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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
classes of drugs used in HTN?
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1) diuretics (thiazides, potassium sparing, loop)
2) SARA 3) vasodilators 4) a1 blockers 5) a2 agonists 6) B blockers 7) nerve terminal blockers 8) ganglionic blockers 9) ACE inhibitors 10) ARBs 11) renin inhibitor 12) Ca channel blockers |
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general adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs?
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lassitude, dizziness, HA, drowsiness, palpitations
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antihypertensive DOC for pts with renal disease?
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vasodilators
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1) impotence is a problem with what antihypertensive drugs?
2) how do you alleviate this problem? |
1) alpha-methyl DOPA, clonidine, reserpine, guanethidine
2) give prazosin |
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adverse effects of B blockers?
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CNS (lethargy, fatigue, insomnia), hypotension, HDL decrease, triglyceride increase, rebound HTN and arrhythmias upon withdrawl
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other uses of ACE inhibitors?
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diabetic nephropathy and scleroderma, preserve LV
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All ACE inhibitors except __ are eliminated via the kidneys. Dose adjustment is necessary for these drugs in renal insufficiency
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fosinopril and moexipril
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adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?
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dry COUGH, rashes, fever, altered taste, HYPERKALEMIA, FETOTOXIC. 1st dose syncope and ANGIOEDEMA (giant hives)
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route of nicardipine?
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oral and IV
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which Ca channel blocker is used to treat subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than HTN?
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nimodipine
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which antihypertensive drugs vasodilate, but cause fewer compensatory responses (reflex tachycardia) than direct vasodilators?
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ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca channel blockers
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adverse effects of verapamil and diltiazem?
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sinus BRADYCARDIA, reflex sinus tachycardia, transient asystole, AV block, hypotension, syncope, dizziness, flushing, lethargy, drowsiness, HA, fatigue, tinnitus, peripheral edema, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain
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which have greater effects on vasodilation and coronary flow, verapamil and diltiazem or the dihydropyridines?
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the dihydropyridines
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other uses of nifedipine?
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Prinzmetal's angina, Raynaud, variant angina
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other uses of verapamil?
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atrial fibrillation (decreases LV hypertrophy)
(DONT use in pts with depressed cardiac function, HF, or on digoxin) |
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other uses of diltiazem
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variant angina (relieves coronary vasospasm)
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adverse effects of nifedipine?
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PERIPHERAL EDEMA, worsening of angina (reflex tachycardia), MI, dyspnea, wheezing, paresthesia, immune-complex GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, vertigo, visual disturbances, flushing, weakness, HA, syncope, hypotension, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness
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T/F: Prazosin relaxes BOTH arterial and venous smooth muscle.MINIMAL effect on CO, renal blood flow, & GFR. Long-term tachycardia and increased renin release DO NOT OCCUR (but postural hypotension may occur). NO CNS actions. can cause REFLEX TACHYCARDIA and 1st dose syncope
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T
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**which antihypertensive drugs can be used in pregnancy?
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methyl DOPA, clonidine
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Clonidine and methyl DOPA are useful in Tx of HTN complicated by __ since they do not decrease __ or __
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renal disease;
renal blood flow; glomerular filtration |
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**which anithypertensive drugs are prodrugs?
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alpha methyl DOPA, ACE inhibitors (enalapril)
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adverse effects of methyl DOPA
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drowsiness, sedation, GYNECOMASTIA HEMATOLOGICAL IMMUNOTOXICITY, agglutinated sheep RBCs (positive Coombs test) that can progress to HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
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Adverse effects of clonidine
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SALT RETENTION, d/c --> REBOUND HTN, sedation, drying of nasal mucosa, aggravates BRADYCARDIA in pts w/ SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION
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MOA of vasodilators?
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1) release NO
2) open K channels --> hyperpolarization 3) block Ca channels |
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**which antihypertensive drug can cause lupus-like syndrome?
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hydralazine
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**which antihypertensive drug can cause hypertrichosis?
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minoxidil
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direct vasodilators can lead to __ and that's why they should be administered with a B blocker and diuretic
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reflex tachycardia and salt retention
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adverse effects of guanethidine?
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postural hypotension, sexual dysfunction, explosive diarrhea, fatigue
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** drugs used in hypertensive emergencies
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STD FLEM
1) sodium nitroprusside 2) diazoxide 3) labetalol and carvedilol 4) trimethaphan 5) fenoldopam 6) methyldopa 7) esmolol |
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metabolism of sodium nitroprusside results in ___, which can be treated with ___
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cyanide;
sodium thiosulfate |
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other uses of diazoxide?
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hypertensive encephalopathy and eclamsia
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which drug is used in elderly or black hypertensive pts, in whom increased peripheral vascular resistance is undesirable?
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labetalol
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other uses of trimethaphan?
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acute aortic dissection, inducing controlled hypotension for neurosurgery
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which HTN drug can cause an increase in IOP and be use in pts with renal dysfunction?
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fenoldopam
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adverse effects of trimethaphan?
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sympathoplegia (orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction)
parasympathoplegia (constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, dry mouth) |