3.6 Programming Paradigms

Front 1

Name 4 types of programming paradigms

Back 1

Low Level

Procedural

Object-Oriented

Declaritive

Front 2

What is a low level language?

Back 2

1. A low level language is very similar to the direct language computers understand

2. It tends to have a one to one relationship with machine code

Front 3

Example of a low level language?

Back 3

Assembly language

(comprised of mnemonics)

Front 4

Benefits of low level languages?

Back 4

1. The code is close to the language directly understood by the processor so...

2. The code will take up as little memory as possible - good for devices with limited memory (microwave, washing machine, etc)

3. Allows you to access memory locations directly

Front 5

What is a high level language?

Back 5

These are languages that are written in a way that is closer to human language (as oppose to machine code)

Front 6

4 features of a high level language?

Back 6

They are:

1. More portable than low level languages

2. Easy to maintain

3. Can use library routines

3. Good at solving more complex problems

Front 7

4 points to describe a procedural language

Back 7

1. Procedural programs will state what to do and describe, step by step, how to do it

2. They use sequence, selection and and iteration constructions

3. The code is written in 'blocks' called procedures or functions

4. There will be a 'main' subroutine that calls each procedure/function as appropriate

Front 8

What is an object-oriented language?

Back 8

The attributes and methods to manipulate the attributes are stored together in 'Objects'.

These objects can be used over and over again in different programs.

Front 9

Example of an object-oriented language?

Back 9

JAVA - Lets you make classes and creates instances of theses classes - referred to as objects

Front 10

What are the three main parts of a class?

Back 10

Class Name

Attributes - data than can be stored about the object

Methods - behaviours/operations that can be applied to the data

Front 11

Definition of a class?

Back 11

A template for a real world entity containing an appropriate set of attributes and behaviours

Front 12

Definition of an object?

Back 12

An instance of a class with specific data values for each attribute based on a real world entity

Front 13

What is data encapsulation?

Back 13

In OOP the attributes and methods that can operate on them are stored together. The only way to access/manipulate the attributes is through the methods provided.

Front 14

Benefits od data encapsulation?

Back 14

It ensures data integrity so that the actual class code cannot be tampered with by the user.

Inefficient methods can be changed in the class without affecting each individual instance of that class.

Front 15

What is inheritance?

Back 15

The ability of a class to use the variables and methods of a superclass from which it is derived

Front 16

What is a UML diagram?

Back 16

The unified modelling consists of a set of descriptive diagrammatic representations to describe the design of a system in order to make effective object-oriented programs

Front 17

Why do we use UML diagrams?

Back 17

1. UML diagrams are a standard way to present the design of the system

2. Allows the systems analyst, programmers and clients to communicate easier

3. Provide information in a visual format making it easy to understand.

4. Allows easier system maintenance

Front 18

What does the ... mean at the bottom of each diagram?

Back 18

Indicates that there are more operations available and it is likely only the key ones are being shown.

Front 19

What do object diagrams show?

Back 19

1. Provide information about instances of a class

2. And how they link within the program

Front 20

What do sequence diagrams show?

Back 20

How the objects in the classes interact with one another over a period of time

Front 21

How to read a sequence diagram?

Back 21

1. The diagram id read from left to right

2. The lifeline signifies the length of time a class is involved in a process (earliest time is at the top, latest time is at the bottom

3. Activation block shows that an object is executing an operation

Front 22

Difference between communication diagrams and object diagrams?

Back 22

Communication diagrams have an ARROW with a label

Front 23

What do state diagrams show?

Back 23

How an object may behave through the various processes of a system

Front 24

What does an activity diagram show?

Back 24

Shows the activities needed to get an object to a specific state

Front 25

What do use case diagrams show?

Back 25

They depict what is meant to be going on in a system rather than the details of how it is done. The stick men (uses) are referred to as actors.

Front 26

What are the 7 UML diagrams

Back 26

Activity

Use Case

Sequence

Class

Communication

Object

State

Front 27

What is declarative programming?

Back 27

The computer is told what the problem is using facts and rules but not how to solve the problem/how to do it.

Front 28

Where is declarative programming useful?

Back 28

It is useful in AI and knowledge based systems such as medical diagnosis and fault finding in equipment.

Front 29

What is a PREDICATE

Back 29

The value before the brackets

Front 30

What are ARGUMENTS

Back 30

The value inside the bracket

Front 31

What do we call Predicates and Arguments when they are together

Back 31

FACTS

Front 32

father(X,Y :-parent(x,y), male(x) is an example of what?

Back 32

RULE

Front 33

What is "?male(X)" an example of?

Back 33

GOAL