24-26

Front 1

communicable disease

Back 1

disease that is spread from one living thing to another or through the environment

Front 2

pathogen

Back 2

an organism that causes disease

Front 3

infection

Back 3

a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells

Front 4

viruses

Back 4

pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Front 5

bacteria

Back 5

single-celled microorganisms that live almost everywhere on earth

Front 6

toxin

Back 6

substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions

Front 7

vector

Back 7

an organism, usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals

Front 8

immune system

Back 8

a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens

Front 9

inflammatory response

Back 9

a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

Front 10

communicable disease

Back 10

a disease that is spread form one living thing to another or through the environment

Front 11

pathogen

Back 11

an organism that causes disease

Front 12

infection

Back 12

a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells

Front 13

viruses

Back 13

pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Front 14

bacteria

Back 14

single-celled microorganisms

Front 15

bacteria

Back 15

single-celled microorganisms

Front 16

toxin

Back 16

a substance that kills cells or interferes with their function

Front 17

vector

Back 17

an organism, usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals

Front 18

immune system

Back 18

a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens

Front 19

inflammatory response

Back 19

a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection

Front 20

phagocyte

Back 20

a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens

Front 21

antigen

Back 21

a substance that is capable of triggering an immune response

Front 22

immunity

Back 22

the state of being protected against a particular disease

Front 23

lymphocyte

Back 23

a specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity

Front 24

antibody

Back 24

a protein that acts against a specific antigen

Front 25

vaccine

Back 25

a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response

Front 26

pneumonia

Back 26

an infection of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid

Front 27

jaundice

Back 27

a yellowing of the skin and eyes

Front 28

emerging infection

Back 28

communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future

Front 29

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) aka sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Back 29

infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact

Front 30

epidemics

Back 30

occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected

Front 31

abstinence

Back 31

the deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, and alcohol, and other drugs

Front 32

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Back 32

a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection

Front 33

chlamydia

Back 33

a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females

Front 34

genital herpes

Back 34

an std caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of HSV:
Type 1 usually causes cold sores
Type 2 usually causes genital sores

Front 35

gonorrhea

Back 35

a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes

Front 36

trichomoniasis

Back 36

an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder

Front 37

syphilis

Back 37

an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete

Front 38

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 38

a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened

Front 39

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Back 39

a virus that attacks the immune system

Front 40

opportunistic infections

Back 40

infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems

Front 41

asymptomatic stage

Back 41

a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms

Front 42

symptomatic stage

Back 42

the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in immune cells

Front 43

Elisa aka EIA

Back 43

a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood.

Front 44

western blot (WB)

Back 44

the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States

Front 45

pandemic

Back 45

a global outbreak of infectious disease

Front 46

noncommunicable disease

Back 46

a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment

Front 47

cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Back 47

a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels

Front 48

hypertension

Back 48

high blood pressure-pressure that is continually above the normal range for a particular person

Front 49

atherosclerosis

Back 49

the process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls

Front 50

angina pectoris

Back 50

a chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

Front 51

arrhythmias

Back 51

irregular heartbeats

Front 52

cancer

Back 52

the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

Front 53

tumor

Back 53

an abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body

Front 54

benign

Back 54

noncancerous

Front 55

malignant

Back 55

cancerous

Front 56

metastasis

Back 56

the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body

Front 57

biopsy

Back 57

the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination

Front 58

remission

Back 58

a period of time when symptoms disappear

Front 59

histamines

Back 59

chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production in an area

Front 60

asthma

Back 60

an inflammatory condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing

Front 61

diabetes

Back 61

a chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy

Front 62

autoimmune disease

Back 62

a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's own body

Front 63

arthritis

Back 63

a group of more than 100 different diseases that cause pain and loss of movement in the joints

Front 64

osteoarthritis

Back 64

a disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down

Front 65

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 65

a disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation

Front 66

disability

Back 66

any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities, including seeing, hearing, walking, or speaking

Front 67

profound deafness

Back 67

a hearing loss so severe that a person affected cannon benefit from mechanical amplification

Front 68

mental retardation

Back 68

the below-average intellectual ability present from birth or early childhood and associated with difficulties in learning and social adaption

Front 69

americans with disabilities act

Back 69

a law prohibiting discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications