3Rd Six Weeks World History

Front 1

king or queen who has unlimited power and seeks to control all aspects of society.

Back 1

absolute monarch

Front 2

to cancel or put an end to.

Back 2

annul

Front 3

a deadly disease that spreads across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people.

Back 3

bubonic plague

Front 4

a medieval town dweller.

Back 4

burgher

Front 5

a group of advisors or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions.

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cabinet

Front 6

the body of laws governing the religious practices of a christian church.

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cannon law

Front 7

a 16th century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation

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Catholic Reformation/ Counter Reformation

Front 8

a code of behavior for knights in the medieval Europe, stressing ideals such as courage, loyalty, and devotion.

Back 8

chivalry

Front 9

a body of officials who perform religious services- such as priests, ministers, or rabbis

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clergy

Front 10

a monarchy in which the ruler's power is limited by the law

Back 10

constitutional monarchy

Front 11

one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims

Back 11

crusades

Front 12

a Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private arm of samurai

Back 12

Daimyo

Front 13

the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to
God

Back 13

divine right

Front 14

a political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their kind, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Back 14

feudalism

Front 15

an estate granted to a vassal by a lord under the feudal system in medieval Europe

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fief

Front 16

relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires

Back 16

gothic

Front 17

a division in the medieval Roman Catholic Church , during which rival popes were established in Avignon and in Rome

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Great Schism

Front 18

a document requiring that a prisoner be brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal

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habeas corpus

Front 19

a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

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hajj

Front 20

religious beliefs or opinions that differ from the official teachings of a Christian church

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heresy

Front 21

an empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy

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Holy Roman Empire

Front 22

a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

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humanism

Front 23

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

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indugence

Front 24

a Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy- especially the one active in Spain during the 1400

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inquisition

Front 25

a French government official appointed by the monarch to collect taxes and administer justice

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intendant

Front 26

in medieval Europe, an armored warrior who fought on horseback

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knight

Front 27

the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles

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lay investiture

Front 28

in feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals

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lord

Front 29

"Great Charter"-a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in A.D. 1215

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Magna Carta

Front 30

a lord's estate in feudal Europe

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manor

Front 31

a religious community of men (called monks) who have given up their possessions to devote themselves to a life of prayer and worship

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monastery

Front 32

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold wealth

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mercantilism

Front 33

the era in European history that followed the fall of the Roman Empire, lasting from about 500 to 1500-also called the medieval period

Back 33

Middle Ages

Front 34

a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation

Back 34

parliament

Front 35

a principal bishop in the eastern branch of Christianity

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patriarch

Front 36

a person who supports artists, especially financially

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patron

Front 37

an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface

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perspective

Front 38

the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church

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pope

Front 39

the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand including which people will be eternally saved

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predestination

Front 40

a machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type

Back 40

printing press

Front 41

a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation

Back 41

Protestant

Front 42

the effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492

Back 42

Reconquista

Front 43

a 16th century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority

Back 43

Reformation

Front 44

a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world

Back 44

Renaissance

Front 45

the period of Charles II's rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell's government

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Restoration

Front 46

one of the Christian ceremonies in which God's grace is transmitted to people

Back 46

sacrament

Front 47

one of the professional warriors who served Japanese feudal lords

Back 47

Samurai

Front 48

a split or division- especially a formal split within a Christian church

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schism

Front 49

scholars who gathered and taught at medieval European universities

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scholastics

Front 50

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters

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secular

Front 51

a medieval peasant legally bound to live on a lord's estate

Back 51

serf

Front 52

in feudal Japan, a supreme military commander who ruled in the name of the emperor

Back 52

shogun

Front 53

the selling or buying of a position in a Christian church

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simony

Front 54

a philosophy based on the idea that nothing can be known for certain

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skepticism

Front 55

a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure; a government controlled by religious leaders

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theocracy

Front 56

a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farmland was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted

Back 56

three field system

Front 57

a family's payment of one-tenth of its income to a church

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tithe

Front 58

a mock battle between group of knights

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tournament

Front 59

a medieval poet and musician who traveled from place to place, entertaining people with songs of courtly love

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troubadour

Front 60

in feudal Europe, a person who received a grant of land from a lord in exchange for a pledge of loyalty and services

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vassal

Front 61

the everyday language of people in a region or country

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vernacular

Front 62

an adoption of the social , political, or economic institution of Western-especially European of American-countries

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westernization

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social ranking

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status

Front 64

a term for Mary, the mother of Jesus; it comes from a former Italian title for women, meaning "my lady"

Back 64

Madonna

Front 65

settlements in England that were granted some self-government

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borough

Front 66

landowning nobles of Russia

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boyars

Front 67

a rare metallic chemical element of high economic value

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bullion

Front 68

whenever any one or more species populates a new area

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colonization

Front 69

an Islamic shrine and a major landmark located on the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem

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Dome of the Rock

Front 70

to be a muslim, all believers have to carry out five duties known as: faith, prayer ,alms, fasting, and pilgrimage

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Five Pillars

Front 71

an association of craftsmen in a particular trade

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guild

Front 72

a person who expresses or acts on opinions considered to be heresy[ going against the Christian Church]

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heretic

Front 73

the geographical region of the Levant called Land of Canaan or Land of Israel in the Bible, and constitutes the Promised land

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Holy Land

Front 74

the moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that stresses independence and self-reliance

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individualism

Front 75

traditionally young male servant

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page

Front 76

office of the pope

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papacy

Front 77

an agricultural worker who subsists by working a small plot of ground

Back 77

peasant

Front 78

title of certain religious leaders, now used principally to refer to leaders such as the Pope of the Catholic Church and of the Coptic Orthodox Church

Back 78

pontiff

Front 79

groups or individuals that innocently bear the blame for others

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scapegoat

Front 80

a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition and/or assault

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siege

Front 81

organizing principle of rural economy and society widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe

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manorialism

Front 82

a man-at-arms in the service of a knight, often as his apprentice

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squire

Front 83

a one-tenth part of something, paid as a (usually) voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Christian religious organization

Back 83

tithe

Front 84

that a person is tolerant of other cultures and lifestyles no matter how different they are

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well-roundedness