Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
cognition
|
- how humans make sense of the world
- the mental process by which human beings gain knowledge; the nexus of relations between the mind at work and the world in which it works |
|
|
perception
|
- how humans organize information
- we break things apart to see their relative similarity or difference from other things experienced - give order to a sensory experience |
|
|
cognitive style: global style
|
- a way of viewing the world that is holistic
- field DEPENDENT (aka context dependent) --see a bundle of relationships and only later see the bits and pieces that are related - subjective/abstracted --emphasized the ambiguities that go beyond the simple form ex) seeing a glass half empty v. half full |
|
|
cognitive style: articulated style
|
- view the world by breaking it up into smaller and smaller pieces, which can be organized into larger chunks
- field independent- consider whatever the happen to be paying attention to APART from its context - objective |
|
|
cognitive style
|
- a recurring pattern of perceptual and intellectual activity
- cultures provide people with a range of cognitive styles that are appropriate for different cognitive tasks in different contexts |
|
|
structural patterns of cognition: the structure of logic
|
- allows us to see order in our complex world
- the different ways in which symbolic systems are organized to represent objects and the relationships between objects and the world |
|
|
Claude Levi- Strauss: structuralism and binary opposition
|
- things can only be understood in contrast to each other
- builds structural patterns in culture- understand them through their structural components that can be understood in terms of their opposition to each other --creates a simple view of the world - ex) the devil= evil. It can only be understood in contrast to something good |
|
|
binary opposition: are they actually opposites?
|
- not everything can fall neatly into being "naturally" opposites ex) dog v. cat
|
|
|
Dunde's ( acritique of Levi-Strauss
|
- Dunde's= folklorist. says that folk speech reveals structural patterns of cognition.
- People dont automatically break things down into categories of two and build up structures based on binary opposition> binary opposition is not universal |
|
|
Dunde's argument: the number 3 in Euro-American culture. the 3 general principles of trichotomy
|
- 3 as an absolute- everything is classified into 2 sets
- beyond 3 as an extreme- there can be extremes beyond and below 3 - a middle point between 2 related points> makes 3 |
|
|
enculturation. 2 theories
|
- the process by which human beings living with one another must learn to COME TO TERMS with the WAYS OF THINKING and FEELING that are considered APPROPRIATE in their respective CULTURES
- theory of the individual, theory of society |
|
|
enculturation: theory of the individual
|
- a sense of individual identity that is INNATE and enculturation molds the individual into patterns of CONFORMITY
- shorter: innate identity+ enculturation> conformity |
|
|
enculturation: theory of society
|
- social life is the most basic form of human experience. social life is what makes us individuals and makes our sense of self, meaningful
|
|
|
cultural construction of binary opposition:
- yin-yang binary opposition (opposition within a singular contained set) - context of physiology: yin and yang organs |
- yin- contracting, descending , cold, heavy, interior, feminine
- yang- expanding, ascending, hot, light, exterior, masculine - shows how binary opposition forms complex world views - theory of how the body works: yin and yang organs function as an arbitrary system - people say no tangible evidence- but what about accupuncture? |
|
|
According to Dunde's, what kind of perception do we have? Examples of 3 as a Folk Cognitive Category
|
- a structure of perception in 3's
- we've grown culturally comfortable with patterns of 3- things would be very different without the third examples: - films= 3 main characters - aconyms- NBC, SOS, TNT - folk speech- 3 cheers - fairytales- 3 blind mice, 3 wishes, 3 little pigs, 3 men in a tub slogans- "cool, calm, and collected" - games- triathlons, first second and third place - unilineal cultural revolution- 3 stages |
