Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Welcome Everyone. Today's lesson has to do with Rhinitis, Coughs, and Colds.
6 of the drugs for Rhinitis, 2 you have learned already. There are 4 types of drugs administered for Rhinitis. What are they? |
-->Antihistamines
block H receptors to decrease itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea) -->Glucocorticoids -->Cromolyn -->Sympathomimetics stimulate alpha 1 receptors in nasal BV. Causes vasoconstriction. Only reduce nasal congestion. |
|
Antihistamines:
~DIPHENHYDRAMINE [Benadryl] 1st gen & FEXOFENADINE [Allegra] 2nd gen~ Both are given orally Mechanism of Action Therapeutic Effects |
MOA: H1-receptor antagonists
Tx: Prevents itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea (excess discharge of mucus from nose) -Does not decrease nasal congestion; no value for cold treatment; best when taken prophylactically |
|
Diphenhydramine & Fexofenadine
Adverse Effects |
Sedation (esp w/ 1st Generation meds)
Other SE are mild: dry mouth, constipation, or urinary hesitancy |
|
Glucocorticoids, intranasal
~BECLOMETHASONE [Beconase] ~ You KNOW this one already: Give a quick MOA and SE on this. |
MOA: prevent inflammatory response (prevent all major symptoms of allergic rhinitis)
SE: nasal irritation |
|
~CROMOLYN [NasalCrom] ~, intranasal
You KNOW this one already: Give a quick MOA and SE on this. |
MOA: Mast Cell Stabilizer (which means...)
No benefit for nonallergic rhinitis takes 1 week to see beneficial effects SE: Do you remember? -safest, occasional cough and bronchospasm- |
|
Sympathomimetics (oral/nasal):
~PSEUDOEPHEDRINE [Sudafed]& PHENYLEPHRINE [Neo-Synephrine]~ What is it's MOA? |
Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine:
-Stimulate alpha1-adrenergic receptors on smooth muscle of nasal blood vessels -Leads to vasoconstriction and decreased nasal drainage |
|
Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine:
Adverse Effects? |
Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine SE:
-CNS stimulation (most common -effect w/oral) -Rebound congestion (w/topical), cannot be used for chronic rhinitis b/c increase dosage requirement -Cardiovascular effects vasoconstriction (w/oral); could be hazardous for people w/HTN or coronary artery disease -Hemorrhagic stroke -Abuse potential—Effects similar to amphetamines |
|
Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine:
What was it's Class again? |
Pseudoephedrine & Phenylephrine class:
Sympathomimetics (oral/nasal) |
|
This next drug will be specifically for "COUGHS".
|
To think you could get rid of something "simple" as a cough!
|
|
Antitussives (Drugs that suppress cough but these are not intended to suppress "productive" coughs)
What are the two drugs that you will learn for Opioid antitussives? |
Opioid antitussives:
~CODEINE & HYDROCODONE~ Used to suppress cough be acting w/in CNS and peripherally. All opioids can do so. |
|
Codeine:
Most effective to decrease frequency and intensity of cough. |
Hydrocodone (Vicodin):
More potent, increased risk of abuse *Hugh Laurie in the tv show, House, is addicted to Vicodin* |
|
Antitussives:
What are the two drugs that you will learn for Nonopioid antitussives? |
~DEXTROMETHORPHAN & DIPHENHYDRAMINE~
|
|
Dextromethorphan [Robitussin DM]
Most effective nonopioid; acts in CNS Opioid derivative; may produce analgesia, euphoria, or physical dependence; adverse effects at therapeutic concentrations are generally mild *Popular for kids to get a swig out of this* |
Diphenhydramine [Benadryl]
Can also suppress cough Sedative and anticholinergic properties |
|
COLD Remedies:
They often have 2+ of the following: Can you name a few? We went over all of them =) |
Nasal decongestant
Antitussive Analgesic Antihistamine (for anticholinergic actions) Caffeine (for offsetting sedation from antihistamine) *DON'T use antibacterial drugs unless infection developed* |
|
Thats all for Rhinitis, Coughs, and Colds!
|
Review to grasp these drugs better!
|