2.5Vm - Toxicology - Test Vi - Halogenated Compounds, Pulmonary Irritants, & Toxic Gases

Front 1

Primary MoA of Halogenated Organic Compounds toxicity

Back 1

Biomagnified by animals

Front 2

MoA of Chlorinated Napthalenes

Back 2

Blocks carotene conversion to Vitamin A

Front 3

What does Chlorinated Napthalenes cause?

Back 3

Hyperkeratosis

Front 4

DDx of Chlorinated Napthalenes

Back 4

Vetch spp.

Front 5

Tx of Chlorinated Napthalenes

Back 5

None
- Give Vitamin A pre-exposure to protect

Front 6

2 pathological signs of Chlorinated Napthalenes

Back 6

- Large, pale kidney
- Cystic dilatation of renal tubules

Front 7

What are polybromated biphenyls used as?

Back 7

Fire retardant

Front 8

What caused the "Poisoning of Michigan"?

Back 8

Polybromated biphenyls

Front 9

What disease does Polybromated biphenyls cause?

Back 9

Chicken Edema Dz

Front 10

MoA of Polybromated biphenyls and Polychlorinated biphenyls

Back 10

Converted to Polyhalogenated biphenyls

Front 11

Lesion caused by Polybromated biphenyls

Back 11

Hepatomegally

Front 12

What is the 'blood agent'?

Back 12

Cyanide

Front 13

Two species that Polybromated Biphenyls are bad for

Back 13

- Bald eagles
- Peregrine falcons

Front 14

What is Cyanide found in?

Back 14

Johnson grass

Front 15

What is Agent Orange?

Back 15

2, 4, 5 - T
- A dioxin

Front 16

MoA of Cyanide

Back 16

Antagonizes energy transport in mitochondria

Front 17

MoA of Hexachlorobenzene

Back 17

Inteferes with porphorin metabolism

Front 18

What does Cyanide cause in horses?

Back 18

Sorghum cystitis

Front 19

What does Hexachlorobenzene cause?

Back 19

Phorphoria

Front 20

What causes sorghum cystitis in horses?

Back 20

Cyanide

Front 21

Source of Hexachlorobenzene

Back 21

Herbicide used on seeds

Front 22

3 CS of cyanide in horses

Back 22

- Dribbling urine
- Posterior ataxia
- Full bladder due to no abdominal press

Front 23

MoA of Hexachlorphene

Back 23

Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation
- Increases body temperature

Front 24

Tx of Cyanide (4)

Back 24

- Rhodanese
- Na Nitrite
- Na Thiosulfate
- Hydroxycobalamin

Front 25

What condition does Hexachlorphene cause?

Back 25

Status spongiosus

Front 26

Lesion caused by Hexachlorphene

Back 26

Myelin sheath synthesis blocked

Front 27

What group of animals is most susceptible to Hexachlorphene?

Back 27

Young animals

Front 28

Lesion caused by Trichloroethylene

Back 28

Purkinje cell degeneration

Front 29

What plant causes Purkinje cell degeneration and would be a DDx for Trichloroethylene?

Back 29

Solanum dimidatum

Front 30

Species affected by Trichloroethylene extracted soybean oil meal?

Back 30

Cattle

Front 31

What is a differential for Trichloroethylene extracted soybean oil meal?

Back 31

Bracken fern

Front 32

Three similarities between Trichloroethylene extracted soybean oil meal and Bracken Fern

Back 32

- Both cause aplastic anemias
- Both cause symptoms months after exposure has ceased
- Both affect cattle primarily

Front 33

Three DDx for Trichloroethylene extracted soybean oil meal

Back 33

- Bracken Fern
- Melilotus spp.
- Warfarin

Front 34

4 blood effects of Trichloroethylene extracted soybean oil meal

Back 34

- Aplastic anemia
- Thrombocytopenia
- Lymphocytosis
- Hemorrhage

Front 35

What does pneumoconiosis cause in the lungs?

Back 35

Fibrotic change

Front 36

Three lesions associated with pneumoconiosis

Back 36

- Emphysema
- Fibrogenic response
- Clubbed ends of fingers

Front 37

Which pulmonary irritant has an antibody response develop?

Back 37

Methylisocyanate

Front 38

2 lesions of Methylisocyanate

Back 38

- Severe irritation
- Edema

Front 39

What does Methylisocyanate cause physically?

Back 39

Inability to open eyes

Front 40

What is the chemical name for Teflon?

Back 40

Polytetrafluoroethylene

Front 41

What pulmonary irritant is extremely deadly to birds?

Back 41

Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)

Front 42

Source of ammonia gas

Back 42

Decomposing urine

Front 43

What's the most frequent toxic gas found?

Back 43

Ammonia

Front 44

Three CS of Ammonia

Back 44

- Lacrimation
- Shallow breathing
- Nasal discharge

Front 45

Source of Carbon Dioxide

Back 45

Decomposing manure, fuel burning heaters, respiration, and the atmosphere

Front 46

At what level is CO2 fatal?

Back 46

50%

Front 47

At what level is CO2 anesthetic?

Back 47

25%

Front 48

Three CS of CO2

Back 48

- CNS depression
- Death
- Increased respiration rate

Front 49

Source of Methane Gas

Back 49

Decomposition

Front 50

What level of methane is required for respiratory arrest?

Back 50

~90%

Front 51

Two hazards of methane

Back 51

- Asphyxiation
- Explosive

Front 52

Source of Hydrogen Sulfide gas

Back 52

Decomposing organic sulfur compounds (proteins)

Front 53

Which gas paralyzes the olfactory senses, thus making further exposure more likely?

Back 53

Hydrogen sulfide

Front 54

MoA of H2S

Back 54

Inhibits cytochrome oxidase
- But at a different location than cyanide

Front 55

Which gas causes an immediate collapse due to respiratory paralysis?

Back 55

H2S

Front 56

What two gases are responsible for the most deaths in closed animal facilities?

Back 56

1: CO
2: H2S

Front 57

What does H2S do to the blood?

Back 57

Sulfur hemoglobinemia (brown blood)

Front 58

Two lesions caused by Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Back 58

- Pulmonary edema
- Fetalization of lungs

Front 59

Onset of respiratory disease with NO2

Back 59

Peracute

Front 60

What does CO do to the blood?

Back 60

Forms carboxyhemoglobin

Front 61

MoA of CO

Back 61

Does not allow binding or unloading of O2 from Hgb

Front 62

What does CO do to the oxygen dissociation curve?

Back 62

Left shift but has normal PaO2