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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the function of the Cremaster muscle
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It controls the size of the scrotum by responding to ambient temperature. This is to keep the testes at 3 degree Celsius below abdominal temperature, the best temperature for reproducing sperm!
Cold- cremaster muscle contracts Warm-cremaster muscle relaxed |
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Why is the testis on the left lower than the right?
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because left spermatic cord is longer.
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What structures provide transport of sperm?
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Epididymis
Vas Deferens Ejaculatory Duct |
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Epididymis
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Marked coiled duct system
Main STORAGE for sperm |
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Vas Deferens
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Approximates with other vessels (arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves) to form spermatic cord
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Ejaculatory duct
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empties into urethra
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Where do the lymphatics of penis and scrotal surface drain?
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they drain into the inguinal lymphnodes
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Where do the testes drain?
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into the abdomen
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What is the significance of inguinal canal and femoral canal?
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they are potential sites for hernia
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What are the benefits of circumcision?
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lowers risk STDs esp. syphillis
Chancroid and somewhat reduce risk of genital herpes Cirscumcised men have lower risk of acquiring genital HPV Their partners have lower risk of cervical cancer |
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What are the disadvantages of circumcision?
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Small risk of:
Complications such as sepsis, amputation of the distal edge of the glans Removal of an excessive amount of foreskin urethrocutaneous fistula Significant pain |
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During exam how should your patient be positioned?
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Male patient standing position with undershorts down and appropraite draping. Examiner should be sitting.
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How would you teach your male patient regarding testicular self examination?
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1.Examine testicles once a month in the shower when hands are warm and soapy and the scrotum is warm.
2.Hold the scrotum in the palm of your hand and gently feel each testicle using your thumb and first 2 fingers. 3. Testicle is egg shaped and movable 4. It feels rubbery with smooth surface like boiled egg If you ever notice firm, painless lump, and hard area, or an overall enlarged testicle, call ur DR for further check. |
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Epididymitis
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S: pain of sudden onset in scrotum, somewhat relieved by elevation (positive Phren's sign)
O: Enlarged scrotum, red, tender to palpation. Lab: increased WBC, bacteria in urine A: tender swelling of epididymis |
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Varicocele
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S: dull pain, dragging or pulling feeling
O: Usually no sign.May show bluish color through light scrotal skin A: soft mass on spermatic cord |
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How would you palpate Varicocele of spermatic cord?
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when standing, feel soft, irregular mass posterior to and above testis
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Spermatocele
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S: painless, usually found of examination
O: Inspection- does transilluminate higher in the scrotum than a hydrocele and the sperm may fluoresce Palpation: round, freely movable mass ;lying above and behind testis. If large, feels like a third testis A; free cystic mass on epididymis |
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2 kinds of Testicular tumor
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Early Tesitcular tumor (painless, firm solitary nodule
Diffuse Tumor: Enlarged testis Does not transilluminate Palpation-enlarged, smooth, ovoid, firm Nontender swelling of testis |
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What is important to note about diffuse tumor?
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It is firm to palpation does NOT cause usual sickening discomfort as with normal testis
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Hydrocele
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S: Painless swelling. Pt complains of bulk or weight in scrotum
O: Enlargedmass does Transilluminate wth pink or red glow Palpation- nontender mass A: Nontender swelling of testis |
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Indirect Inguinal Hernia
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Sac herniates through internal inguinal ring, can reamin in canal of pass inot scrotum
Congenital or acquired -MOST COMMON HERNIA more commn in infants <1 year and males 16-20 yrs old Pain with straining, soft swelling |
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Direct Inguinal Hernia
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Directly behind and through external inguinal lring, above inguinal ligament
rarely entres scrotum Usually painless; swelling close to the pubis in area of internall inguinal ring; easily reduce when supine Caused by acquired weakness from heavy lifting , obisity , chronic cough, ascites |
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Femoral Hernia
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Through femoral ring and canal, most often on right side
Pain may be SEVERE Least common Caused by acquired due to increased abdominal pressure, muscle weakness, or frequent stooping |
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Symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy in older men
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dysuria and oliguria
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What is the first physical sign associated with puberty in boys?
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testes enlargement
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Phimosis
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an adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, making it impossible to retract skin.
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What is the normal age related change in the scrotum?
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penduous scrotum
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During transillumination of the scrotum, you note a nontender mass that transillumintes with red glow. This finding is suggestive of...
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Hydrocele
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The congenital displacement of the urethral meatus to the inferior surgace of the penis is...
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hypoesthesia
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