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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Interstitial lung disease are characterized by _______, ________, and variable degrees of ________.
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lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, fibrosis
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The classic example of fibrotic interstitial lung disease is IPF. What does IPF stand for?
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
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IPF typically presents with progressive ________ and _________ usually in the ______ or _________ decade of life.
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dyspnea, dry cough, sixth, seventh
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What three things characterize Usual Interstitial Pneumonia?
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1) thickened alveolar walls 2) extensive fibrosis 3) extreme abnormalities in alveolar architecture
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What three things characterize Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia?
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1) minimal fibrosis 2) alveolar inflammation 3) fullness of alveoli with macrophages
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Clinically, IPF is associated with what four symptoms?
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1) exertional dyspnea, 2) restrictive defect (low TLC) 3) hypoxemia on exercise and 4) tachypnea
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True or false: There are several effective treatments for IPF.
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false
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Around __% of IPF patients die within five years from progressive respiratory failure.
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50
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Sarcoidosis is a chronic ________ interstitial lung disease.
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granulomatous
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Besides the liver, what other organs can sarcoidosis affect?
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skin, eyes, liver, spleen, bones, muscles, and lymph nodes
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What type of cell accumulates and forms granulomas in organs affected by sarcoidosis?
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lymphocytes
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What two symptoms do sarcoidosis patients usually present with?
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cough and dyspnea
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True or false: Sarcoidosis symptoms usually resolve spontaneously.
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true
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In sarcoidosis, a chest x-ray may reveal enlarged ________ lymph nodes.
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hilar
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is pulmonary inflammation secondary to what?
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immune reaction to inhaled organic dusts
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What are the two most common antigens for hypersensitivity penumonitis?
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moldy hay and bird droppings
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How long after exposure do symptoms of acute type hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?
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a few hours
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True or false: Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis often manifests without clear relationship to exposure to the offending agent.
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true
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The main treatment for hypersensitivity pneumonitis is ___________.
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avoidance of exposure to the offending agent
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_____________ are a group of interstitial pulmonary diseases caused by inhalation of inorganic dusts.
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pneumoconioses
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Silicosis is caused by the inhalation of __________.
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silicon dioxide (silica)
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Inhalation of silica particles usually causes ________ and __________.
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pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis
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True or false: Many patients with silicosis have minimal symptoms and require no therapy.
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true
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Patients with silicosis are at increased risk for what other disease?
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tuberculosis
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The disease secondary to inhalation of asbestos fibers is called _______.
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asbestosis
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Large asbestos fibers that have penetrated the interstitial space and are coated with iron rich protein are called __________.
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asbestos bodies
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Besides diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, what other conditions are associated with asbestos inhalation?
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pleural plaques, pleural effusion, and mesothelioma
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True or false: Mesothelioma can be effectively treated and most patients survive.
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false
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What cancer is associated with inhalation of asbestos in people who are also cigarette smokers?
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bronchogenic carcinoma
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Carcinoma of the lung accounts for more than __________ deaths annually.
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150,000
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Pathologically, lung cancers are classified into which four groups.
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1) squamous cell carcinoma 2) adenocarcinoma 3) large cell carcinoma and 4) small cell carcinoma
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Lung cancers most often present with ________ and __________.
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persistent cough and hemoptysis
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The type of lung carcinoma in which most patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis is ________.
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small cell carcinoma
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Since there is such dichotomy in disease spread, lung cancers are usually classified as either __________ or _____________.
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small cell carcinoma or non-small cell carcinoma
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True or false: The main therapy for non-small cell carcinoma is chemotherapy.
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false
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