210 Exam 2: Romanesque

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St. Benedict's Rule/Benedictine Order

Back 1

529, founder was Benedict of Nursia (Saint Benedict), a Roman Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of St. Benedict.

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ora et labora

Back 2

monk saying "Prayer in Work"

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Vikings/Normans

Back 3

Norman: the Romanesque architecture of England from the Norman Conquest (1066) until the rise of the Gothic around 1180.
Vikings: Normans were the descendants of Vikings which led to Norwegian Architecture

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Franks

Back 4

The kingdom of the Franks was the only one of the German successor states that proved long-lasting.

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Charlemagne(French)/Carolus Magnus (Latin)/Karl der Grosse (German)

Back 5

First true Emperor of Europe, has three names in three different languages

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Aachen

Back 6

It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the Kings of Germany.

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Relics/reliquary

Back 7

The word relic comes from the Latin reliquiae, meaning "remains." A reliquary is a shrine that houses one or more relics.

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Pilgrimage

Back 8

In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance. Sometimes, it is a journey to a shrine of importance to a person's beliefs and faith.

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Crypt

Back 9

A story in a church below or partly below ground level and under the main floor, particularly of the chancel, often containing chapels and sometimes tombs

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ambulatory

Back 10

A covered walk of a cloister/ a passageway around the apse of a church, or for circumambulating a shrine

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clerestory

Back 11

An upper zone of wall pierced with windows that admit light to the center of a lofty room.

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Nave Arcade

Back 12

The open arcade between the central and side aisles

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triforium

Back 13

In medieval church architecture, a shallow passageway above the arches of the nave and choir below the clerestory; characteristically opened into the nave

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piers

Back 14

A column designed to support concentrated loads

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groin vault

Back 15

A compound vault in which barrel vaults intersect, forming arrises called groins/ Showing the curved lines resulting from the intersection of two semicylinders or arches

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Norman Conquest

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1066 AD/ Invades England

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William the Conqueror

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Built a tower in London/ was the King of England from Christmas, 1066 until his death. He was also William II, Duke of Normandy, from 3 July 1035 until his death.
Built St. Ettienne

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cloister

Back 18

A covered walk surrounding a court, usually linking a church to other buildings of a monastery (closed in courthouse)

Front 19

bay

Back 19

Within a structure, a regularly repeated spatial element defined by beams or ribs and their supports

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barbarians

Back 20

The term originates in the ancient Greek civilization, meaning "anyone who is not Greek". Comparable notions are found in non-European civilizations.

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monastery/ monasticism/abbot

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A building complex of monastic order

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cathedral/cathedra

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The home of the church of a bishop, usually the principle church in a diocese

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diocese/bishop

Back 23

A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the Anglican churches, bishops claim Apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles.

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cruciform

Back 24

The characteristic plan for Gothic and other large churches formed by the intersection of nave, chancel, and apse with the transepts

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campanile

Back 25

A bell tower, usually freestanding

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portal

Back 26

An impressive or monumental entrance, gate, or door to a building or courtyard, often decorated

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tympanum

Back 27

A triangular or segmental space enclosed by a pediment or arch

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archivolt

Back 28

An architrave, modified by being carried around a curved opening instead of a rectangular one; an ornamental molding or band of moldings on the face of an arch following the contour of the extrados

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jambs

Back 29

A vertical member at each side of a door frame, window frame, or door lining

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trumeau

Back 30

The central support of a medieval doorway

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voussoirs

Back 31

A wedged shaped masonry unit in an arch or vault whose converging sides are cut as radii of one of the centers of the arch or vault

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Santiago de Compostela

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The city's Cathedral is the destination today, as it has been throughout history, of the important 9th century medieval pilgrimage route, the Way of St. James

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Romanesque

Back 33

The style emerging in Western Europe in the early 11th cent., based on Roman and Byzantine elements, characterized by massive articulated wall structures, round arches, and powerful vaults, and lasting until the advent of Gothic architecture in the middle of the 12th cent.

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Carolingian

Back 34

The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century. The name "Carolingian", Medieval Latin karolingi, an altered form of an unattested Old High German *karling, kerling (meaning "descendant of Charles", cf. MHG kerlinc),[1] derives from the Latinised name of Charles Martel: Carolus.[2] The family consolidated its power in the late 7th century, eventually making the offices of mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum hereditary and becoming the de facto rulers of the Franks as the real powers behind the throne. By 751, the Merovingian dynasty which until then had ruled the Franks by right was deprived of this right with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy and a Carolingian, Pepin the Short, was crowned King of the Franks.

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1066 A.D.

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Battle of Hastings