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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the synthesis of serotonin |
Serotonin is synthesised in two steps. Tryptophan is converted into 5-hydroxytryptophane, which is then converted into 5-hydroxytryptamine by aromatic acid decarboxylase. |
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Describe the metabolism of serotonin |
Serotonin is metabolised also in two steps; first by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and then by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). |
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Which serotonin receptors are most important, and what is their signal? |
5-HT1 - Gi coupled 5-HT2 - Gq coupled 5-HT3 - Ligand-gated Na, K channel 5-HT4 - Gs coupled |
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Name some serotonin agonists and their indications |
Buspirone - anxiolytic Sumatriptan, almotriptan - abortion of migraines LSD, psilocybin - psychomimetic drugs Metoclopramide, prucalopride - prokinetic drugs (Lorcaserin - anti-obesity) |
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Name some serotonin antagonists and their indications |
Cyproheptadine - treats serotonin syndrome Clozapine, olanzapine - atypical antipsychotics Pizotifen - migrain prophylaxis Ondansetron, granisetron - antiemetics |
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Name some drugs that act on serotonergic neurons |
SSRIs - fluoxetine, paroxetine SNRIs - venlafaxine, duloxetine MAO-A inhibitors - Moclobemide |
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What is the cause of serotonin syndrome? |
- MAO inhibitors
- SSRIs - SNRIs - Tricyclic antidepressants - MDMA Any drug that increases serotonin levels, especially when combined. |
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What is the treatment of serotonin syndrome? |
Cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist. Cooling of the patient. |
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Which drugs are used in the abortive therapy of migraines? |
- NSAIDs - Triptans: Sumatriptan, almotriptan - (Ergotamine) |
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Which drugs are used in the prophylactic therapy of migraines? |
Beta blockers: Metoprolol, propranolol Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitryptiline Anti-epileptics: Topiramate Valproate Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil CGRP antagonists: Erenumab Serotonin antagonists: Pizotifen |
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What is the mechanism of action of triptans? |
The triptans are selective 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D agonists. They vasoconstrict meningeal vessels and modulate pain sensation in the trigeminal ganglion. |
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For what reason is ergotamine rarely used nowadays to abort migraines? |
Ergotamine can cause severe peripheral vasoconstriction (including the coronaries) with possibility of gangrene |
