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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Who sailed into Edo (Tokyo) Bay with his naval warships belching black smoke and terrifying the Japanese in 1853?
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American Naval Commodore Matthew C. Perry.
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Not related to the actor with the same name.
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Why did the U.S. want Japan to open its doors to trade?
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The US needed a place to refuel ships after crossing the Pacific. It wanted Japan to stop executing shipwrecked sailors. It wanted a sphere of influence similar to Britain's in China.
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Imperialism.
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What was the name of the U.S. attempts to have equal trade opportunities and force Japan to open to trade?
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The Open Door Policy.
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More like Forced-Open!
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In 1867, what happened that demonstrated that the Japanese were willing to change?
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The last shogun was forced to abdicate and accept blame for being unable to protect Japan from the power of the West.
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Kicked out the old system.
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Who was restored to more power than he had had in centuries?
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The Emperor - Emperor MEIJI (real name: Mutsuhito)took the throne in 1868.
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The name he took meant "Enlightened Rule" and showed the direction Japan wanted to go toward.
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What political changes were made in Japan during the Meiji Restoration period?
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(1) a Constitution was created in 1889 as a gift to the Japanese people by the Emperor; (2) a Western style Diet (legislature) was created but had very limited powers (much weaker than Congress in the US or Parliament in Britain).
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They also modernized the civil service and departments of government to be more western style.
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What military changes occurred during the Meiji Restoration (Modernization)?
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(1) It's army was based on Prussia's army; (2) It's navy was based on the British navy; (3) the military leaders only had to report to the Emperor.
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This modernization also allowed the military to begin their aggressive expansion into Asia later on.
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What economic changes occurred in Meiji Japan?
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(1) Industrial revolution and industrialization throughout Japan; (2) postal system and banks modernized; (2) Zaibatsu (powerful corporation families) grew.
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Foreign trade rose from almost nothing to $200 million annually by 1900.
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Where did samurai and other Japanese advisors go to study modern techniques?
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They studied modern industry, military and financial institutions in American and Europe.
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The West. Again, Japan showed its ability to borrow from the best and adapt to its needs.
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What are the Zaibatsu corporations of Japan?
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They are powerful family-controlled commercial corporations of Japan.
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Hint: Toyoda, Kawasaki, Mitsubishi are three.
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Why do we call Japan's economy a mixed one if it borrows so much capitalism from the West?
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The Japanese government strongly supported and helped Japanese businesses get the raw materials and markets they needed.
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Today, the government agency that does this is called M.I.T.I. (the Ministry for International Trade and Industry)
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What geographic challenge was a problem as Japan modernized and industrialized?
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Japan's lack of natural resources, arable and energy would lead toward aggressive miltarism.
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think scarcity
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What were two early conflicts that showed Japan's military were going to be used to expand to grab resources and land in 1894-95 and 1904-05?
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(1) 1894-1895 was the Sino (Chinese)-Japanese War, which gave Japan ports and control in Manchuria; (2) the Russo-Japanese War, which was the first time an Asian nation defeated a European one (Russia).
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EARLY SIGNS OF MILITARISM AND EXPANSIONISM - the Japanese felt they were only imitating what Western powers had done.
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What U.S. President negotiated Peace treaties between Japan and China/Russia?
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Teddy Roosevelt.
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mr. rough rider himself.
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How did Japan's remarkable modernization happen?
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(1) Government incentives for businesses to use western technology; (2) Japan's homogeneous culture (common culture, language, hard-work ethic, etc.); (3) Japan's tradition of borrowing and adapting from other nations.
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