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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the abdominal region is from the |
inferior trunk between thorax and pelvis |
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the abdominal wall consists of ______ and some ____ on posterior vertebrae....and the cavity consists of ______ organs, _____ and _____ |
muscle, bones, digestive, spleen, kidney |
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name the 8 important regions of the abdominal cavity |
right hypchodrium, right lumbar, right inguinal, epigastrium, umbilical, hypogastrium, left hypochondrium, left lumbar, left inguinal |
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what is the six pack muscle |
the rectus abdominus |
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the abdominal wall is made of 3 ___ muscles, and 1 ____ muscle |
flat, strap |
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flat muscles end ____ with an ______ |
anteriorly, with aponeursis |
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the aponeruosis interlaces wher |
linea alba in midline |
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the ab muscles are innervated by what |
T6-T12 and L1 |
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the lower edge of aponeurosis on the external oblique forms what |
inguinal ligament |
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where does the inguinal ligament span from |
anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle |
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the triangular opening at the medial end of the ingluinal ligament is called the ___ and it is the exit of the spematic cord |
superficial inguinal ring |
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where does the rectus abdominus originate and insert |
O: anterior pubis I: xiphoid process, and ribs 5 and 7 |
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what nerve runs through the rectus abdominus |
intercostal nerves |
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what is the actions of the abdominus rectus |
flexes spine, depresses ribs, stabilizes pelvis |
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what is the deepest layer of musle that runs transversely on the abs |
transversus abdominus |
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the ab muscles ___ and __ diaphragm during inspiration |
oppose and assist |
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the abs bear down to empty ___ or ____ during childbearing |
bladder rectum |
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the ab muscles protect the _____ canal |
inguinal |
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the inguinal canal lies parallel and superior to _____ ____ |
inguinal ligament |
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this is the entrance to the inguinal canal and its a hole in the _____ fascia |
deep ring... transversus |
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this is the exit from the inguinal canal and its in the hole of the ______ oplique aponeurosis |
superficial ring, external |
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what are the components of the inguinal canal |
inguinal nerve, spermatic cord, and round ligament of uterus |
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what are the contents of the spermatic cord |
ductus deferens, artery of ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus, cresmateric artery, sympathetic nerve fibers, gerniatl branch of genitofemoral artery, lymphatic vessels |
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what are the layers of the spermatic cord and where do the layer originate from |
1. internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia) 2. cremassteric fascia (internal oblique) 3. external spermatic fascia (external oblique aponeurosis) |
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what can happen if the abdominal muscles are weak |
intestines or fat can push into inguinal canal and cause a herniA |
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a direct hernia occurs through the _____ rign and the indirect through the ____ |
superficial, deep |
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which of the inguinal hernias is more common in males |
indirect |
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which hernia is mostly from weak msucles |
direct |
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which of the inguinal hernias lie lateral and then medial to the inferior epigastric vessels |
indirect, direct |
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the primordial remnants of primoridial ovaries descend into |
labia majora |
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the abdominal cavity is lined by the ______ |
peritoneum |
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the abdominal cavity is limited superiorly by the what |
diaphragm |
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the peritoneum is a serous membrane, and made of what three peritoneums |
1. parietal 2. visceral 3. mesentary
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explain what the parietal, visceral, mesentary |
1. parietal- lines abdominal wall, pelvic wall, inferior surface of diaphragm 2. visceral- convers the viscera 3. mesentery- double layer peritoneum that suspends organ |
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is the periotoneum continuous |
yes |
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different parts of the periotoneum are known as the ______, ______, ________, and ______ |
mesentery, omentum, peritoneal folds, periotoneal ligaments |
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name the intraperiotoneal organs |
liver, gallbladder, stomach, small intestine (except duo), transverse colon, sigmoid colon, cecum and appendix, spleen, superior part uterus |
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what are the organs only covered by one cover periotoneum |
duodenum, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, inferior part of uterus, kidneys, uterus, bladder, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas |
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the ____ ______ is the space between the visceral periotoneum and the parietal pero |
peritoneal cavity |
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is the periotoneal closed or open in males and what about females |
1. males closed. 2. females open cause the exterior communicates with fallopian tubes |
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this is a double layer of periotoneum that extends from stomach to adjacent organs |
omentum |
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what is the difference between the lesser and the greater omentum |
the lesser joins at the lesser curvature of the stomach to the duodenum and the greater joins at the greater curvature to the transverse colon |
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the perioteneal cavity is divided into two sacs, what are they and explain, |
greater (main part of cavity ) and the lesser which is posterior to stomach and lesser omentum |
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what is the opening between the two sacs |
the omental foramen |
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what allows for the free movement of the stomach |
omental bursa which has a superior recess and inferor |
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the greater omentum is usually of how many layers and why is this |
four, because they commonly fuse and obliterate the inferior recess |
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this is double layer of visceral peritoneum that connect periotoneal organs to the abdominal wall |
mesentery |
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what is enclosed in mesentary |
small intestine, liver, stomach, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, appendix, spleen |
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what connects organ to organ or to abdominal wall and lacks tissue |
peritoneal ligament |
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what are the parts of the gastrointestinal tract |
esophagus, small intestine, largen intesting, stomach |
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the esophagus extends from the ____ to the ___ and does what |
pharynx to the stomach and allows food to process |
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where does the esophogas begin and where does it end |
C6, and then ends T10 at the esophageal hiatus but enters stomach at T11 at esophageal junction |
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where is the esophagus located |
posterior mediastinum, behind trachea, and right and anterior to the descending thoracic aorta |
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what nerve runs thru esophagus |
vagus nerve |
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when full the esophagus is constricted at what four places |
1. neck 2. aortic arch 3. left primary bronchus 4. diaphragm |
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where is the stomach located |
superior , left, central |
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what is the function of stomach |
digest enzymes, break down particles, food into liquid, and increase surface area of food |
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what is the liquid food conversion called |
chyme |
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gastric enzymes breakdown ____ into _____ |
protein into amino acids |
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what are the parts of the stomach |
cardia (adjacent to esophagogastric junction), fundus, body (greater and lesser omentum), pyloric part (spincter, orifice, atrium and canal) |
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the small intestine extends from the _____ of stomach to the ____ junction of the _____ |
pylorus, ileocecal of large intestine |
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what is the small intestine responsible for |
complete digestion, fats broken down, water and minerals absorbed |
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name the 3 parts of the small intestine |
duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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what is the shortest and widest part of the large intestine |
duodenum |
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the duodenum goes from the ____ opening to the _____ junction and it surrounds the head of the ____ |
pyloric, duodenojejunal, pancreas |
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what are the regions of the dueodenum |
superior, descending, horizontal, ascending |
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the jejunum and the ileum join between what junctions |
duodenojejunal and ileocecal |
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how long is the ileum and jejunum |
6 to 7 m. jej(2/5) il(3/5) |
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how are these parts attached to the abdomninal wall |
mesentary |
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the large intestine goes from the ___ junction to the ____ |
ilieocecal anus |
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how long is the large intestine |
1.5 meters |
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what is the function of the large intestine |
converts liquid contents to more solid by absorbing fluids and electrolytes |
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what are the parts of the large intestine |
cecum, appendix, colon, rectum. anal canal |
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the cecum lies in the what region |
right iliac fossa |
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the appendix comes off of the ____ and is suspended by what |
behind cecum, and mesoappendix |
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name the four parts of the colon |
ascending, transvers, descending, sigmoid |
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_____ coil ( longitudinal muscle) pull the colon to form ____ |
tenaie, haustra |
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where is the rectum located |
S3 |
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what is the job of the rectum |
supports and retains fecal stuff before it expelled |
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this canal is the terminal part of the large intestine and lies to the inferior part of pelvic diaphragm |
anal canal |
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the anal canal involves what muscles |
internal and sphincter |
