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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what are the two main functions of the male reproductive system

production/development, maturation and transport of spermatozoa




synthesis of hormones (testosterone)

what are the 4 major components of the male reproductive system

testis
genital ducts
accessory glands
penis

testis


genital ducts


accessory glands


penis

what are all the coverings of the testis and what are their abdominal correlates

tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral) from peritoneum
internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia
cremaster muscle from internal oblique
external spermatic fascia from external oblique (Buck's fascia in penis)
Dartos Fascia (colles) fro...

tunica vaginalis (parietal and visceral) from peritoneum


internal spermatic fascia from transversalis fascia


cremaster muscle from internal oblique


external spermatic fascia from external oblique (Buck's fascia in penis)


Dartos Fascia (colles) from scarpas fascia (superficial penile fascia in penis)


dartos muscle (smooth muscle) from campers fascia




from gubernaculum pulling layers down during development

define cryptorchidism

absence of one or both testes from scrotum


80% descend in first year


1% true incidence

describe the tunica albuginea

most intimate layer covering testes
sends septa into testes, separating seminiferous tubules into lobules

most intimate layer covering testes


sends septa into testes, separating seminiferous tubules into lobules

describe the lobules of the testicle

two compartments
peritubular: interstitial (leydig) cells
intratubular: seminiferous tubules

two compartments


peritubular: interstitial (leydig) cells


intratubular: seminiferous tubules

describe leydig cells

site of testosterone production (steroid synthesis)
lipid droplets, smooth ER, mitochondria


testosterone profuses to sertoli cells
estradiol feedback (block)
growth factor feedback (promote)
leutinizing hormone receptor-- produce enzymes-- more ...

site of testosterone production (steroid synthesis)


lipid droplets, smooth ER, mitochondria




testosterone profuses to sertoli cells


estradiol feedback (block)


growth factor feedback (promote)


leutinizing hormone receptor-- produce enzymes-- more testosterone

describe the seminiferous tubules

spermatozoids produced here ~2000 per second

describe briefly spermatogenesis

1. spermatocytogenesis: spermatogonium on periphery to secondary spermatocyte medially (cell division-- mitosis and meiosis I)


2. spermiogenesis: differentiation/maturation of sperm cell from spermatid (meiosis II)
golgi apparatus collects and m...

1. spermatocytogenesis: spermatogonium on periphery to secondary spermatocyte medially (cell division-- mitosis and meiosis I)




2. spermiogenesis: differentiation/maturation of sperm cell from spermatid (meiosis II)


golgi apparatus collects and makes acrosomal vesicle


centrioles collect opposite and make flagellum


compact nucleus

describe sertoli cells

engulf developing spermatids and provide environment for development
nutrients
clear excess cytoplasm
makes androgen binding protein (ABP) which binds and concentrates testosterone


form tight junctions to separate basal and adluminal compartment...

engulf developing spermatids and provide environment for development


nutrients


clear excess cytoplasm


makes androgen binding protein (ABP) which binds and concentrates testosterone




form tight junctions to separate basal and adluminal compartments-- blood testes barrier (autoimmune defense)




follicle stimulating hormone receptor-- growth factor or aromatase (estradiol)

what are the mechanisms of thermoregulation of the testis

1. testis located outside body
2. superficial testicular artery
3. contraction of dartos (cremaster) if cold
4. counter-current exchange of blood flow by pampiniform plexus

1. testis located outside body


2. superficial testicular artery


3. contraction of dartos (cremaster) if cold


4. counter-current exchange of blood flow by pampiniform plexus

describe the rete testis

next step after seminiferous tubules
simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli and cilia to move nonmotile spermatozoa 
carries sperm to head of epididymis

next step after seminiferous tubules


simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli and cilia to move nonmotile spermatozoa


carries sperm to head of epididymis

describe the epididymis

sperm storage depot
pseudostratified columnar with smooth muscle layer
convoluted tubule
sperm become compacted, fluid removed and replaced

sperm storage depot


pseudostratified columnar with smooth muscle layer


convoluted tubule


sperm become compacted, fluid removed and replaced

describe the ductus deferens

vas deferens
larger, more organised version of epididymis
folds for expansion (hold more)
strong, perstialtic contractions (sympathetic nervous system) 
3 muscle layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal

vas deferens


larger, more organised version of epididymis


folds for expansion (hold more)


strong, perstialtic contractions (sympathetic nervous system)


3 muscle layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal

describe a vasectomy

cut ductus deferens to sterilize


must cauterize ends

describe the ejaculatory duct and accessory glands

2 ejaculatory ducts on either side of urethra
vas deferens meets with seminal vesicle and prostate gland to form ED

2 ejaculatory ducts on either side of urethra


vas deferens meets with seminal vesicle and prostate gland to form ED

describe the seminal vesicle

produces most of ejaculate
pseudostratified epithelium
smooth muscle lining (sympathetic)
produces lots of fluid-- fructose, citrate etc.

produces most of ejaculate


pseudostratified epithelium


smooth muscle lining (sympathetic)


produces lots of fluid-- fructose, citrate etc.

describe the prostate gland

pseudostratified columnar/cuboidal epithelium
secretes various substances


can form concretions, accumulate with aging


peripheral zone-- most glandular tissue, common cancer site
transition zone-- location of urethra
central zone-- location of ...

pseudostratified columnar/cuboidal epithelium


secretes various substances




can form concretions, accumulate with aging




peripheral zone-- most glandular tissue, common cancer site


transition zone-- location of urethra


central zone-- location of ejaculatory ducts

what are the last 2 accessory glands

bulbourethral glands: located in deep perineal pouch, secrete mucous


glands of littre: similar in appearance but smaller and in penile urethra


pre-ejaculate-- lubrication

bulbourethral glands: located in deep perineal pouch, secrete mucous




glands of littre: similar in appearance but smaller and in penile urethra




pre-ejaculate-- lubrication

describe testosterone

stored in sertoli cells


differentiation and maintenance of glands, ducts, smooth muscle


facial hair, sperm production, muscle mass, male voice, hypothalamus/pituitary

what happens if you have excess testosterone in blood stream

~100x less testosterone than in seminiferous tubules


high testosterone, hypothalamus and pituitary inhibits LH and FSH, decrease testosterone

what are the erectile bodies in the penis

surrounded by tunica albuginea
paired corpus cavernosa (dorsal)-- thinner trabeculae to fill with blood
corpus spongiosum (ventral, contains urethra)

surrounded by tunica albuginea


paired corpus cavernosa (dorsal)-- thinner trabeculae to fill with blood


corpus spongiosum (ventral, contains urethra)

how is an erection achieved

parasympathetic-- secrete nitric oxide
relax smooth muscles in helican artery, release blood into cavernosa
compresses dorsal vein, blood doesn't flow out
somatic input-- muscle contraction push blood distally

parasympathetic-- secrete nitric oxide


relax smooth muscles in helican artery, release blood into cavernosa


compresses dorsal vein, blood doesn't flow out


somatic input-- muscle contraction push blood distally

what are the 4 stages of the male sexual response

erection: para on vascular smooth muscle, somatic on striated
secretion: para on secretory epithelium (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral, penis)
emission: sym on smooth muscle (epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate)
ejaculation: somatic o...

erection: para on vascular smooth muscle, somatic on striated


secretion: para on secretory epithelium (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral, penis)


emission: sym on smooth muscle (epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate)


ejaculation: somatic on striated muscle of penis

describe this image

describe this image

prostate tissue


demonstrating zones

describe this image

describe this image

corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiousum


histology of erectile tissue