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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When macrophages/DC regognizes LPS (_____) via TLR4 (_______), they start expressing what? This signals to the hypothalamus to trigger fever. Also signal to bone marrow to increase WBC & neutrophils. _____ & _____ & ______ are made by endothelial cells via Type ___ endothelial activation.
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- PAMP
- PRR - TNF-alpha & IL-1 - selectins & integrins & chemokines - Type II |
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The 3 areas of greatest variability in the antigen binding site are called the _________. These sites are considered hypervariable. How many are there on each light / heavy chain?
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- complementarity-determing regions (CDRs)
- 3 per light/heavy chain |
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What are the 5 different immunoglobulin classes?
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- IgM
- IgD - IgA - IgE - IgG - IgA |
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What are the different subclasses of IgG? IgA? How many different constant regions does this make?
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- IgG1, 2, 3, 4
- IgA1, 2 - 9 different possible heavy chain constant regions |
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What are the light chain options?
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- kappa or lambda --> doesn't matter functionally which one it is
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_____ is secreted with a pentamer, requiring _____ to hold it together. ____ is secreted as a dimer, requiring ___ to hold it together.
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- IgM
- J chain - IgA - J chain |
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What are the 2 signaling molecules associated with B cell membrane Igs?
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- Ig beta
- Ig alpha - heterodimer that delivers signals to the cells |
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Naïve B cells have BCRs of both
_____ & _____ classes. The BCR of a memory B cell will be _______ & _____ & ______ (never more than class). |
- IgM and IgD
- IgG, or IgA or IgE |
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What Ig molecules are associated with: Neutralization, complement activation, opsonization, ADCC, mast cell activation?
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- neutralization: IgG & IgA
- complement activation: IgG & IgM - opsonizaiton: IgG - ADCC: IgG - Mast Cell activation: IgE |
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neutralization
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- IgG & IgA
- neutralization of virus or toxin by antibody - antibody blocks binding to virus receptor so it blocks fusion ability of virus |
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inhibition of bacterial adhesion by antibody
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- antibodies coat bacteria & block colonization & uptake
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opsonization
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- associated with IgG
- Fc-gamma receptors mediate opsonization - IgG functions as an opsonin as well as C3b - aggregation of immunoglobulins on bacterial surface allows cross-linking of Fc receptors |
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antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
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- IgG mediated
- natural killer cells express Fc-gamma receptor - Fc receptor recognize antibody coated target cell - NK cell initiates apoptosis in virus infected & tumor cell |
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Mast cell activation
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- mediated by IgE
- cross linking of IgE receptor on mast cell |
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What 3 antibody functions are FcR dependent?
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- opsonization (Fc gamma receptor)
- ADCC (Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) - Fc-gamma receptor - Mast Cell activation - FcE receptors |
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____ coats the mucosal surfaces and is the secretory antibody. ____ is confined to the blood because of it's size. ____ is transferred to the fetus for a couple of months (half life of about 3 weeks providing _______ immunity) and also in the blood and major tissues. _____ is expressed in mucosal surfaces b/c it can stimulate mast cells.
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- dimeric IgA
- pentameric IgM - IgG - passive immunity - IgE |
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During a primary response, plasma cells secrete mostly ______ or _____ ,whereas during a memory response they will secrete what?
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- IgM pentamers, IgD
- IgA, IgG, IgE |
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How is mast cell degranulation different than opsonizaiton & ADCC in terms of Ig binding to the Fc receptors?
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- in mast cells the IgE is bound to the Fc epsilon receptor BEFORE IgE binds the antigen
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To get dimeric IgA across epithelial surfaces to mucosal surfaces, it binds __________ and is transcytosed. During this process the dimeric IgA binds _____ to the plgR. The release of IgA is initiated by cleavage, what happens here? IgA + SC = _________.
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- polymeric Ig receptor
- covalently - part of receptor remains bound to IgA - called secretory component - secretory IgA |
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What happens when you have an immune response at one mucosal site?
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- IgA secreting cells will migrate to distant mucosal sites
- basically you start immunizing all the mucosal surfaces |
