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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S/S of HH
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no s/s till lower esophogeal sphincter fails
gastric reflux heartburn substernal pain regurg dysphagia/painful swallowing belching |
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what is used to diagnose HH
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endoscopy
barium swallow w flouroscopy |
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what methods used to tx HH
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smaller meals
stomach acid meds reduce intra-abd pressure (lose weight) surgery - nissen fundoplication - reinforce gastroesophageal sphincter |
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what meds are used to tx HH
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antacids - short acting
H2 receptor blocker proton pump inhibitor antiemetics |
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how to H2 receptor blockers help HH
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partially block stomach acid by inhibit histamine
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how do proton pump inhibitors help HH
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deactivate acid pumps in stomach cells - long lasting relief - dangerous over 14 days
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nursing interventions for HH
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provide small frequent meals
limit volume in stomach avoid acidic foods, ETOH, tobacco maintain upright position during/after meals elevate head during sleep to prevent regurg prevent increased abd pressure |
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what causes gastroenteritis
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diseases
food poisoning |
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s/sof gastroenteritis
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diarhea
bobborygmi (hyperactive BT) |
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TX for gastroenteritis
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anti-diarrhe meds
progresive diet from liquid to bland, hi protein, hi cal, lo fat, lo bulk IV fluids to tx electrolyte loss |
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most common cause of acute gastritis
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alcohol
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causes of acute gastritis
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stress
alcohol meds bacteria/virus |
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what meds cause acute gastritis
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aspirin
anti-inflamm corticosteroids |
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what bacteria/viri cause acute gastritis
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helicobacter pylori
campylobacter pylori |
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S/S of gastritis
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anorexia
n/v epigastric fullness belching vague epigastric pain intol spicy/fatty food diarrhea/cramps if caused by infection dehydration pernicious anemia |
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meds used for gastritis TX
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1-2 week course of triple therapy
2 anti-infective agents 1 proton pump inhibitor |
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what vaccine is being tested to prevent H pylori
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helivax
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nonpharm tx methods for gastritis
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smaller meals
bland diet avoid ETOH, smoking, caffeine |
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how are H Pylori infections diagnosed
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urea breath test
blood test for H Pylori antibodies |
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describe gastric ulcers
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2:1 male ages 50-70
lower class malnourished |
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describe duodenal ulcers
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80% of PUD
3:1 male ages 30-50 execs/leaders well-nourished |
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what causes most gastric ulcers
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breakdown in body's protective mechanisms
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what causes most duodenal ulcers
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hypersecretion of gastric acids
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describe gastric ulcer pain
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pain on empty stomach or shortly after meal
vommiting common |
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describe duodenal ulcer pain
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pain 1-2 hrs after meal and at night
vommiting NOT common |
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what is the #1 HH surgery complication
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pneumonia
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what is the ideal diet for ulcers
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dont eat whatever causes pain
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what is a common complication following Billroth 1 or 2
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pernicious anemia
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how much blood would be "normal" after bowel surgery
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30-60 mL
old, dark, non-arterial |
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describe low-residue diet
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low fiber
low bulk |
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how is a paralytic ileus treated
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NPO
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what are common complications of GI surgery
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pneumonia - MOST common
dumping syndrome pernicious anemia paralytic ileus peritonitis |
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what must be done prior to adjusting an NG
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obtain DR order
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can an NG be irrigated w/o DR order?
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no
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s/s of NG blockage
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abd distention
n/v pain |
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what are the big differences btw UC and CD
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layers of intestine affected and location of affected portion
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describe UC
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frequent bloody purulent stools
begins in rectum only affects mucosa layer iron deficiency anemia |
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describe CD
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more small intestine involved
all layers of intestine affected progresive dz fever, abd pain, diarrhea |
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how are CD and UC diagnosed
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colonoscopy
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why are sulfonamides prescribed for CD/UC
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to control infection AND decrease inflammation
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why is bedrest prescribed for CD/UC
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to rest bowels
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