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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two domain of cells? |
bacteria and archea |
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What are most cells? |
Unicellular whilst some are colonial |
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What are the most common cell shapes? |
spherical,rod-shaped, and spiral |
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Where do prokaryotes thrive? |
Mostly everywhere, under extreme & normal conditions. They are also the most abundant as they are microscopic, and have symbiotic relationships organism |
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cell wall |
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
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What does bacteria have that archaea lacks? |
peptidoglycan (also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.) |
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eukaryote |
cellulose or chitin |
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What is antibiotic and how does it work? |
`a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. `it targets peptidoglycan and damage bacterial cell walls |
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What is gram staining? |
`it is part of the cell wall composition ---it can either be gram positive or gram negative ` |
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What is the difference between positive and negative gram staining? |
`gram - is toxic and antibiotic resistant `gram + retain the crystal violet stain, unlike gram - |
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what is capsule? |
it is a mucilage coat, polysaccharide & proteins layer - it tends to be sticky, a dehydration protection, and it forms immune cells |
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Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote flagella |
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What is flagella and taxis? |
flags are 50% prokaryotes --thinner and operate differently than eurkaryotes taxis- movement towards/away from stimuli |
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fimbriae |
sticky substrate or other individual in a colonu |
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sex pill |
longer than fimbriae, allows DNA exchange |
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What does prokaryotic plasma membranes may do? |
infold |
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How quickly can a prokaryote reproduce and what is binary fission? |
It reproduces every 1-3 hours, evolving rapidly (short generation times) Binary fission (which applies to this) is a asexual reproduction, usually splitting a cell in 2 |
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What is the genomic organization of prokaryotes? |
`prokaryotic genome has less DNA |
