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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the two domain of cells?

bacteria and archea

What are most cells?

Unicellular whilst some are colonial

What are the most common cell shapes?

spherical,rod-shaped, and spiral

Where do prokaryotes thrive?

Mostly everywhere, under extreme & normal conditions. They are also the most abundant as they are microscopic, and have symbiotic relationships organism

cell wall

a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.

What does bacteria have that archaea lacks?

peptidoglycan (also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.)

eukaryote

cellulose or chitin

What is antibiotic and how does it work?

`a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.




`it targets peptidoglycan and damage bacterial cell walls





What is gram staining?

`it is part of the cell wall composition


---it can either be gram positive or gram negative






`

`it is part of the cell wall composition




---it can either be gram positive or gram negative








`







What is the difference between positive and negative gram staining?

`gram - is toxic and antibiotic resistant




`gram + retain the crystal violet stain, unlike gram -





what is capsule?

it is a mucilage coat, polysaccharide & proteins layer 


- it tends to be sticky, a dehydration protection, and it forms immune cells

it is a mucilage coat, polysaccharide & proteins layer




- it tends to be sticky, a dehydration protection, and it forms immune cells







Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote flagella

What is flagella and taxis?

flags are 50% prokaryotes


--thinner and operate differently than eurkaryotes




taxis- movement towards/away from stimuli

fimbriae

sticky substrate or other individual in a colonu

sex pill

longer than fimbriae, allows DNA exchange





What does prokaryotic plasma membranes may do?

infold

How quickly can a prokaryote reproduce and what is binary fission?

It reproduces every 1-3 hours, evolving rapidly (short generation times)




Binary fission (which applies to this) is a asexual reproduction, usually splitting a cell in 2

What is the genomic organization of prokaryotes?

`prokaryotic genome has less DNA