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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's the difference in significance and control of soil and root nematodes versus aerial nematodes?
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Soil and root nematodes are the most significant and difficult to control. Aerial ones- stem and leaf nematodes are easier to control
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What are important factors for effective nematicides?
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well distributed in soil via air or water capillary systems
half-life important (1-4 months) divide into fumigants or water-soluble agents |
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What types of fumigants are nematicides, are fumigants expensive?
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Yes they are expensive =0
Halogenated hydrocarbons Isothiocyanates |
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What are terrestrial molluscs level of importance as chewing pests?
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snails relatively INSIGNIFICANT role as chewing pests EXCEPT in plague situation
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What type of molluscs cause the most damage?
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Slugs
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How do molluscs serve as intermediate hosts?
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they serve as hosts in developmental stages of various parasitic worms (flukes)
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What is a challenge in using molluscicides?
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Aquatic environment requires careful control
Small market for these compounds |
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What are some examples of molluscicides?
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Methylcarbamates- contact and stomach poisons
Metaldehyde- same as MC (Linus Pauling since 1934) Sodium pentachlorophenolate- uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, however very toxic to fish and food chain; highly bioactive and cheap (hard to get out of water) Niclosamide- same as above- first used to control schisotosomiasis- nontoxic to humans, but to water fauna |
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What are the requirements for an effective rodent bait?
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Lack repellant properties (taste, odor) and does not cause "bait shyness"
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What is "bait shyness"?
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mice/rats nibble on food and if there is any sign of ill effect or nastiness, they will stop eating that food or anything similar. must train mice to eat food of nontoxic types and then introduce the toxin
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Why is selectivity important for rodenticides and what is the most selective type?
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Selectivity is important because humans and domestic animals are similar physiologically
The most selective type is anticoagulants |
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What is the difference between acute and chronic poisons?
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Acute is fully effective after a single dose
Chronic involves multiple doses |
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Why is scilliroside safe to humans and domestic animals?
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it's safe because it is an emetic (rats do not vomit)
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How do narcotics works as rodenticides?
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"knock out drops" rodent dies from hypothermia
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What is an anticoagulant and how does it kill rodents?
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They inhibit blood platelet coagulation and they're competitive antagonists of vitamin K1 which is displaced from its role in the formation of prothrombin
It causes internal bleeding in organs and tissues |
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Is bait shyness a problem for anticoagulants?
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no, rodent does not perceive the poisoning
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If a child accidentally ingests anticoagulant rodent bait, what is an antidote and why?
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vitamin K1, restores coagulating effect
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For rodents that are resistant to conventional anticoagulants, what can be used instead?
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broadifacoum and bromadiolone
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With the evolution of resistant "super rats" many anticoagulant rodenticides are ineffective, but which rodenticides remain ineffective?
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Broadifacoum and difenacoum remain effective
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