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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What part of the cell cycle does cyclophosphamide inhibit?
|
- G2
- M - G1 - G0 - S |
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What part of the cell cycle does azathioprine inhibit?
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- S
- G1 |
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What part of the cell cycle does Mycophenolate inhibit?
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- S
- G1 |
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What part of the cell cycle is inhibited by methotrexate?
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- S
- G1 |
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Define cancer
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Unregulated cell cycle
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4 objectives of antineoplastics
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- Increase patient survival time
- Improve quality of life - Reduce tumor size - Reduce/prevent metastasis |
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5 things that use of chemo agents is based on
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- Tumor type
- Stage of malignancy - Patient condition - Tumor responsiveness to chemotherapy - Constraints of owner |
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3 primary toxicities of antineoplastics
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- Bone marrow suppression
- GI disturbances - Alopecia (owner doesn't like) |
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Extravasation (define)
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Leakage of a drug outside of vasculature
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AE of extravasation (2)
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- Tissue necrosis
- Sloughing of skin |
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3 drugs that can cause extravasation
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- Doxorubicin
- Vincristine - Vinblastine |
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6 reasons for therapeutic failure with antineoplastics
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- Resistance
- Incorrect dosage - Wrong drug - Slow growing tumor - Inability to reach all cancer cells - Patient toxicity |
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8 causes of resistance in antineoplastics
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- Selecting for resistance
- Altered ADME - Tumor blood flow - Low [drug] - Drug inactivation - Change in target receptor - Repair of drug-induced damage - Increased drug efflux |
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3 classes of alkylating agents
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- Nitrogen mustards
- Nitrosureas - Platinum coordination complexes |
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MoA of nitrogen mustards
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Alkylates DNA
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Toxicity of Nitrogen mustards
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Severe bone marrow suppression
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2 Nitrogen mustards
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- Cyclophosphamide
- Chlorambucil |
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AE of Cyclophosphamide
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Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
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MoA of nitrosureas
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Form DNA-DNA and DNA-protein links
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AE of nitrosureas
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Severe bone marrow suppression
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Specificity of nitrosureas
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Cell cycle non-specific
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Two nitrosureas
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- Lomustine
- Carmustine |
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MoA of platinum compounds
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Alkylates DNA
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Specificity of platinum compounds
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Cell cycle non-specific
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Two platinum compounds
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Cisplatin
Carboplatin |
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Which platinum compound is nephrotoxic?
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Cisplatin
|
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Which platinum compound suppresses bone marrow?
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Carboplatin
|
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Which platinum compound should NOT be used in cats?
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Cisplatin
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2 classes of anti-metabolites
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- Folic acid analogs
- Pyrimidine analogs |
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Specificity of Folic acid analogs
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S-phase specific
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Drug that's a folic acid analog
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Methotrexate
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Which part of cell cycle does Methotrexate inhibit?
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S-phase
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AE of methotrexate
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Bone marrow suppression
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MoA of methotrexate
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
- Inhibits DNA synthesis |
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2 pyrimidine analogs
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- Cytarabine
- 5-Fluorouracil |
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MoA of cytarabine
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Inhibits DNA synthesis
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AE of Cytarabine
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Bone marrow suppression
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MoA of 5-fluorouracil
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Inhibits thymidylate synthase
- Alters DNA and RNA synthesis |
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AE of 5-fluorouracil
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Bone marrow suppression
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Which pyrimidine analog drug crosses into the CNS?
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5-fluorouracil
- CI in cats |
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Specificity of pyrimidine analogs
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S-phase specific
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3 natural antineoplastic classes
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- Vinca alkaloids
- Antibiotics - Enzymes |
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2 vinca alkaloids
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- Vincristine
- Vinblastine |
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MoA of vinca alkaloids
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Inhibits functions of microtubules
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Specificity of vinca alkaloids
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M-phase specific
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Which vinca alkaloid agent causes extravasation?
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- Vincristine
- Vinblastine |
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Which vinca alkaloid agent suppresses bone marrow?
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- Vinblastine ***
- Vincristine |
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What drug causes peripheral neuropathy?
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Vincristine
|
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MoA of antineoplastic antibiotics
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Blocks topoisomerase function
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Specificity of Antineoplastic antibiotics
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Cell-cycle non-specific
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Example of an antineoplastic antibiotic
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Doxorubicin
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AE of doxorubicin (2)
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- Cardiotoxic (Dose related)
- Extravasation |
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What enzyme is an anti-neoplastic?
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L-asparaginase
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Specificity of L-asparaginase
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G1 phase
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MoA of L-asparaginase
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Deaminates asparagine
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AE of L-asparaginase
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Anaphylaxis
|
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3 miscellaneous anti-neoplastics
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- Toceranib
- Piroxicam - Prednisone |
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MoA of Toceranib
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Multi-kinase inhibitor
- Competitively binds to kinase site to prevent tumor cells from proliferating |
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MoA of piroxicam
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COX inhibitor
|
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S – DNA synthesis
G2 – pre-mitotic interval M – mitosis G1 - RNA and CNH synthesis G0 - Mitotic arrest |
S – DNA synthesis
G2 – pre-mitotic interval M – mitosis G1 - RNA and CNH synthesis G0 - Mitotic arrest |