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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some protein pump inhibitors |
Omeprazole, esomeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole |
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What are the indications of protein pump inhibitors? |
Peptic ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison, acid reflux |
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What is the mechanism of action of protein pump inhibitors? |
PPIs bind to the proton pump in parietal cells and inhibit them irreversibly. These drugs are weak bases so thanks to the low pH inside the parietal cells these drugs are "trapped" inside the cells. |
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What is special for the preparation of protein pump inhibitors? |
Oral preparations of PPIs consist of enteric coated granules that prevent them from being trapped in the acidic environment of the stomach. |
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Which groups of drugs can be used in the treatment of peptic ulcers? |
- Protein pump inhibitors - Histamine H2 receptor antagonists - Muscarinic antagonists - Antacids - Mucosal protectants |
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Name some histamine H2 receptor antagonists |
Cimetidine, ranitidine |
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Name some muscarinic antagonists |
Pirenzepine, telenzepine |
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Mention some antacids and how we classify them. |
Systemic antacids: Sodium bicarbonate Sodium citrate. Non-systemic antacids: Magnesium hydroxide - Mg(OH)2 Aluminum hydroxide - Al(OH)3 |
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Why are salts of magnesium and aluminium combined when used as antacids? |
Magnesium salts cause diarrhoea and aluminium salts cause constipation, but by combining them can we preserve normal bowel function |
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When are magnesium and aluminium antacids contraindicated? |
In patients with renal failure. |
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What can occur if one takes antacids and milk simultaneously? |
Milk-alkali syndrome |
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Name some mucosal protectants |
Sucralfate, bismuth compounds, misoprostol |
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What is the "triple treatment" of H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer? |
- A protein pump inhibitor - Clarithromycin - Amoxicillin or metronidazole |
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What are the side effects of PPI treatment? |
GI symptoms Increased risk for C. difficile Long-term: osteoporosis |
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What is the difference between systemic and non-systemic antacids?
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Systemic antacids are absorbed while non-systemic ones are not. |
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What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate? |
It creates a gel-like protective layer on the mucosa and ulcers. |
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What is the mechanism of action of bismuth compounds? |
They form a protective layer on the mucosa. |
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What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol? |
Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue. Prostaglandin E1 has protective effects on the mucosa. It decreases acid secretion, increases mucous and HCO3- secretion and increases mucosal blood flow. |
