4.4 Pathology Of The Alimentary System

Front 1

Mdx?
Edx?
Etiology?

Back 1

Mdx: Catarrhal gastritis
Edx: Verminous gastritis
Etiology: Physaloptera (dogs & cats)

Front 2

What are some protective features of the stomach?

Back 2

Gastric motility
Protective mucus layer over mucosa (Foveolar mucus)
Secretory IgA
Acidic luminal pH (dz protectant)
Effective pyloric sphincter

Front 3

Gastric dilation & volvulus (GDV) is most com'n in __.
What predisposes a dog to recurrent gastric dilation?

Back 3

Dogs (Lg, deep-chested breeds)
Predispositions: Overfeeding (Diet), hereditary factors (Inherited), postprandial exercise (lag)

Front 4

What is the pathogenesis of GDV?

Back 4

Dilation & relaxation of gastrohepatic ligament → rotation & vascular compression → death

Front 5

Clinical signs: progressive abdominal distention, non-productive retching, hypersalivation & restlessness.

Dx?

Back 5

Gastric Dilation & Volvulus (Splenic displacement with V shape & congestion)

Front 6

Dx?
In what animal does this occur more commonly in?
What is the pathogenesis?

Back 6

Left Displaced Abomasum (LDA)
Animal: High-producing dairy Cattle
↑feed uptake & hypocacemia → shifting of rumen & abomasum during pregnancy

Front 7

Is Left Displaced abomasum fatal?
Is Right Displaced abomasum fatal?

Back 7

Left: No, but will get hyperemia & partial obstruction of abomasal flow. TREATABLE
Right: It has a high mortality rate and may lead to volvulus. DEATH

Front 8

Right Displaced abomasum occurs most commonly in what types of cattle?

Back 8

PERI- & POSTparturient cows & calves

Front 9

[L] premortem or postmortem and why?
[R] premortem or postmortem and why?

Dx?

Back 9

Postmortem because no inflammation.
Antemortem because wall necrotic

Acute Gastric Dilation/Rupture

Front 10

What are causes of Acute Gastric Dilation/Rupture?
What is the etiology of Grass sickness?

Back 10

・Accidents
・Sequel to INGESTION of highly-fermentable feeds
・Behavioral (aerophagia)
・Grass sickness → dysautonomia (ANS dysfxn)
Etiology: Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin

Front 11

Chronic Gastric Dilation in dogs is most associ'd w/?
Chronic Gastric Dilation in cattle is most associ'd w/?
Chronic Gastric Dilation in horse is most associ'd w/?

Back 11

・Gastric ulcers, pyloric stenosis, Intervertebral Disc Dz (IVDD)
・Abomasal ulcers, abomasal lymphoma
・Aerophagia

(Secondary to other disease)

Front 12

Gastric impaction most often arises from ___.

Back 12

Foreign bodies (hairballs; *I*tems)
Damaged vagal nerves (*M*otility disrupted)
Abomasal emptying defect of Suffolk sheep

Front 13

Occurs in sheep & cattle in UK, EU, NA
Mdx?
Common name of disease?
Etiology?
Lesions & death is due to ___.
Common name of disease?

Back 13

Mdx: Hemorrhagic emphysematous abomasitis
Common name: Braxy
Etiology: Clostridium septicum
Exotoxemia

Front 14

Mdx?
Common name of disease?
Etiology?

Back 14

Hemorrhagic emphysematous abomasitis
Braxy
Clostridium septicum

Front 15

Mdx?
This occurs in ___ conditions in swine where ___ lodge in the submucosal gastric vessels →
Thrombosis
Infarction
Ulceration

Back 15

Mdx: Embolic Gastric Infarction in Swine
Septicemic/Bacterial emboli

Front 16

What are the 2 type of gastritis that may occur and with what organisms?

Back 16

Granulomatous Gastritis
・Histoplasma capsulatum (dogs)
Eosinophilic Gastritis
・Toxocara canis (w/ peripheral eosinophilia)

Front 17

Retention of gastric fluid & reflux of intestinal bile leads to ___ (Mdx).

Back 17

Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastritis (cobblestone ap.)

Front 18

___ (Mdx) may also be associated with the following parasites in horses:
1.
2.

Back 18

Hyperplastic/hypertrophic gastritis (cobblestone ap.)
1. Trichostrongylus axei
2. Habronema spp.

Front 19

What does hyperplasia of gland do?

Back 19

↑gastric fluid secretion

Front 20

Mdx?
It is a protein-losing gastropathy (RARE)

Back 20

Chronic Giant Hypertrophic Gatropathy

Front 21

What is an ulcer?

Back 21

Mucosal defect where entire epithelial thickness (including basement membrane) is lost. Reach the vessels.

Front 22

How are calves predisposed to abomasal ulcers?
How are dairy cattle predispos'd to abomasal ulcers?

Back 22

Calf:
Dietary changes (roughage for milk/replacer)
Mechanical irritation of abomasum by roughage

Dairy cattle:
Heavy grain feeding (→lactic acidosis)
Displacement of abomasum
BVD (tropism for gastric)
Impaction
Torsion
Gastric LYMPHOMA

Front 23

Gastric ulcers in pigs commonly result from being fed ___ or by commensal bacteria and the ___.

Back 23

Finely ground grain/pelleted feed
Stress of confinement rearing

Front 24

Gastric ulcers in cats & dogs commonly result from islet cell tumors producing gastrin ( ___ ) and mast cell tumors.
What is the pathogenesis?

Back 24

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Histamine released → blood stream → bind to parietal cells → ↑HCl secretion

Front 25

Horse postmortem
Mdx?
Etiology?

Back 25

Ulcerative gastritis
Cantharidin toxicity (Blister beetle)

Front 26

View of mineralized gastric wall secondary to renal failure.
Dx?

Back 26

Dx: Uremic gastritis

Front 27

Equine Bots:
Where do we find Gasterophilus intestinalis in stom?
Where do we find Gasterophilus nasalis in stomach?
Where do we find Draschia megastoma in stomach [↑]?

Back 27

Stratified portion of stomach
Glandular portion of stomach
In brood pouches in glandular mucosa adjacent to margo plicatus

Front 28

What other gastric parasites may we see in horses?

Back 28

Habronema muscae & Habronema majus
Trichostrongylus axei

Front 29

Mdx?
Etiology?
Ddx?

Back 29

Mdx: Diffuse gastric mucosal hypertrophy & hyperplasia
Etiology: Trichostrongylus axei
Ddx: Gastric lymphoma, Inflammatory

Front 30

What parasite is common in small ruminant abomasums (++++lambs)?
Pathogenesis?

Back 30

Haemonchus contortus
Feeds on blood → anemia & hypoproteinemia (bottle jaw (edema))

Front 31

Dx?

Back 31

Haemonchus contortus (females red & white)

Front 32

Morrocan leather appearance, hyperplastic appearance, hypoproteinemia

Lesions caused by ___ within sheep & goats?
Lesions caused by ___ within cattle?
These parasites coinfect with ___ within other GI locations (SI)

Back 32

Teladorsagia circumcincta
Ostertagia ostertagia
Trichostrongylus

Combined parasitism → low wt. gains, inappetence, diarrhea (later stages → hypoproteinemia)

Front 33

Morrocan leather appearance, hyperplastic appearance, hypoproteinemia in CALF

Etiology?

Back 33

Ostertagia ostertagia

Front 34

Red, threadlike nematode that affects pigs and causes "Thin sow syndrome" and similar lesions to Ostertagiasis.

Back 34

Hyostrongylus rubidus

Front 35

Gastric parasites in dogs & cats tend to be ___.

Back 35

incidental findings (Gnathostoma spp., Ollulanus tricuspis (cats), Physaloptera (may cause vomiting))

Front 36

Dx?

Back 36

lymphosarcoma (lymphoma)

Front 37

What tumor in cattle is often caused by Bovine leukosis virus?

Back 37

Lymphoma (predilection for abomasum, Rt. atrium, uterus)

Front 38

Neoplasia arising from Aglandular portion of stomach in horse.

Back 38

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (glandular neoplasms not very common)