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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some drugs which cause histamine release from mast cells?
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Tubocurarine, succinylcholine, vancomycin, morphine |
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What will happen if you inject histamine intradermally? |
The triple response of Lewis: - Wheals - Erythema - Flare |
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Name some first generation H1 antagonists |
Diphenhydramine, promethazine, cyclizine |
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What are the indications of first generation H1 antagonists? |
- Antiemetic - Sedative - Motion sickness - Allergy (especially if there is also trouble sleeping) |
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What is the main difference between first and second generation H1 antagonists? |
First generation cross the blood brain barrier to a large degree while second generation ones cross it to a much smaller degree. This causes second generation drugs to have much fewer CNS side effects but also prevents them from treating motion sickness |
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What are the side effects of first generation H1 antagonists? |
Anticholinergic side effects: - Dry mouth - Dry eyes - Dizziness - Urinary retention |
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Name some second generation H1 antagonists. |
Cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine |
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What are the indications for second generation H1 antagonists? |
Allergy |
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What are the side effects of second generation H1 antagonists? |
Sedation and anticholinergic effects, but much less severe than for first generation drugs. |
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Name some H2 antagonists. |
Ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine |
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What are the indications for H2 antagonists |
Heart burn GERD Peptic ulcers |
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What is the mechanism of action for H2 antagonists |
They block H2 receptors on parietal cells in the stomach, which reduces HCl secretion. |
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What are the side effects of cimetidine? |
Long term treatment with cimetidine can cause gynecomastia and impotence, both of which subside after the treatment is stopped. |
