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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what are the 4 major steps in heart development

1. cardiac crescent formation
2. linear heart tube formation
3. looping of the tube
4. remodelling

1. cardiac crescent formation


2. linear heart tube formation


3. looping of the tube


4. remodelling

what are the 3 cell lines that develop the heart and their derivatives

1. first heart field: primitive heart tube, forms left and right atria, left ventricle2. second heart field: anterior- right ventricle and cardiac outflow tract
posterior- atrial and atrioventricular septation, systemic and pulmonary veins to atri...
1. first heart field: primitive heart tube, forms left and right atria, left ventricle

2. second heart field: anterior- right ventricle and cardiac outflow tract


posterior- atrial and atrioventricular septation, systemic and pulmonary veins to atria


3. neural crest cells: conotruncal division and aortic arch formation (extracardiac cells)

what are the two types of folding that occur

1. lateral folding: forming heart tubes to midline to fuse into single tube (~day 20)




2. cranio-caudal folding: heart tube positioned with inflow toward tail (atria and veins) and outflow at head

what day does the heartbeat begin?

~22nd day**

define the dorsal mesocardium

connective tissue sling suspending the heart from the body wall

what are the basic components of the heart tube

top to bottom
aortic sac (aortic arches)
bulbus cordis (right ventricle, part of outflow tract)
primitive ventricle (left ventricle)
primitive atrium (part of right and left atrium)
sinus venosus (superior vena cava, right atrium)

top to bottom


aortic sac (aortic arches)


bulbus cordis (right ventricle, part of outflow tract)


primitive ventricle (left ventricle)


primitive atrium (part of right and left atrium)


sinus venosus (superior vena cava, right atrium)

describe the sequence of events in heart looping

1. straight tube bends ventrally


2. C-shaped loop (ventral bend to the right)


3. S-shaped loop (atrium brought cranially, bend with sinus venosus, bend between bulbus cordis and ventricle)


4. bulbus cordis and arterial trunk move ventral

define endocardial cushions

cells from dorsal and ventral walls of heart grow in between primitive atrium and ventricle forming protrusions
fuse to form left and right atrioventricular canals

cells from dorsal and ventral walls of heart grow in between primitive atrium and ventricle forming protrusions


fuse to form left and right atrioventricular canals

describe the process of inter-atrial septum development

week 4-5
septum primum develops 
ostium primum (hole down by endocardial cushion), closes
ostium secundum forms in upper septum primum
septum secundum forms with foramen ovale **
septum primum becomes thin flap over FO

week 4-5


septum primum develops


ostium primum (hole down by endocardial cushion), closes


ostium secundum forms in upper septum primum


septum secundum forms with foramen ovale **


septum primum becomes thin flap over FO



describe the process of interventricular partitioning

week 6
pimordial muscular ridge in floor of ventricle
medial walls fuse into interventricular septum (muscular and membranous)

week 6


pimordial muscular ridge in floor of ventricle


medial walls fuse into interventricular septum (muscular and membranous)

what is a potential effect of maternal diabetes

week 5


neural crest cells migrate to develop aortic arch


impeding neural crest cells from migrating to and affecting the development of the aortic arch


single outflow tube?

describe the development of the aorta and pulmonary trunk

small ridges form inside the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus
fuse and create a spiral shaped septum separating the trunk into aorta and PT
cusps derive from bulbar ridges

small ridges form inside the bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus


fuse and create a spiral shaped septum separating the trunk into aorta and PT


cusps derive from bulbar ridges

describe AV valve development

5-8th week


left: anterior and posterior (bicuspid/mitral)


right: a, p and septal (tricuspid)


chordae tendonae and papillary muscles

describe the development of the conduction system

cardiomyocytes in caudal heart tube become electrically active and become pacemaker


SA node (5th week) develops in sinus venosus and moves into RA


AV node superior to endocardial cushions




nodes: slow conducting myocardium of inflow tract


bundles: fast conducting ventricular myocardium

describe the development of the aortic arch

6 paired sets of arches form from about week 4-7
neural crest cells aid in development of aortic sac
3rd arch: common and internal carotid arteries bilateraly
4th arch: aortic arch **
6th arch: right and left pulmonary arteries and ductus arterios...

6 paired sets of arches form from about week 4-7


neural crest cells aid in development of aortic sac


3rd arch: common and internal carotid arteries bilateraly


4th arch: aortic arch **


6th arch: right and left pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus


right arch eventually disappears

what are the 3 components of the aortic arch in development

1. proximal: brachiocephalic to left common carotid artery (aortic sac)
2. distal: left common carotid to left subclavean (4th arch)
3. isthmus: left subclavean to dorsal aorta (4th and 6th arch)

1. proximal: brachiocephalic to left common carotid artery (aortic sac)


2. distal: left common carotid to left subclavean (4th arch)


3. isthmus: left subclavean to dorsal aorta (4th and 6th arch)

describe fetal circulation

2 arteries and 1 vein inside umbillical cord to placenta
vein is oxygenated**
enters liver (70% L 30% H, ductus venosus)
IVC, RA, FO, LA, LV, aorta, body, umbillical artery
some RV, ductus arteriosus to aorta
very little to lungs

2 arteries and 1 vein inside umbillical cord to placenta


vein is oxygenated**


enters liver (70% L 30% H, ductus venosus)


IVC, RA, FO, LA, LV, aorta, body, umbillical artery


some RV, ductus arteriosus to aorta


very little to lungs

why can congenital heart deformities still result in normally developing babies?



parallel ventricle system, blood flow is special


complete left to right heart obstruction does not impede aortic blood flow


foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus provide alternate pathways




(until term!)

what are the major differences between pre and post natal circulation

prenatal: right side pressure higher, high pulmonary resistance, 3 shunts, placenta provides O2, IVC has O2 blood, SVC and CS is O2 poor




postnatal: lungs inflate, lower pulmonary resistance/rt heart pressure, lt heart pressure rises and FO closes, ductus arteriosus closes within 48-72 hrs, ductus venosus closes, both become ligamentum