
1. GREET THE PT 2. EXPLAIN WHAT YOUR'RE DOING/PROCEDURE 3. CHECK PT'S I.D 4. OBSERVE PT CLOSELY AND PT'S REACTION TO PROCEDURE 5. CLEAN UP ANY MESS 6. WASH YOUR HANDS 7. REPORT YOUR ACTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS TO THE NURSE |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF THE NURSING ACTIVITY IS UNSUCCESSFUL?
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TRY TO FIND OUT WHY, WORK OUT BETTER PLAN |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE MAJOR GOALS DURING THE PREOPERATIVE PERIOD? |
PREPARE PT MENTALLY, PHYSICALLY, AND SPIRITUALLY |
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WHAT TWO EMOTIONS CAN INTERFERE WITH THE PT'S RESPONSE TO SURGERY? |
FEAR AND ANXIETY |
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WHAT NURSING INTERVENTION CAN HELP TO RELIEVE MOST OF THE PT'S CONCERNS PRIOR TO SURGERY? |
PT EDUCATION |
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WHEN DO PATIENTS BEGIN TO WORRY ABOUT SURGERY? |
AFTER VISITING HOURS WHEN THE PT IS ALONE |
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WHAT DOES THE PROVIDER OFTEN DO TO HELP A PATIENT RELAX AND SLEEP PRIOR TO THE NIGHT BEFORE SURGERY? |
ORDER SOME FORM OF MEDICATION THAT HELPS THE PT TO RELAX AND SLEEP SOUNDLY |
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WHAT CAN YOU, THE MEDICAL TECHNICIAN, DO TO COMFOR A PATIENT CONCERNED ABOUT THEIR SURGERY? |
FRIENDLY SMILE, LISTEN TO THE PT, BE KIND, CARING, AND PROFESSIONAL |
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WHAT BEDSIDE ACTIVITY NORMALLY TAKES PLACE THE DAY OR NIGHT BEFORE SURGERY? |
THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST OR ANESTHETIST VISITS THE PT THE PT MEETS MEMBERS OF THE O.R TEAM |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY PURPOSE FOR TREATMENT AND MEDICATIONS GIVEN TO A PRE-OP PT? |
TO PREPARE THE BODY FOR SURGERY |
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WHY IS A CHEST X-RAY TAKEN PRIOR TO SURGERY? |
TO RULE OUT ANY LUNG DISEASE; ANY LUNG DISEASE CAN PRESENT RESPIRATORY DIFFICULTIES AFTER A PT IS ANESTHETIZED |
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WHAT ROUTINE LABS ARE FREQUENTLY COMPLETED THE DAY BEFORE SURGERY? |
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) AND URINALYSIS |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A PRE-OP URINALYSIS? |
GIVES SURGEONS FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT THE BLOOD AS WELL AS THE FUNCTIONING OF THE KIDNEYS |
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WHAT PREOPERATIVE ACTION DO MOST PATIENTS PERFORM THE EVENING BEFORE SURGERY? |
SHOWER/BATHE |
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WHAT IS INVOLVED IN PREPARING THE SKIN FOR SURGERY? |
CLEAN, DISINFECT, SHAVE (REMOVE HAIR) |
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WHAT MAY HAPPEN IF THE SKIN IS SCRATCHED OR NICKED NEAR THE SURGICAL SITE PRIOR TO SURGERY? |
IT BECOMES A NEST FOR GROWTH OF BACTERIA, INCREASES CHANCES OF INFECTION BEING CARRIED OUT INTO THE INCISION |
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WHAT PREPARATION NORMALLY DIFFERS IN A PEDIATRIC PT FROM AN ADULT? |
THE PEDIATRIC PT MAY REMAIN IN OWN PJ'S UNTIL AFTER ANESTHESIA INDUCTION |
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WHAT ACTION MUST BE TAKEN ONCE THE PREMED IS GIVEN? |
BED SIDE RAILS GO UP ON PT'S BED |
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WHAT ARE SOME TYPICAL PROCEDURES IN "SAME DAY" SURGERY UNITS? |
MYRINGOTOMY, ODONTECTOMY (TOOTH REMOVAL), AND CYTOSCOPY |
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WHAT ARE THE NORMAL STEPS FOR APPLYING ELASTIC STOCKINGS? |
GATHER SUPPLIES, CHECK DOC'S ORDERS FOR TYPE OF STOCKINGS, MEASURE PT'S LEG LENGTH AND CIRCUMFERENCE, CLEAN PT'S LEGS, DRY, APPLY POWDER, APPLY FROM HEEL TO FOOT (NO WRINKLES), FIT OVER ANKLE AND CALF |
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WHAT IS THE GOAL OF CARE PROVIDED DURING THE IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD? |
AIMED AT PREVENTION AND DETECTION OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS |
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WHAT THREE POSSIBILITIES SHOULD YOU SUSPECT IF THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF A POSTOPERATIVE PT BEGINS TO DROP? |
1. IS PT LOSING BLOOD FROM SEVERED BLOOD VESSEL 2. ARE DRUGS OR ANESTHETIC AGENT DEPRESSING ACTION OF THE HEART 3. IS THE PT IN SHOCK |
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LIST THE THREE SIGNS OF SHOCK. |
1. PALE 2. COOL 3. CLAMMY |
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HOW DO YOU DETERMINE THE PT'S LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS? |
LOC = ASK QUESTIONS SUCH AS PT'S NAME, THE DATE, PT'S CURRENT LOCATION |
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LIST SEVERAL ITEMS NEEDED IN THE PT'S ROOM PRIOR TO HIS OR HER RETURN FROM THE RECOVERY ROOM. |
VITAL SIGNS EQUIPMENT WATERPROOF BED PROTECTOR I & O SHEET EMESIS BASIN VITAL SIGNS RECORD O2 REGULATOR SUCTION REGULATOR |
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WHAT OBSERVATIONS MUST YOU MAKE UPON THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE POSTOPERATIVE PATIENT? |
AMOUNT AND TYPE OF INTRAVENOUS SOLUTION INFUSING PT'S SKIN TEMPERATURE AND COLOR OBSERVE DRESSING FOR BLEEDING CHECK ANY AND ALL DRAINAGE TUBES AND BAGS |
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ON WHAT TYPES OF PT'S CAN YOU CONDUCT A NEUROLOGICAL EXAM? |
CONCIOUS AND UNCONCIOUS |
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WHAT DOES PERRLA STAND FOR? |
PUPILS EQUAL ROUND REACTIVE TO LIGHT ACCOMODATION |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF USING A PULSE OXIMETRY/OXYGEN SATURATION DEVICE? |
TO RAPIDLY DETERMINE PULSE AND O2 PROFUSION
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WHEN ARE PNEUMATIC STOCKINGS NORMALLY USED? |
USED ON HIGH-RISK PT'S WHO ARE UNDERGOING GENERAL ANESTHESIA, IN THE OR, OR POST SURGICAL |
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WHAT ARE THREE IMPORTANT POSTOPERATIVE EXERCISES? |
1. TURNING 2. COUGHING 3. DEEP BREATHING EXERCISES |
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WHAT IS A TRANSFUSION? |
IV ADMINISTRATION OF WHOLE BLOOD OR BLOOD PRODUCTS. RESTORES LOST BLOOD VOLUME OR TREATS A VARIETY OF CONDITIONS |
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HOW IS PLASMA SUPPLIED? |
IN 225 CC UNITS AS POOLED, FRESH, FROZEN, OR SINGLE-DONOR PLASMA |
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WHAT IS WHOLE BLOOD MIED WITH AFTER IT IS COLLECTED FROM A DONOR? |
ANTICOAGULANT |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP IN THE ACTUAL TRANSFUSION PROCESS? |
COMPATIBILITY TESTING |
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ONCE A TRANSFUSION IS INITIATED, HOW LONG SHOULD IT RUN SLOWLY? |
15-30 MINUTES |
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BESIDES BEING UNCOMFORTABLE, PAIN CAUSES OTHER PROBLEMS. LIST THREE. |
1. RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS 2. CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS 3. NAUSEA 4. VOMITTING 5. PT AGITATION 6. DELIRIUM |
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CITE THREE AREAS THAT TYPICALLY CAUSE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN. |
SKIN/SUBCUTANEOUS PAIN FROM INCISION, IV SITE FROM NEEDLE, AIRWAY RESPIRATORY TRACT PAIN FROM DRYING AGENTS, ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES, NASOGASTRIC TUBES, OR ORAL AND NASAL AIRWAYS |
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LIST THREE WAYS IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PAIN IS MANAGED WITH MEDICATION. |
1. INJECTING LONG DURATION, LOCAL, ANESTHETIC AGENT INTO TISSUE SURROUNDING THE INCISION JUST BEFORE WOUND CLOSURE 2. CONTINUOUS EPIDURAL CATHETER, NARCOTICS 3. INJECTING NARCOTICS IM, OR IV |
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WHAT IS EMERGENCE DELIRIUM? |
WHEN PT'S EMERGE FROM GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN AN AGITATED OR EXCITED STATE (EXTREMELY RESTLESS, CRY, MOAN, INCESSANTLY, BABBLE INCOHERENT) |
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CITE FIVE FACTORS OR CAUSES THAT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO EMERGENCE DELIRIUM. |
1. HYPOXEMIA 2. DRUGS 3. PT'S WHO ARE AFRAID OF CANCER 4. DISFIGUREMENT 5. CALUSTROPHOBIC |
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LIST AT LEAST THREE ACTIONS NURSING PERSONNEL CAN TAKEN WHEN A PT EXHIBITS SIGNS OF EMERGENCE DELIRIUM. |
1. CHECK THE AIRWAY AND ADMINISTER O2 TO TREAT HYPOXIA 2. USED RESTRAINING DEVICES IN NECESSARY 3. SIDE RAILS |
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SPECIFY FIVE SIDE EFFECTS OF A PT VOMITING. |
1. INCREASES RECOVERY TIME 2. INCREASES RISK OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION 3. INCREASES RISK OF ASPIRATION 4. CAUSES ABDOMINAL MUSCLE CRAMPS |
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WHAT ARE TWO MAIN CAUSES OF NAUSEA AND VOMITING IN THE SURGICAL PATIENT? |
1. ROUGH HANDLING OF THE PT DURING TRANSPORT 2. FREQUENT POSITION CHANGES IN RECOVERY ROOM |
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WHAT IS ONE OF THE EASIEST AND MOST EFFECTIVE TREATMENTS FOR A PATIENT EXPERIENCING NAUSEA? |
PLACE COOL, WET WASHCLOTH OR HAND TOWEL ON PT'S FOREHEAD AND REASSURE HIM OR HER. ALWAYS REMAIN CLOSE BY |
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LIST THE FIVE STEPS YOU TAKE IF A PT VOMITS AFTER SURGERY? |
1. IMMEDIATELY TURN HIS/HER HEAD TO ONE SIDE 2. LOWER HEAD OF BED TO REDUCE CHANCES OF ASPIRATION 3. CAN'T CLEAR VOMITUS? ORAL SUCTIONING IS INDICATED 4. VOMIT EPISODE OVER? ADMINISTER O2, EVALUATE BREATHING WITH STETHOSCOPE |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS HYPOTHERMIA CAN HAVE ON A PATIENT. |
INTENSIFIES DEPRESSANT EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS, SLOWING RESPERS, AND CAUSING PT TO SHIVER UNCONTROLLABLY, MUSCLE ACTIVITY CAUSED BY SHIVERING QUADRUPLES O2 USE. |
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WHAT IS THE MAIN TREATMENT FOR EXCESSIVELY HIGH BODY TEMPERATURES? |
RAPID COOLING OF BODY (WIPE OR WRAP SKIN W/TOWELS SATURATED IN COLD STERILE SALINE, INTERNAL IRRIGATION OF BODY CAVITIES AND ORIFICES...) |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE EFFECTS SEVERE DEHYDRATION CAN HAVE ON THE BODY? |
BLOOD PRESSURE FALLS AND HEART RATE INCREASES (TACHYCARDIA) IF LEFT UNTREATED, SEIZURES, COMA, AND DEATH FOLLOW |
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WHAT SIGNS CAN A PATIENT WITH EXTREME FLUID OVERLOAD EXHIBIT? |
FROTHY PINK SPUTUM, OBVIOUS RESPIRATORY DISTRESS, ELEVATED CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE, AND A FLUFFY LOOKING CHEST X-RAY |
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WHAT MEASURE ARE INCLUDED IN THE TREATMENT FOR FLUID OVERLOAD? |
INTUBATION, PROVIDING POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION WHILE ADMINISTERING A DIURETIC SUCH AS FUROSEMIDE (LASIX), AND OPIODS SUCH AS MORPHINE |
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WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN CAUSES OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION AFTER SURGERY? |
TONUGE, MUCUS SECRETIONS, OR POSTURE |
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HOW LONG IS AN ORAL AIRWAY LEFT IN A PT'S MOUTH FOLLOWING SURGERY? |
UNTIL THE PT REGAINS SUFFICIENT RELFEX RESPONSES TO SPIT OR PULL AIRWAY OUT |
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WHAT SIZE SUCTION CATHETERS ARE NORMALLY USED ON ADULT PATIENTS? |
14, 16, 18 (FRENCH) |
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WHY DO YOU ASPIRATE A SMALL AMOUNT OF SALINE INTO SUCTION CATHETER BEFORE AND BETWEEN USES? |
ENSURES SUCTION DEVICE IS FUNCTIONING PROPERLY AND LUBRICATES THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE CATHETER |
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WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO AVOID APPLYING SUCTION TO A SUCTION CATHETER DURING INSERTION? |
REMOVES O2 AND COULD CAUSE TRAUMA TO THE MUCOSAL TISSUES |
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WHEN PERFORMING OROPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING, WHAT IS THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF TIME YOU APPLY SUCTIONING? |
10-15 SECONDS AT A TIME |
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BEFORE PERFORMING NASOPHARYNGEAL SUCTIONING, HOW CAN YOU APPROXIMATE THE LENGTH OF CATHETER THAT NEEDS TO BE INSERTED TO REACH THE PHARYNX? |
NOTING DISTANCE BETWEEN TIP OF NOSE AND EXTERNAL EAR OPENING |
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WHY IS STRICT ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE REQUIRED FOR INTRATRACHEAL SUCTIONING? |
TO PREVENT INTRODUCTION OF POTENTIAL PATHOGENS DEEP INTO PT'S RESPIRATORY TRACTS |
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WHAT DO YOU DO TO ENSURE A CONSCIOUS PT IS WELL-VENTILATED PRIOR TO SUCTIONING OUT THE TRACHEA? |
ASK PT TO TAKE 4-5 DEEP BREATHS WHILE BREATHING HUMIDIFIED O2 |
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WHEN PERFORMING INTRATRACHEAL SUCTIONING, HOW CAN YOU DETERMINE WHEN THE CATHETER IS PROPERLY POSITIONED IN FRONT OF THE LARNYX? |
LISTEN FOR DEEP BREATH SOUNDS AND BY FEELING MORE AIR COMING FROM THE OPEN SUCTION PORT @BASE OF CATHETER |
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LIST THREE FACTORS THAT CAN RESULT IN AN ORTHOPAEDIC PROBLEM. |
CONGENITAL PROBLEMS, INFECTIOUS DISEAS, TRAUMA AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE |
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WHAT IS A FRACTURE THAT RESULTS FROM DISEASE CALLED? |
PATHOLOGIC FRACTURE |
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LIST THREE SYMPTOMS OF A FRACTURE. |
PAIN, SWELLING, DISCOLORATION |
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WHY IS EXERCISE IMPORTANT TO THE PATIENT WITH ARTHRITIS? |
IT KEEPS THE MUSCLES TONED AND PREVENTS CONTRACTURES AND DEFORMITIES |
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WHAT CONDITION IS INDICATED IF A PATIENT COMPLAINS OF PAIN THAT INCREASES WITH ACTIVITY? |
INDICATION OF JOINT PAIN |
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WHAT ACTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE WHEN YOUR PATIENT COMPLAINS OF PAIN? |
ASSESS THE PAIN, REPORT FINDINGS TO THE CHARGE NURSE OF PHYSICIAN |
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HOW DOES INFLAMMATION AFFECT MOVEMENT OF BODY PARTS? |
LIMITS JOINT ROTATION AND CAUSES FIBROUS TISSUE TO FORM, PRODUCING FIBROUS OR BONY ANKYLOSIS (ABNORMAL RIGIDITY OF JOINT) |
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WHAT INFORMATION SHOULD YOU OBTAIN REGARDING DEFORMITY? |
1. WHEN WAS DEFORMITY NOTED? 2. WAS ONSET ACCOMPANIED BY INJURY? 3. IS DEFORMITY INCREASING OR DECREASING? 4. IS PARALYSIS PERSISTANT? |
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WHAT DOES THE TERM CREPITUS MEAN? |
BONE MAKES NOISES DURING MOVEMENT |
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WHAT IS THE FIRST LEVEL OF CARE PROVIDED FOR INJURIES OF THE JOINT? |
ADEQUATE TRANSPORTATION AND SPLINTING TO PREVENT FURTHER DAMAGE TO SOFT TISSUES BY BONE FRAGMENTS |
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WHAT FIVE FACTORS DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF TIME REQUIRED FOR A FRACTURE TO HEAL? |
1. EXTENT OF INJURY 2. LOCATION OF FRACTURE 3. AGE OF PT 4. SIZE OF BONE 5. CIRCULATION TO THE AREA |
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DEFINE THE TERM REDUCTION. |
SETTING THE BONE |
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HOW IS CLOSED REDUCTION PERFORMED? |
SETTING OF THE BONE BY MANIPULATION AND MANUAL TRACTION, CAST OR SPLINT IS APPLIED TO MAINTAIN ALIGNMENT WHILE HEALING TAKES PLACE (DOES NOT REQUIRE SURGERY) |
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DEFINE OPEN REDUCTION. |
SURGICAL PROCEDURE TO SET, ALIGN AND STABILIZE THE FRACTURE. INTERNAL FIXATION MAY BE NECESSARY TO ALIGN BONE FRAGMENTS |
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WHAT EQUIPMENT IS NEEDED TO APPLY A PLASTER OF PARIS CAST? |
BUCKETS OF TEPID WATER, LARGE BANDAGE SCISSORS, STOCKINET OR SHEET WADDING, FELT PADDING, ROLLS OF PLASTER BANDAGE OF DESIRED WIDTH |
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WHAT SKIN PREPARATION SHOULD YOU COMPLETE PRIOR TO APPLYING A PLASTER CAST? |
CLEAN, DRY, PROTECT W/ STOCKINET OR SHEET WADDING |
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HOW MUCH TIME IS REQUIRED FOR COMPLETE DRYING OF A CAST? |
24-48 HRS |
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WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR WHEN YOU ARE INSPECTING EXTREMITIES THAT HAVE BEEN CASTED? |
CIRCULATORY IMPAIRMENT AND PRESSURE ON BODY TISSUES, ESPECIALLY OVER BONY PARTS; LOOK FOR BLUENESS, SWELLING, COLDNESS |
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WHAT TYPE OF ORTHOPEDIC PATIENT REQUIRES SPECIAL SKIN CARE? |
PATIENT THAT'S IN A CAST OR TRACTION |
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HOW DO YOU DETECT AN INFECTION ON A BODY AREA THAT IS INSIDE OF A CAST? |
BY SMELLING THE CASE FOR OFFENSIVE ODOR |
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HOW SHOULD YOU TREAT THE SKIN AFTER A CAST IS REMOVED? |
GENTLY WASH AREA WITH SOAP AND WATER PT MAY COMPLAIN OF SORENESS AND WEAKNESS FOR SEVERAL DAYS AFTER CAST IS REMOVED |
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WHAT IS BUCK'S EXTENSION? |
SKIN TRACTION APPLIED TO THE LEG AS A TEMPORARY FOR FRACTURES OF THE UPPER PORTION OF THE SHAFT OF THE FEMUR |
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WHAT IS A RUSSELL TRACTION |
SKIN TRACTION FOR TREATING SOME FRACTURES OF THE SHAFT AND NECK OF THE FEMUR |
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WHAT IS AN ARM TRACTION? |
SKIN TRACTION USED FOR FRACTURES OF THE SHAFT OF THE HUMERUS |
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WHAT IS THE HEAD HALTER TRACTION? |
TRACTION FOR CERVICAL SPINE DISORDERS |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A BALKAN FRAME? |
USED FOR THE PLACEMENT OF PULLEYS AND OVERHEAD TRAPEZE; IT ENCOURAGES SELF-HELP ON THE PART OF THE PT |
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WHAT ARE SPLINTS? |
SPLINTS ARE MOST OFTEN USED TO SUPPORT AND IMMOBILIZE EXTREMITIES DURING EMERGENCIES. |
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WHAT ARE ARTIFICIAL LIMBS? |
ARTIFICIAL LIMBS ARE USED AFTER THE AMPUTATION OF AN EXTREMITY. |
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WHAT ARE ORTHOPEDIC BEDS? |
ORTHOPEDIC BEDS INCLUDE THE STRYKER FRAME AND THE CircOlectric |
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WHAT ARE CRUTCHES? |
THEY SERVE AS LEGS FOR AN INDEFINITE PERIOD OF TIME |
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WHAT IS AN AMPUTATION AND WHY IS IT USUALLY DONE? |
SURGICAL REMOVAL OF ALL OR PART OF AN EXTREMITY USUALLY DUE TO TRAUMA OR DISEASE TO THE LIMB |
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WHAT IS THE NURSING TEAM'S GOAL FOR THE PATIENT WITH AN AMPUTATION? |
HELP THE PT ATTAIN THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL OF INDEPENDENCE |
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DEFINE PHANTOM LIMB PAIN. |
MOSTLY EXPERIENCED BY THE PATIENT WHO WAS EXPERIENCING PAIN PRIOR TO SURGERY |
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DEFINE PHANTOM LIMB SENSATIONS. |
FEELINGS OF ACHING, TINGLING, OR ITCHING IN THE MISSING LIMB |
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WHAT ARE THE IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE GOALS FOR THE AMPUTEE? |
PREVENTION OF HEMORRHAGE, INFECTION, AND CONTRACTURES ARE IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE GOALS |
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WHAT IS PARALYSIS? |
THE LOSS OF SENSATION AND/OR THE ABILITY TO MOVE A PART OF THE BODY |
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LIST FIVE CAUSES OF PARALYSIS. |
1. TRAUMA 2. INFECTION 3. SPINAL CORD TUMORS 4. DISEASE 5. CONGENITAL DEFECTS |
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WHAT BODY FUNCTION MUST BE MONITORED CAREFULLY FOR THE FIRST 48 HOURS AFTER A SPINAL CORD INJURY? |
RESPIRATORY, CARDIAC, AND GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTIONING |
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WHY ARE PATIENTS, WHO HAVE BEEN PLACED IN SKELETAL TRACTION TO IMMOBILIZE THE SPINE, PLACED ON A SPECIA BED SUCH AS A STRYKER FRAME? |
TO HELP PREVENT SORES, CARDIORESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS, MUSCLE ATROPHY, AND URNARY COMPLICATIONS |
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WHAT ARE THE TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF A STROKE? |
ISCHEMIA OR HEMORRHAGE IN THE BRAIN |
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WHAT IS THE PRIMARY GOAL DURING THE ACUTE STAGE OF A STROKE? |
TO SUSTAIN LIFE |
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WHAT NEUROLOGICAL CHECKS NEED TO BE DONE FREQUENTLY ON A STROKE PATIENT? |
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, PUPIL REACTIONS, HAND-GRIP STRENGTH, AND FOOT STRENGTH |
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LIST FOUR STRESSOR THAT INFLUENCE THE WAY CHILDREN COPE WITH HOSPITALIZATION? |
1. SEPARATION
2. LOSS OF CONTROL 3. BODILY INJURY 4. PAIN
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NAME THE THREE PHASES OF SEPARATION ANXIETY. |
1. PROTEST PHASE 2. DESPAIR PHSE 3. DETACHMENT PHASE |
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WHAT IDEAL SITUATION HELPS A CHILD COPE WITH SEPARATION ANXIETY? |
"ROOMING-IN" WHERE THE PARENT CAN STAY WITH THE CHILD 24 HRS/DAY |
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WHAT CAN CAUSE A CHILD TO FEEL A SENSE OF "LOSS OF CONTROL?" |
PHYSICAL RESTRICTIONS, ALTERED ROUTINES, AND DEPENDENCY |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR SIGNS THAT INDICATE AN INFANT MAY BE EXPERIENCING PAIN? |
INFANT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS: 1. OPEN MOUTH 2. EYES TIGHTLY CLOSED 3. FLARING NOSTILS 4. LOUD CRYING |
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WHICH AGE GROUP WILL MOST LIKELY ACT VERY EMOTIONALLY TO PAIN? |
TODDLERS AND PRESCHOOLERS |
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WHICH OF THE VITAL SIGNS IS TAKEN FIRST FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS? WHY? |
RESPIRATIONS, BECAUSE PULSE AND TEMP MAY UPSET PEDIATRIC PT |
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HOW IS THE PULSE TAKEN ON CHILDREN LESS THAN TWO YEARS OF AGE? |
APICAL RATES ARE AUSCULTATED OVER THE APEX OF THE HEART; TAKEN FOR ONE FULL MINUTE IOT ENSURE ACCURACY |
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WHICH METHOD OF TEMPERATURE ASSESSMENT IS THE EASIEST FOR CHILDREN? |
AXILLARY |
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WHAT IMPORTANT FACTOR OF BLOOD PRESSURE ASSESSMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO OBTAINING ACCURATE RESULTS? |
CHOOSING AN APPROPRIATELY SIZED CUFF (NEVER SMALL, BUT A LITTLE BIG IS OKAY) |
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HOW CAN YOU PREVENT SLIPPING IN THE BATH TUB? |
PLACING A TOWEL OR NON-SLIP PAD ON BOTTON OF TUB |
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WHAT NURSING INTERVENTION CAN HELP PREVEN DEHYDRATION WHEN A CHILD HAS ANOREXIA? |
OFFER SMALL AMOUNTS OF FLAVORED LIQUIDS AT FREQUENT INTERVALS |
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WHAT ARE TWO CAUSES OF TEMPERATURE ELEVATIONS IN CHILDREN AND WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO? |
FEVER AND HYPERTHERMIA; FEVER IS A COMMON SYMPTOM ILLNESS IN CHILDREN, AND HYPERTHERMIA IS CAUSED BY EXTERNAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS HEAT STROKE, ASPIRIN TOXICITY, AND HYPERTHYROIDISM |
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WHEN THE PATIENT HAS HYPERTHERMIA, WHAT CAN BE DONE TO HELP LOWER THE BODY'S CORE TEMPERATURE? |
COOLING MEASURES: COOLING BLANKETS AND MATTRESSES, COOL APPLICATIONS APPLIED IN A TUB, OR BED, AND TEPID BATHS |
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WHAT IS THE TARGET TEMPERATURE OF A TEPID BATH? |
98.6 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT (37 DEGREES CELSIUS) |
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HOW LONG IS A TEPID BATH GIVEN? |
20-30 MINUTES |
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WHY DON'T YOU WANT A CHILD WITH A TEMPERATURE ELEVATION TO SHIVER? |
BECAUSE SHIVERING CAUSES THE MUSCLES TO TWITCH AND CONTRACT CAUSING AN INCREASE IN BODY TEMPERATURE |
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WHAT ARE THREE REASONS FOR THE USE OF RESTRAINTS? |
1. ENSURE SAFETY 2. FACILITATE EXAMS 3. CARRY OUT PROCEDURES |
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WHAT TYPE OF RESTRAINT IS USED TO PREVENT THE CHILD FROM REACHING HIS OR HER FACE OR HEAD, OR TO PREVENT THE CHILD FROM SCRATCHING?
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ELBOW RESTRAINT |
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WHAT IS PROBABLY THE GREATEST CAUSE OF FEAR AND ANXIETY IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT? |
UNCERTAINTY OF THE FUTURE OR PROGNOSIS OF A DISORDER |
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WHAT ARE FIVE PHYSICAL NEEDS OF A GASTRIC PATIENT? |
1. PERSONAL HYGINE 2. REST AND SLEEP 3. ELIMINATION 4. NUTRITION 5. EXERCISE |
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WHAT SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR A BACK-RUB ON AN ELDERLY PATIENT? |
ALCOHOL |
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WHAT TWO BENEFITS DOES THE PATIENT RECEIVE FROM FREQUENT ORAL HYGIENE? |
REDUCES BACTERIAL GROWTH AND REFRESHES THE PATIENT; STIMULATES THE APPETITE |
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WHAT ARE THREE REASONS AN ELDERLY PATIENT MIGHT HAVE DIFFICULTY WITH REGULAR BOWEL ELIMINATIONS? |
1. LACK OF PROPER EXERCISE 2. REDUCED MUSCLE TONE IN THE G.I TRACT 3. LESS ROUGHAGE AND FLUID IN THE DIET |
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WHAT IS PROBABLY THE GREATEST STIMULANT TO THE APPETITE OF AN ELDERLY PATIENT? |
THE WAY IN WHICH THE MEAL IS SERVED; SERVE AN ATTRACTIVE MEAL, CONSIDER PT'S LIKES AND DISLIKES |
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WHAT IS PROBABLY TE GREATEST CAUSE OF FEAR AND ANXIETY IN AN ELDERLY PATIENT? |
FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN |
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WHERE DO YOU PLACE YOURSELF WHEN WALKING WITH A BLIND PATIENT? |
WALK SLIGHTLY AHEAD OF THEM. |
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WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES? |
TYPE 1: INSULIN DEPENDENT TYPE 2: NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT |
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LIST 4 COMMON COMPLICATIONS OF UNCONTROLLED DIABETES. |
1. RETINAL CHANGES (LEADING CAUSE OF BLINDNESS) 2. KIDNEY DISEASE 3. NERVE DAMAGE 4. CIRCULATORY DISORDERS A. STROKE B. HEART ATTACK C. SLOW WOUND HEALING D. HYPERTENSION |
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LIST FIVE NEEDS OF THE TERMINALLY ILL PATIENT? |
1. SPIRITUAL 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL 3. CULTUREAL 4. ECONOMIC 5. PHYSICAL |
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HOW DO SOME PATIENTS FIND THE COURAGE AND STRENGTH TO FACE DEATH? |
THROUGH RELIGIOUS BELIEFS |
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WHAT ARE THE FIVE EMOTIONAL STAGES OF DEATH AND DYING? |
DABDA 1. DENIAL 2. ANGER 3. BARGAINING 4. DEPRESSION 5. ACCEPTANCE |
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HOW CAN HEIGHT AND WEIGHT INFLUENCE A PERSON'S PERSONALITY? |
EFFECTS HOW A PERSON FEELS ABOUT THEMSELVES, DEPENDING ON HOW THEY FEEL ABOUT THOSE TRAITS, THEY MAY FEEL THAT THE REST OF THE WORLD VIEWS THEM THE SAME WAY. |
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WHAT ARE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS? |
ALL OF THE OUTSIDE INFLUENCES AND CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT A PERSON'S LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT (THE PEOPLE A PERSON MEETS, PARENTS, HOUSE THEY LIVE IN, ETC) |
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HOW DO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCE PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT? |
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CREATE/SHAPE EXPERIENCES FOR US; NOT ALL EXPERIENCES ARE THE SAME NOR ARE ALL POSITIVE |
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WHAT IS ANXIETY? |
A COMPLEX EMOTIONAL STATE OF TENSION OR UNEASINESS, THE CAUSE OF WHICH IS NOT RECOGNIZED |
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WHAT IS CONFLICT? |
A STATE OF INDECISION THAT ARISES WHEN AN INDIVIDUAL IS CONFRONTED BY ALTERNATIVES OF ACTION OR BY CONTRADICTORY IDEAS OR IDEALS |
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WHAT IS HALLUCINATION? |
A FALSE SENSORY PERCEPTION OCCURRING WITHOUT EXTERNAL STIMULUS |
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WHAT IS MANIA? |
A STATE OF IDENTIFIED BY FEELINGS OF ELATION AND WELL BEING, FLIGHT OF IDEAS, AND PHYSICAL OVERACTIVITY |
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DEFINE NEUROTIC. |
PERTAINING TO OR AFFECTED WITH NEUROSIS |
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WHAT IS PHOBIA? |
A FIXED MORBID FEAR OF AN OBJECT OF AN OBJECT OR SITUATION |
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DEFINE PSYCHOTIC. |
PERTAINING TO OR CAUSED BY PSYCHOSIS |
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WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? |
A PSYCHOTIC DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY DISORIENTATION AND DISORGANIZED PATTERNS OF THINKING |
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WHAT IS A STUPOR? |
PARTIAL OR ALMOST COMPLETE UNCONSCIOUSNESS; A STATE OF REDUCED RESPONSIVENESS |
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HOW SHOULD YOU REACT TO A PATIENT WHO BECOMES VERBALLY OR PHYSICALLY ABUSIVE? |
DON'T RETALIATE TO THEIR VERBAL ABUSES, DISTRACT THESE PTS AND TRY TO CHANNEL THEIR ENERGY INTO SAFE, NON-STIMULATING OUTLETS, BE FIRM BUT KIND, PROVIDE TRANQUIL SURROUNDINGS. |
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WHAT TYPE OF PERSON NEEDS SECURITY, SELF-ESTEEM, RECOGNITION, LOVE, AND AFFECTION? |
MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS (PT'S W/MENTAL DISORDERS) |
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WHAT ARE PHYSICAL NEEDS? |
THE NEED FOR BATHING, ORAL HYGIENE, AND CARE OF THE NAILS AND HAIR |
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WHAT ARE CULTURAL AND SOCIAL NEEDS? |
A PERSON'S STRONG PREFERENCE FOR A CERTAIN TYPE OF FOOD, MUSIC, OR ART |
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WHAT ARE REHABILITATION NEEDS? |
SPECIFIC NEEDS DETERMINED BY THE SEVERITY OF THE PATIENT'S ILLNESS |
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WHAT ARE EMOTIONAL NEEDS? |
SECURITY, SELF-ESTEEM, LOVE, AND AFFECTION |
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WHAT ARE THE ABCS OF OBSERVING AND REPORTING THE PATIENT'S CONDITION? |
APPEARANCE OF THE PT, BEHAVIOR OF THE PT, CONVERSATION OF THE PT |
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HOW EXACT SHOULD YOUR REPORTS ABOUT THE PATIENT BE? |
JUST THAT, EXACT! REPORT EXACTLY HOW PT APPEARS, EXACTLY WHAT PT DOES, AND, AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, THE EXACT WORDS PT USES. BE OBJECTIVE |
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WHAT ARE THE BASIC PURPOSES OF PATIENT RESTRAINTS? |
PROTECT PT'S OR OTHERS FROM HARM, TO GIVE CERTAIN NECESSARY. TREATMENT OR TO RESTRAIN THEM FROM TRAVELING WHEN THEIR CONDITION AND THE CONDITIONS OF TRAVEL MAKE RESTRAINTS NECESSARY |
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HOW DOES THE FREQUENT USE OF RESTRAINTS REFLECT THE QUALITY OF NURSING CARE? |
FREQUENT USE OF RESTRAINTS = THE MORE DEGRADED THE CARE IS |
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WHEN SHOULD RESTRAINTS BE REMOVED? |
AS SOON AS THE PHYSICIAN FEELS THEIR REMOVAL IS ADVISABLE |
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WHY MUST ANYONE CARING FOR MENTALLY ISS PATIENTS BE FAMILIAR WITH PROCEDURES USED TO HANDLE PHYSICAL EMERGENCIES? |
EACH PHYSICAL AILMENT OR SITUATION REQUIRES AN APPROPRIATE TREATMENT |
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WHAT WORD IS USED TO INDICATE THAT A MENTALLY ILL PATIENT LEFT THE NURSING UNIT WITHOUT PERMISSION? |
ELOPEMENT |
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WHAT ACTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE IF YOU DISCOVER A PATIENT HAS TAKEN A POISON AND THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS? |
1. START RESUCITATIVE PROCEDURES 2. NOTIFY THE PHYSICIAN 3. TRY TO LOCATE THE TYPE AMOUNT OF DRUG OR POISON, IF POSSIBLE |
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IN MOST CASES, WHY DO PARENTS ABUSE THEIR CHILDREN? |
BECAUSE THEY (THE PARENTS) KNOW OF NO OTHER WAY TO COPE W/THE SITUATION AT HAND (LACK SKILLS AND ABILITIES NECESSARY TO PROVIDE EMOTIONALLY FOR THEMSELVES) |
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DESCRIBE HOW YOU WOULD CARE FOR AN ABUSED CHILD WHO DOES NOT TRUST ANYONE. |
SHOW CONSISTENCY IN YOUR CARE. SHOWING ACCEPTANCE AND TENDERNESS TOWARD THE CHILD IS VERY IMPORTANT |
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DESCRIBE THIRD DEGREE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE. |
LEAST TRAUMATIC; CONSISTS OF NUDITY, DISROBING, GENITAL EXPOSURE, OBSERVATION OF THE CHILD IN A STATE OF UDRESS, INTIMATE KISSING OF A CHILD, FONDLING, AND PORNOGRAPHY |
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WHEN A CHILD DISCLOSES THAT HE OR SHE WAS SEXUALLY ABUSED, WHY TYPE OF ATTITUDE SHOULD YOU AS A MEDIC DISPLAY? |
RESPOND WITH A NON-JUDGEMENTAL ATTITUDE, EXPLAIN THAT THE ABUSE WAS NOT HIS OR HER FAULT (THE ADULT OR ABUSER ALWAYS IS) |
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DESCRIBE THE CYCLE OF SPOUSE ABUSE. |
OCCURS TIME AFTER TIME IN A PREDICTABLE CYCLE; TENSION BUILD-UP + STRESS = BREAKING POINTS |
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WHAT TYPE OF BEHAVIOR CAN YOU EXPECT OF A PERSON WHO ABUSES HIS OR HER SPOUSE? |
DISPLAY DISTRUST, ISOLATE THEMSELVES FROM OTHERS, WILL NOT ASK FOR HELP IN A CRISIS, AND DO NOT OFFER ANYONE ELSE HELP |
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WHY IS SUBSTANCE ABUSE BEHAVIOR NOT COMPATIBLE WITH MILITARY DUTY? |
IT NEGATIVELY IMPACTS THE MILITARY MEMBERS' ABILITY TO BE READY, RELIABLE, AND ADAPTIVE FOR CONTINGENCY MISSIONS |
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DESCRIBE THE AIR FORCE POLICY ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE. |
ALL PERSONNEL ARE EXPECTED TO REFRAIN FROM SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MAINTAIN AIR FORCE STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR, PERFORMANCE, AND DISCIPLINE CONSISTENT WITH THE UCMJ, PUBLIC LAW, AND AF PUBLICATIONS |
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WHAT IS A DEPRESSANT? |
SLUGGISH, LACK OF COORDINATION, SLURRED SPEECH, PULSE AND BREATHING SLOW, SLEEPINESS |
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WHAT ARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A STIMULANT? |
TACHYCARDIA, RAPID BREATHING, DILATED PUPILS, DIAPHORESIS, EXCITEMENT, EUPHORIA, AND ANOREXIA |
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WHAT ARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A HALLUCINOGEN? |
RAPID PULSE, DILATED PUPILS, FLUSHED FACE, AGGRESSIVENESS, TREMORS, PATIENT SEES AND HEARS THINGS |
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WHAT ARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF A NARCOTIC? |
REDUCED PULSE AND RESPIRATORY RATE, PUPIL CONSTRICTION, COMA, DIAPHORESIS, EUPHORIA, SLEEPINESS, AND ANXIETY |
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WHAT ARE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SOMEONE HAVING INGESTED TOO MUCH ALCOHOL? |
REDUCED PULSE AND RESPIRATORY RATE, PUPIL CONSTRICTION, COMA, DIAPHORESIS, EUPHORIA, SLEEPINESS, AND ANXIETY |
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WHAT ARE THE COMMON CAUSES OF IMMOBILITY? |
PAIN, NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE, STRUCTURAL DEFECTS, WEAKNESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS, AND REHABILITATION MEASURES |
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WHAT TYPE OF SPECIAL NURSING CHALLENGE DO PATIENTS IN PAIN PRESENT? |
BECAUSE ALONG W/HAVING TO PROVIDE ACTIVITIES FOR THEM, AND ASSIST THEM WITH THESE ACTIVITIES, YOU WILL HAVE TO CONVINCE THEM THAT THIS IS GOING TO HELP AND MOTIVATE THEM TO DO THE ACTIVITY |
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WHY SHOULD YOU SCHEDULE ACTIVITIES FOR A PATIENT AT A TIME WHEN THE PATIENT IS FEELING ENERGETIC? |
BECAUSE FATIGUE LOWERS PAIN TOLERANCE |
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WHY TYPE OF PATIENT IS NOT USUALLY ABLE TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY? |
PT'S W/NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE (EX: STROKE VICTIMS) |
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WHAT ARE TWO CAUSES OF WEAKNESS? |
INACTIVITY OR W/SOME DEGENERATIVE DISEASE |
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WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF BED REST? |
ALLOW INJURED TISSUES TO HEAL |
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HOW DO PT'S WHO ARE ON BED REST DIFFER FROM OTHER IMMOBILIZED PT'S? |
MOST DON'T WANT TO BE ON BED REST AND DON'T ACCEPT LIMITATIONS SET BY THE DOCTOR |
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WHAT ARE THREE REASONS IMMOBILIZED PT'S MIGHT BE FRIGHTENED? |
1. USUALLY FRIGHTENED B/C HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT 2. THEY DON'T KNOW WHAT IS GOING TO HAPPEN 3. UNABLE TO PROTECT OR EVEN HELP THEMSELVES |
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WHAT PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION IS EXHIBITED WHEN A PT SPENDS A GREAT DEAL OF TIME WORRYING ABOUT MEASL AND BOWEL MOVEMENTS? |
REGRESSING AND BEHAVING IN A CHILD-LIKE MANNER
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What is the primary cause of decubitus ulcers? |
PROLONGED IMMOBILITY, CAUSED BY IMPAIRED CIRCULATION TO THE SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES IN AREAS OF THE BODY WHERE BONES LIE CLOSE TO THE SKIN'S SURFACE |
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WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF A GRADE III ULCER? |
DAMAGE HAS PENETRATED DOWN TO THE MUSCLE CAUSING DISTORTION AND LOSS OF BODY FLUIDS |
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WHAT TREATMENTS CAN BE USED FOR DECUBITUS ULCERS? |
TOPICAL AGENTS, SURGERY, HEAT LAMPS, VARIOUS OTHER REMEDIES |
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WHAT DOES MUSCLE TONE DO? |
MUSCLE TONE IS THE TENSION THAT'S RESPONSIBLE FOR HOLDING YOUR BODY ERECT WHEN YOU'RE STANDING, SITTING, WALKING, OR BALANCING |
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WHAT CAUSES BACKACHES? |
A COMBINATION OF POOR POSTURE, LACK OF SUPPORT, AND STRETCHED MUSCLES |
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WHAT IS THE FINAL EFFECT OF DISUSE OSTEOPOROSIS ON BONES? |
THE BONES BECOME BRITTLE AND MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE |
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WHAT IS THE BEST TREATMENT FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO IMMOBILITY? |
PREVENTION! MAINTAIN A REGULAR PROGRAM OF EXERCISE AND ACTIVITY, AND FREQUENT MOVEMENT OF THE PT W/USE OF BED BOARDS IF NECESSARY |
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WHAT EFFECT DOES IMMOBILITY HAVE ON THE FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY? |
MAKE THE HEART WORK EVEN HARDER! |
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WHAT CAUSES ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION? |
INADEQUATE VASOCONSTRICTION, WHICH ALLOWS THE BLOOD TO POOL IN THE LOWER EXTREMITIES RATHER THAN PUSHING IT THROUGHOUT THE BODY |
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WHAT AFFECT DOES IMMOBILITY HAVE ON THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM? |
LOSS OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TONE, INADEQUATE EXCHANGE OF O2 AND CO2, DISRUPTION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE, HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA, AND ATELECTASIS |
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WHAT ARE TWO REASONS AN IMMOBILIZED PT'S METABOLIC RATE MIGHT INCREASE INSTEAD OF DECREASE? |
1. FEVER 2. PAIN |
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WHAT POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF USING POOR BODY MECHANICS ARE DISCUSSED IN THE TEXT? |
DEVELOP BACKACHES, MUSCLE STRAINS, AND OTHER PROBLEMS; POSSIBLY PERMANENT PROBLEMS TOO |
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DEFINE POSTURE. |
AKA BODY ALIGNMENT; POPER RELATIONSHIP OF BODY PARTS TO ONE ANOTHER |
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HOW DOES CONTRACTING YOUR ABDOMINAL AND BUTTOCKS MUSCLES HELP PROTECT YOUR BACK? |
KEEPS YOUR BACK STRAIGHT BY SUPPORTING THE ABDOMINAL ORGANS AND REDUCING THE PULL ON THE LOWER BACK |
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WHAT IS THE PROPER POSITION FOR YOUR HEAD? |
IN LINE W/YOUR BACK AND ERECT; HOLD CHIN IN SLIGHTLY BUT NOT SO IN THAT IT'S UNCOMFORTABLY CLOSE TO YOUR CHEST |
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WHAT ARE TWO WAYS THAT YOU CAN IMPEDE THE CIRCULATION TO YOUR LOWER LEGS WHEN YOU'RE SITTING? |
CROSSING YOUR LEGS OR SITTING SO THAT THE EDGE OF THE CHAIR IS PRESSED AGAINST THE BACK OF YOUR LEGS |
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WHAT THREE FACTORS SHOULD YOU CONSIDER WHEN YOU ARE PLANNING A TASK? |
CONSIDER HOW YOU'LL PERFORM THE TASK, WHAT EQUIPMENT YOU'LL NEED TO PERFORM THE TASK, AND HOW MUCH HELP, IF ANY, YOU'LL NEED |
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WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF YOU DON'T ACCEPT AND WORK WITH YOUR PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS? |
YOU MAY INJURE A PT, OR MOST CERTAINLY, YOURSELF |
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WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YOUR STABILITY AND YOUR CENTER OF GRAVITY? |
STABILITY INCREASES AS YOUR CENTER OF GRAVITY MOVES CLOSER TO YOUR BASE OF SUPPORT |
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WHY IS IT EASIER TO LIFE A PT WITH A SMOOTH, STEADY MOTION THAN WITH A SERIES OF JERKY MOTIONS? |
SMOOTH, RHYTHMICAL MOTIONS ALSO MAKE MORE EFFICIENT USE OF MUSCLES BY PROVIDING MORE TIME FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND ALLOWING THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT COMPLETELY |
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DESCRIBED HOW YOU CAN USE LEVERAGE TO HELP MOVE A PT TO THE SIDE OF THE BED. |
THE BED AND YOUR BODY WEIGHT PROVIDE LEVERAGE, INCREASING THE FORCE PROVIDED BY YOUR MUSCLES |
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WHERE ARE THE LARGEST MUSCLES LOCATED? |
IN YOUR SHOULDER, UPPER ARMS, THIGHS, AND HIPS |
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WHY SHOULD YOU USE PULLING OR PUSHING MOVEMENTS RATHER THAN LIFTING MOVEMENTS? |
BECAUSE THE RESISTANCE OF FRICTION IS LESS THAN THE RESISTANCE OF GRAVITY |
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AT WHAT POINT DO YOU BECOME INVOLVED IN MOVING PT'S? |
WHEN A PT CANNOT MOVE AT ALL OR CANNOT MOVE W/O HELP |
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WHAT FOUR STEPS SHOULD PREFACE ANY MOVEMENT PROCEDURE? |
1. WASH YOUR HANDS 2. GREET THE PT 3. CHECK PT'S I.D BAND 4. EXPLAIN WHAT YOU'RE GOING TO DO |
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HOW DO YOU PREPARE THE BED FOR MOVING A PT? |
RAISING IT TO A WAIST-HEIGHT WORKING LEVEL, LOCK THE WHEELS TO PREVENT IT FROM MOVING AS YOU SHIFT THE PT; LOWER THE HEAD OF THE BED, LOWER SIDE RAIL ON YOUR SIDE OF THE BED |
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HOW CAN THE PATIENT HELO WITH THE ONE-PERSON TECHNIQUE? |
BY PUSHING AND PULLING WHEN NECESSARY |
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WHAT TWO TYPES OF PATIENT SHOULD BE MOVED WITH THE TWO-PERSON TECHNIQUE? |
FOR PT'S WHO ARE NO CAPABLE OF ASSISTING, OR TOO HEAVY FOR ONE PERSON TO HANDLE |
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WHERE DO YOU PLACE THE PT'S ARMS USING THE TWO-PERSON TECHNIQUE? |
USUALLY CROSSED OVER HIS OR HER CHEST RATHER THAN EXTENDED OVER HIS OR HER HEAD |
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WHY TYPES OF PT'S CANNOT BE MOVED BY THE SHOULD-LIFT TECHNIQUE? |
CANNOT BE USED FOR PT'S WHO HAVE BACK, SHOULDER, OR CHEST INJURIES |
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WHICH TWO-PERSON TECHNIQUE ADDS AN ELEMENT OF SPEED TO THE MOVE? |
MODIFIED SHOULDER-DRAG |
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WHERE DO THE TECHNIQUES GRASP THE DRAWSHEET IF THERE ARE ONLY TWO PEOPLE TRYING TO MOVE THE PT? |
AT HIP AND NECK LEVEL |
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AT A MINIMUM, HOW FREQUENTLY SHOULD IMMOBILIZED PT'S BE TURNED? |
AT LEAST EVERY 2 HOURS |
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WHAT ARE TWO REASONS YOU SHOULD PROVIDE PRIVACY WHEN MOVING A PT? |
1. MOST PT'S DON'T WANT OTHERS SEEING THEM BEING DRAGGED AROUND 2. SOMETIMES PT'S ARE INADVERTENTLY EXPOSED DURING PT MOVING/TURNING |
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WHAT IS YOUR LAST STEP BEFORE LEAVING A PATIENT YOU HAVE MOVED? |
MAKE SURE PT'S BODY IS ALIGNED PROPERLY AND THAT A PT IS COMFORTABLE |
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BEFORE TURING A PT TO THE SIDE-LYING POSITION, WHOULD YOU BEND THE PT'S LEGS? |
DOING SO PARTIALLY SHIFTS THE PT'S WEIGHT SO THE PT IS EASIER TO MOVE |
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HOW SHOULD YOU PLAVE YOUR FEET WHEN PREPARING TO TURN A PT TO HIS OR HER SIDE? |
ASSUME A WIDE BASE OF SUPPORT, ONE LEG BRACED AGAINST THE BED-FRAME AND THE OTHER SLIGHTLY BACK AND 12-15 INCHES TO THE SIDE |
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WHY IS IT BEST TO PULL RATHER THAN PUSH A PT INTO A DIFFERENT POSITION? |
WHEN PUSHING, YOU LOSE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF CONTROL AND MAY ACCIDENTALLY ROLL PT OUT OF BED |
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WHAT ARE THE REASONS PT'S ARE MOVED TO THE EDGE OF THE BED? |
FOR VARIOUS PROCEDURES OR IN PREPS FOR GETTING OUT OF BED |
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WHAT IS THE BEST POSITION FOR THE PERSON WHO IS CONTROLLED A MOVE? |
AT THE HEAD OF THE PT |
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HOW DO YOU MOVE A PT TO THE EDGE OF THE BED IF YOU ARE WORKING ALONE? |
IN STAGES; MOVE THE HEAD AND SHOULDERS FIRST, THEN THE HIPS, AND FINALLY THE LEGS AND FEET |
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WHY DO SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS APPLY MORE TO TRANSFER TECHNIQUES THAN THEY DO TO SIMPLY PT MOVEMENTS? |
BECAUSE THERE IS MORE LIFTING AND MOVEMENT INVOLVED AND A MUCH GREAT CHANCE OF INJURY FOR BOTH THE TECH AND THE PT |
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WHAT TYPES OF PT'S ARE TRANSPORTED ON STRETCHERS? |
HELPLESS TO NEARLY HELPLESS PATIENTS (EX: SPINAL INJURIES, STROKE VICTIMS, PRE AND POST- OPERATIVE PATIENTS), AND OTHER PATIENTS WHO REMAIN LYING STILL
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WHY ARE BED TO STRETCHER TRANSFERS HARD ON TECHNICIANS? |
BECAUSE THEY REQUIRE MORE LIFTING AND REACHING THAN OTHER TYPES OF MOVES |
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HOW DO YOU PREPARE A STRETCHER FOR A PATIENT? |
COVER IN CLEAN, DRY SHEET, TOCK EDGES, REMOVES WRINKLES, BRING EXTRA SHEETS AND BLANKETS, PILLOW AVAILABLE, MAKE PROVISIONS TO SUPPORT ANY IV TUBING, CATHETERS, OR O2 TUBING PT MAY HAVE |
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WHERE SHOULD STRETCHER BE POSITIONED IF THE PATIENT IS TO BE TRANSFERRED BY LIFTING? |
AT A 90 DEGREE ANGLE TO THE FOOT OF THE BED |
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WHAT TECHNIQUE DO YOU USE TO REPOSITION A PATIENT IN THE BED? |
THREE PERSON TECHNIQUE |
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HOW SHOULD THE TECHNICIANS POSITION THEMSELVES TO SLIDE A PATIENT ONTO A STRETCHER? |
AT LEAST 3 TECHS POSITION THEMSELVES ALONG SAME SIDE OF BED, KEEPING SAME HAND POSITIONS, LIFT PT, MOVE TOGETHER TO SIDE OF STRETCHER, ON SIGNAL, LOWER PT TO STRETCHER |
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WHAT IS THE PREFERRED METHOD FOR MOVING A PATIENT FROM A BED TO A STRETCHER? |
DRAWSHEET METHOD |
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HOW DO YOU PLAVE STRETCHER PATIENTS ONTO AN ELEVATOR? |
BACK PT'S ON STRETCHERS HEAD FIRST IN ELEVATORS SO THEY CAN BE TAKEN OFF FEET FIRST |
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WHY SHOULD THE PATIENT'S LEGS NOT BE ALLOWED TO HAND UNSUPPORTED FROM THE EDGE OF THE BED? |
DOING SO WOULD PUT PRESSURE ON THE BACK OF THE LEGS AND INTERFERES WITH CIRCULATION |
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WHAT POSITION SHOULD A TECHNICIAN TAKEN WHEN PREPARING TO TURN A PATIENT TO THE DANGLING POSITION? |
BEHIND THE PATIENT WITH ONE ARM BEHIND PT'S SHOULDERS AND OTHER ARM BENEATH PT'S THIGHS |
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WHAT TWO PROCEDURES ARE PRELIMINARY STEPS FOR BOTH TRANSFERRING A PATIENT TO A CHAIR AND AMBULATING A PATIENT? |
SITTING UP AND DANGLING |
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WHAT TYPE OF SHOES SHOULD A PT WEAR WHEN EING TRANSFERRED TO A CHAIR? |
HARD SOLED, WELL-FITTING SHOES |
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WHAT CRITERIA SHOULD YOU USE WHEN SELECTING A TRANSFER TECHNIQUE? |
SELECT THE TECHNIQUE YOU ARE MOST COMFORTABLE WITH; THE TECHNIQUE THAT ALLOWS YOU TO MAINTAIN MOST CONTROL OVER PATIENT'S MOVEMENTS AND STILL PERMITS YOU TO USE GOOD BODY MECHANICS |
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WHY SHOULD YOU ALLOW THE PATIENT TO STAND FOR A FEW MOMENTS BEFORE BEING TRANSFERRED TO A BEDSIDE CHAIR? |
BECAUSE THE PT MAY BE UNSTEADY FOR THE FIRST FEW TIMES |
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WHAT ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE DO YOU OBTAIN BY BRACING YOUR FEET AGAINST THE PT'S FEET WHEN HELPING THE PT TO A STANDING POSITION? |
YOU KEEP THE PT'S FEET FROM SLIDING OUT FROM UNDER HIM OR HER |
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WHAT TWO PRECAUTIONS SHOULD YOU TAKE BEFORE MOVING A PATIENT TO A WHEELCHAIR? |
WHEELS LOCKED AND FOOTRESTS ARE OUT OF THE WAY. |
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HOW SHOULD YOU POSITION YOURSELF IF YOU ARE MOVING A NEAR-HELPLESS PATIENT BY YOURSELF? |
BEHIND THE PT W/YOUR ARMS UNDER THE PT'S ARMS AND GRASPS THE PT'S FOREARMS |
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WHY ARE BOTH THE ONE-PERSON AND TWO-PERSON TECHNIQUES UNSATISFACTORY FOR MOVING A NEAR-HELPLESS PT FROM A BED TO A CHAIR? |
BECAUSE IT PUTS TOO MUCH STRAIN AND PRESSURE ON THE BACK OF THE PERSON LIFTING THE PT'S UPPER BODY; THE FIRST TECHNICIAN'S BACK |
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WHEN SHOULD YOU BACK UP WITH A PATIENT IN A WHEELCHAIR? |
WHEN GOING THROUGH A DOORWAY OR AN ELEVATOR |
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WHAT ARE TWO PURPOSES OF MECHANICAL AIDS? |
TO PROVIDE A SMOOTH TRANSFER, REDUCE POSSIBILITY OF INJURY FOR EITHER YOU OR THE PT |
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WHY SHOULD SOME OF THE TECHNICIANS KNEEL ON THE BED WHEN MOVING A PATIENT WITH A DRAWSHEET? |
IN ORDER TO AVOID EXCESSIVE REACHING |
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BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HYDRAULIC HOIST. |
CONSISTS OF A CANVAS SLING SUPPORTED BY A METAL FRAME ON WHEELS, HAS SEVERAL PIVOT POINTS (CAN BE ADJUSTED BY A HYDRAULIC CYLINDER) |
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WHY CAN'T PATIENTS WHO HAVE BEEN BEDRIDDEN FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME JUST GET UP AND WALK? |
BECAUSE THEIR MUSCLES HAVE ATROPHIED AND WEAKENED; OFTEN VERY UNSTEADY WHEN THEY FIRST STAND |
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WHAT CAN YOU DO TO REDUCE PATIENT PROBLEMS WITH AMBULATION? |
BY HELPING THEM TO EXERCISE, ALLOWING THEM TO REMAIN AS ACTIVE AS POSSIBLE DURING THE TIME THEY ARE BEDRIDDEN |
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WHAT CAN YOU USED AS A SUBSTITUTE IF YOU DON'T HAVE A COMMERCIAL TRANSFER BELT? |
IMPROVISE WITH A STRETCHER STRAP OR EVEN THE PT'S OWN BELT |
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WHAT IS THE PREFERRED TECHNICIAN'S POSITION FOR AMBULATING A PATIENT? |
STAND BESIDE AND A LITTLE BEHIND THE PATIENT |
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WHAT OBJECTS SHOULD THE AVOID USING FOR SUPPORT? |
AVOID LIGHT, UNSTABLE OBJECTS LIKE ORDINARY CHAIRS OR OVER-BED TABLES AND OBJECTS WITH WHEELS |
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WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE THE TYPE OF AMBULATION AID THAT WILL BE USED FOR EACH PATIENT? |
THE PT'S PHYSICAL CONDITION, SUPPORT NEEDED, TYPE OF DISABILITY, AND DOCTO'S ORDERS |
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WHAT TYPE OF CRUTCH IS MOST COMMONLY USED FOR SHORT-TERM PATIENTS? |
AXILLARY CRUTCHES |
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WHAT IS THE PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING CRUTCH LENGTH ON A STANDING PATIENT? |
PT STANDS UPRIGHT, PLACE CRUTH TIP 6-8" FROM SIDE OF PT'S HEEL, ADJUST CRUTCH SO TOP PIECE IS 2-3 FINGER-WIDTHS FROM AXILLARY FOLD; ADJUST HANGERGRIPS, MAKE SURE ELBOWS ARE BENT AT 30 DEGREE ANGLES |
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DESCRIBE THE FOUR-POINT GAIT USED BY PATIENTS USING CRUTCHES. |
PT CAN BEAR A LITTLE WITH ON BOTH LEGS, IT'S SLOW, SAFE, STABLE GAIT, PT ONLY MOVES ON SUPPORT AT A TIME (3 PTS OF CONTACT W/GROUND AT ALL TIMES) |
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WHAT BAISC RULE SHOULD A CRUTCH PATIENT FOLLOW WHEN GOING UP STAIRS? |
BODY FIRST THEN CRUTCHES |
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HOW DO PLATFORM CRUTCHES DIFFER FROM CANADIAN CRUTCHES? |
PLATFORM CRUTCHES PROVIDE A SURFACE FOR THE PT'S FOREARMS TO REST ON THE WEIGHT BEARING SURFACE |
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WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF THE PATIENT BEGINS TO EXPERIENCE PAIN OR FATIGUE DURING EXERCISE? |
STOP THE EXERCISE AND NOTIFY THE DOCTOR OR NURSE IF THE PT BEGINS TO SHOW SIGNS OF PAIN, FATIGUE, ETC |
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WHAT TYPES OF PATIENTS SHOULD RECEIVE PASSIVE EXERCISES? |
PT'S WHO ARE EITHER UNABLE OR NOT ALLOWED TO EXERCISE ACTIVELY |
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WHAT IS ADDUCTION? |
MOVEMENT TOWARD THE CENTER OF THE BODY |
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HOW DO RANG-OF-MOTION EXERCISES HELP PREVENT JOINT FIXATION? |
HELPS TO ENCOURAGE AND MAINTAIN JOINT MOBILITY, PREVENTS SHORTENING OF MUSCLES, TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, AND JOINT CAPSULES |
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WHAT INFORMATION WILL HELP YOU DECIDE THE TYPE OF EXERCISES PATIENTS NEED? |
THE DOCTOR'S ORDERS, PT'S DIAGNOSIS, AND CAPABILITIES |
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HOW SHOULD YOU SUPPORT A BODY PART WHEN YOU ARE DOING PASSIVE EXERCISES? |
SUPPORT ABOVE AND BELOW THE BODY PART/JOINT YOU ARE EXERCISING |
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TRYPES OF ACTIVE EXERCISES? |
ROM, ISOMETRIC, BED EXERCISE (EX: PUSH-UPS, PULL-UPS, DANGLING, AND AMBULATION) |
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WHY SHOULD YOU INSTRUCT PATIENTS NOT TO HOLD THEIR BREATH AS THEY DO ISOMETRIC EXERCISES? |
BECAUSE STRAINING WILL AFFECT THE HEARTBEAT AND MAY CAUSE A HEART ATTACK |
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HOW DO PATIENTS BENEFIT FROM PULL-UP AND PUSH-UP EXERCISES? |
THESE EXERCISES INCREASE UPPER BODY STRENGTH AND CAN BE DONE BY THOSE PT'S WHO CAN CONTROL THEIR UPPER BODY |
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REGULAR DIET |
NO RESTRICTION ON TYPES OF NUTRIENTS |
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HIGH-CALORIE, HIGH-PROTEIN DIET |
PT'S WHO SUFFER FROM EXCESSIVE WEIGHT LOSS |
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LIQUID DIETS |
PT HAVE DIFFICULTY CHEWING OR SWALLOWING |
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CLEAR-LIQUID DIET |
INADEQUATE IN ALL NUTRIENTS (NO MORE THAN 3 DAYS) |
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FULL-LIQUID DIET |
EASILY DIGESTED FOODS AND FOODS THAT MELT OR BECOME LIQUID IN THE BODY |
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SOFT DIET |
PTS WHO HAVE DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OR RECOVERING FROM SURGERY |
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BLAND DIET |
PTS WHO SUFFER FROM ULCERS OR OTHER IRRITATIONS OF G.I TRACT |
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RESTRICTED DIETS |
CALORIE, CARB, PROTEIN, FAT, AND MINER |
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CALORIE-RESTRICTED DIET |
EITHER LOSE WEIGHT OR MAINTAIN A DESIRABLE WEIGHT |
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CARB RESTRICTED DIET |
USUALLY ORDERED POSTOPERATIVELY; Tx OF CERTAIN DISEASE PROCESSES |
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PROTEIN RESTRICTED DIET |
ORDERED FOR PT'S WHO HAVE AN IMPAIRED ABILITY TO EXCRETE WASTE PRODUCTS OF PROTEIN METABOLISM DUE TO KIDNEY OR LIVER DISEASE |
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FAT-RESTRICTED DIET |
ORDERED FOR PT'S WITH GALLBLADDER DISEASE, MALABSORPTION SYNDROME, AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA |
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MINERAL-RESTRICTED DIET |
ORDERED TO REAT CERTAIN DISEASES/CONDITIONS |
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SODIUM RESTRICTED DIET |
FOR PT'S WHO ARE SUBJECT TO EDEMA, HYPERTENSION, CHF, RENAL DISFUNCTION, CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER |
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POTASSIUM-RESTRICTED DIET |
ORDERED FOR SOME PT'S W/KIDNEY DISEASE |
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CALCIUM-RESTRITED DIET |
PT'S W/RECCURENT RENAL CALCUL OR HYPERCALCEMIA |
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DEFINE APPETITE. |
THE DESIRE FOR FOOD OR AN AGREEABLE ATTITUDE TOWARDS EATING FOOD |
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WHAT ARE THE PHYSICAL SENSATIONS, MENTIONED IN THE TEXT, THAT CAN CAUSE A LOSS OF APPETITE? |
PAIN, DISCOMFORT |
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IN WHAT WAYS DOES CULTURE AFFECT THE WAY A PERSON EATS? |
SOME RELIGIONS PROHIBIT THE EATING OF MEAT ON CERTAIN DAYS, OTHERS PROHIBIT CERTAIN FOODS ALL TOGETHER; FOOD PREP CAN BE DICTATED |
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WHAT IS THE STRONGEST FORCE THAT AFFECTS A PERSON'S APPETITE? |
PT'S PERSONAL PREFERENCE |
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ON WHAT FORM DO YOU IDENTIFY WHERE THE PT WILL EAT? |
AF FORM 1094 (DIET ORDER) |
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HOW SHOULD YOU HELP TO PREPARE A PATIENT FOR THE MEALTIME? |
HELP STIMULATE PT'S APPETITE, PREVENT ANY UPSETS, TRY TO AVOID GIVING ANY MEDICATIONS FOR AT LEAST 30 MINUTES BEFORE AND AFTER MEAL |
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WHEN DO YOU SERVE PT'S WHO REQUIRE THE MOST ASSISTANCE? |
SERVE LAST |
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WHAT METHOD IS USED TO EXPLAIN THE LOCATION OF FOODS TO A BLIND PT? |
CLOCK METHOD (USING THE NUMBERS ON A CLOCK) |
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WHAT ARE FIVE REASONS FOR THE USE OF A NASOGASTRIC TUBE? |
1. DIAGNOSE A DISORDER 2. FEED A PT 3. RELIEVE DISTENTION CAUSED BY FLUID OR GAS 4. DRAIN THE STOMACH 5. WASH OUT THE STOMACH |
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WHAT POSITION IS THE PATIENT PLACED IN FOR NASOGASTRIC INSERTION? |
HIGH FOWLER'S POSITION |
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WHAT ARE THE STEPS USED TO DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF TUBE NEEDED TO REACH THE STOMACH? |
TIP OF EARLOBE TO THE TIP OF THE NOSE TO THE XYPHOID PROCESS |
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HOW DO YOU PREVENT ENTRANCE OF THE NG TUBE INTO THE TRACHEA? |
HAVE PT FLEX HIS/HER HEAD THE CHEST AND BEGIN TO SWALLOW AS YOU PASS THE TUBE |
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DURING PLACEMENT OF THE NG TUBE, WHAT PATIENT REACTIONS WILL INDICATE THE NEED FOR YOU TO STOP AND REMOVE THE TUBE? |
IF PT BEGINS TO GRASP FOR AIR, COUGHS, OR TURNS CYANOTIC |
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WHAT ARE THE FOUD METHODS USED FOR ASSURING PROPER NG TUBE PLACEMENT? |
1. ASPIRATION OF STOMACH CONTENTS USEING 20-50 mL SYRINGE 2. AUSCULTATE EPIGASTRIC AREA (INJECTING 5-15 ML AIR, LISTEN FOR WHOOSHING SOUND) 3. CAN PT SPEAK? 4. X-RAY |
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WHAT TERM IS USED TO DENOTE TUBE FEEDINGS? |
GASTRIC GAVAGE |
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PRIOR TO FEEDING THE PATIENT VIA AN NG TUBE, WHAT IS YOUR FIRST PRIORITY? |
ENSURE NG TUBE PLACEMENT IS CORRECT |
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AT WHAT TEMPERATURE SHOULD THE TUBE FEEDING SOLUTION BE WHEN YOU USE IT? |
ROOM TEMPERATURE |
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HOW MANY MINUTES WILL IT TAKE TO PROPERLY ADMINISTER A TUBE FEEDING? |
10-20 MINUTES |
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DEFINE THE TERM LAVAGE. |
STOMACH PUMPED, SOLUTION GOES INTO STOMACH --->SPHONE SOLUTION BACK OUT |
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WHY ARE IRRIGATIONS PERFORMED? |
TO IMPROVE OR ENSURE PATENCY OF THE NG TUBE |
