24: Anterior Abdominal Wall And Inguinal Canal

Front 1

what are the fascia layers in the abdomen

Back 1

Superficial

Camper's fascia (fatty layer)

Scarpa's fascia (membranous, deep layer)

Front 2

define urinary extravasation

Back 2

superficial fascia layer extends into penis and scrotum (Dartos fascia)

damage to the urethra can make urine/blood go into a 'pocket' surrounded by this fascia

Front 3

briefly describe abdominal lymph drainage

Back 3

umbillicus is the line: above drains up (axillary lymph nodes), below drains down (superficial inguinal lymph nodes)

Front 4

briefly describe venous drainage of the abdomen

Back 4

femoral vein from leg, superficial epigastric vein, thoracoepigastric vein up to axillary vein

Front 5

what are the 3 muscle layers in the abdomen

Back 5

superficial to deep:

external oblique

internal oblique

transversus abdominus

Front 6

describe the external oblique

Back 6

'hands in pockets' (superolateral to inferomedial)

lower 8 ribs

interdigitates with serratus anterior

attaches to aponeurosis (broad, flat tendon)

attaches to anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle and pubic crest (inguinal ligament)

Front 7

define the linea alba

Back 7

connection of left and right side aponeurosis at the midline

Front 8

define the inguinal region

Back 8

where the lower limb attaches to the torso

Front 9

describe the internal oblique

Back 9

fibers opposite direction to external

lower rib attachment, anterior superior iliac spine, aponeurosis, linea alba

lower threads are underneath the inguinal ligament formed by external oblique, arch over the spermatic cord (or round ligament)

Front 10

define the conjoint tendon

Back 10

internal oblique attachment to pubic crest on both sides

Front 11

describe transversus abdominus

Back 11

transverse fibers

lower ribs, aponeurosis at center

anterior superior iliac spine

also under inguinal ligament, arch over spermatic cord (or round ligament) to help form conjoint tendon

Front 12

where is the neurovascular plane located

Back 12

between the internal oblique and transversus abdominus

extensions of intercostal nerves, T7-T11

subcostal nerves T12

anterior cutaneous branch of L1

Front 13

describe rectus abdominis

Back 13

extends from inferior edge of pectoralis major down to pubic crest

tendinous intersections through muscle (make 6 pack)

semilunar line

external oblique aponeurosis-- always in front

at ribs: deep is transversus and apon.

below ribs: ex front, transversus back and internal splits to both

lower: only thing behind is transversalis fascia

transversalis fascia-- always deep

Front 14

define the arcuate line

Back 14

where the deep layer of the rectus sheath stops and all that is left is transversalis fascia

Front 15

describe the epigastric vessels

Back 15

deep to rectus abdominus

superior: extensions of intercostals

inferior: branches of iliac vessels

Front 16

describe the parietal peritoneum

Back 16

analagous to parietal pleura in lungs and parietal pericardium

in abdomen

Front 17

what does the peritoneum form in inguinal region

Back 17

tunica vaginalis (covering of testis)

Front 18

what does the transversalis fascia form in inguinal region

Back 18

deep inguinal ring

becomes internal spermatic fascia in testes

Front 19

what does the transversus abdominus and internal oblique form in inguinal region

Back 19

arching fibers, conjoint tendon

walls of inguinal canal

internal oblique forms cremaster muscle in testes

Front 20

what does the aponeurosis of external oblique form in inguinal region

Back 20

walls of inguinal canal

superficial inguinal ring

external spermatic fascia in testes

Front 21

describe the components of the inguinal canal

Back 21

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

pectineal ligament inferiorly

superficial inguinal ring (Ext. Ab. Oblique and pubic bone)

lateral crus/medial crus, intercrural fibers make ring

Front 22

describe the deep inguinal ring

Back 22

point where 'flat' transversalis fascia becomes round internal spermatic fascia, makes a ring

hard to identify/see

can see the point where it is: internal oblique arches over spermatic cord

Front 23

describe an indirect hernia

Back 23

portion of bowel follows testicular route out of body, through deep ring and canal into scrotal sac

Front 24

describe a direct hernia

Back 24

through wall and canal but not through deep ring

Front 25

describe the ilioinguinal nerve

Back 25

L1 branch, follows spermatic cord to anterior testes

Front 26

define the rectus sheath

Back 26

aponeuroses of transversus, external and internal obliques

contains rectus abdominus