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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factions |
Groups of humans with the same self interest- James Madison feared them because if one took power they create a tyrannical government |
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Separation of powers- |
Divides government into 3 branch with distinct duties to prevent the judicial, executive and legislative branch from becoming too powerful |
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Checks and balances- |
Gives each branch some sort of power over the other. Congress can impeach the president, executive can veto the legislative branch,supreme court can determine if legislation is constitutional. |
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Public goods- |
A service or an action that is available for everyone. Govt is needed to provide these because free market prevents public goods or hinders them. |
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Collective action problems |
Situations in which members of a group will benefit by working together to produce something, yet individuals are better off refusing to work together and reap the benefits of the group work. |
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Free rider problem- |
The incentive to benefit from somebodies else's work while putting in no time or not contributing, which leads to individuals in collective action problems not wanting to work together |
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Politics- |
the process that determines what government does, acts of state of who gets what,when,where, how (societal goods) 1)Politics is conflictual 2)Political process matters (it has rules procedures that are often overlooked) 3)Politics is everywhere |
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Ideology |
a cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used to organize and evaluate the world. |
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Conservative |
One side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for lowered taxes, free market, limited federal interaction, associated with republicans |
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Liberal |
Supports stronger federal interaction, with more govt. programs and more market regulations, associated with democrats |
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Debt Ceiling |
A legislative limit on the amount of national debt that can be issued by the US Treasury, thus limiting how much money the federal government may borrow. |
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Different Types of Government |
Totalitarian Autocracy- Few Participants, Few Govt. Limits Anarchy- Many Govt. Limits, Many Participants Feudal Monarchy- Mid-Few Participants, Middle Govt. Limits Authoritarian Oligarchy-Mid-Few Participants, Few Govt. Limits Constitutional Republic-Mid-High Participants, Many Govt. Limits (USA) Constitutional Democracy- High Participants, Many Govt. Limits |
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Political Science |
Explaining politics from theoretical propositions from the political world. |
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Culture |
"Habits of the Heart", Societal |
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Classical Liberalism |
Ideals both parties agree on. (Magna Carta) There are limits of authority that are set, the authority has a responsibility to obey them, gives people rights. (ex. Property rights, Locke believes, are essential to keep the people motivated to work the land, take care of the houses ect.) |
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State of Nature: Hobbes |
If humans were left to themselves without government, Hobbes claims, then life would be "solitary, nasty, brutish, and short." Human beings are essentially selfish and without government humans would hurt and kill each other without hesitation. |
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Republicanism |
The idea that we need virtuous people to lead, because the nature of man is compulsive and destructive. Built to make sure an aristocracy never occurs and that men have their own liberties. |
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Ascription |
Denying rights to people based on outward appearance, American politics has ingrained ascription |
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Fuedalism |
Also known as a monarchy, America does not hold a feudal past which leads to only slight differences between the two major parties. Our constitution prohibits Feudalism. |
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Culture Wars |
US conflict between "red state" citizens with strong religious beliefs, and "blue state" citizens that are more secular |
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Orthodox vs. Progressivists |
"Orthodox view is in line with dual federalism view. Whereas Progressives are much more in line with the coercive federalism |
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The Constitution |
A document the provides the basis of the supreme law of the land in the United States written by our founding fathers after independence from Britain. |
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The Tea Party |
A Faction that supports candidates who support the Constitutions basic original principles |
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Articles of Confederation |
The first "constitution" of the USA, was used until 1786. Was weak federally, the govt. could not conscript, and could not tax. Led to currency disputes and army disputes among the states |
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French & Indian War |
1754–1763 The war was fought between the British colonies and colonies of France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries, as well as Native American allies who supported the French. Reason colonies were taxed |
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Boston Tea Party |
A political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, on December 16, 1773 to protest "Taxation without representation" from the British. |
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Shay's Rebellion |
1786, Soldiers rebelled after being paid by the federal government in worthless federal currency. |
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Republican Democracy |
A form of government in which the interests of the people are represented by elected officials, our government |
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Limited Government |
A political system in which the powers of the govt. are restricted to prevent tyranny by protecting individual rights and property. |
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Monarchy |
A form of govt. in which the power is held by a single person who comes to power through inheritance, not election. |
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Natural Rights |
"Unalienable rights", or Life, Liberty & the Pursuit of Happiness. American govt. largest purpose should be to uphold these rights. |
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Federalists |
Believed in strong federal government that held ultimate authority over the states in a system of seperated power |
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Anti-Federalists |
Believed in a strong state government, and that they should govern themselves, a strong federal government was tyrannical in nature. |
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Virginia Plan |
Proposed by the larger states during Constitutional convention that based representation in legislature on population, and proposed the 3 branch system. |
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New Jersey Plan |
In response to the Virginia Plan, that gave each state equal representation in legislation regardless of size |
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Great Compromise |
A compromise between the big and small states that allowed for congress to be split in two. Senate would have 2 legislatures per state, and House of Representatives would have a representatives based on state population created by conneticut |
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Reserved Powers |
The 10th Amendment makes states that these powers are not given to the national government or not prohibited to the states are reserved by the states and the people
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Supremacy clause |
Article 4, Sect. 2 of the constitution states that the federal government is the supreme power of the land, and that federal law always wins over state law |
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3/5ths Compromise |
The states decision during the constitutional convention to count slaves at 3/5th of a person in a states population to determine number of members of the House per state and the distribution of taxes |
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Bill of Rights |
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution that protect individual rights and liberties |
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Necessary and proper clause |
Article 1 Sect.8, The clause that allows for Congress to pass all laws it is constitutionally allowed to that relate to its expressed powers. |
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Impeachment |
The checking power Congress has over the executive branch that allows them to remove officers from the executive branch for abuses of power. |
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Judicial Review |
The supreme courts power that allows it to reject any executive action or congressional law that it finds unconstitutional |
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Enumerated Powers |
Powers granted to Congress or the President or the Supreme Court as stated in the first 3 articles of the constitution |
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Implied Power |
Powers the are supported by the constitution that are not expressively stated in it |
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Madisons Federalist 10 |
Preventing Majority tyranny by federalism |
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Federalist Arguments |
Madison, Hamilton(wrote 90% of it). Stronger federal government, it will reduce tyrannical factions by creating a larger stable govt. We can do better than the articles of confederation! Invented checks and balances to prevent tyranny to separate power |
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Arguments of Anti-Federalists |
We don't need to prepare, they said. We won't have to worry about tyranny because everybody will be paying enough attention to prevent it from happening, they said. We should keep the articles of Confederation because there will be constant fighting with all of these interest groups together as one. Simplicity is better, hard for small interest groups to create tyranny |
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Thomas Paine |
Federalist who wrote common sense, the first widely circulated written paper, the explained the benefits of Federalism |
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Sovereign Power |
The supreme power of an independent state to regulate its internal affairs without a foreign power interference |
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Police Powers |
The power to enforce laws and up hold public safety |
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Concurrent Powers |
Responsibilities for particular policy areas such as transportation |
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Privileges and immunities clause |
States cannot discriminate against people from other states, must afford them the same rights. |
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McCullough vs Maryland |
Due to the commerce clause, the federal government was above states laws and did not have to pay the bank tax |
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Confederal Govt. |
The Federal government has no power, the smaller government gives the power upward to the larger government |
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Dual Federalism |
The Federal Govt has a small pool of resources, and a small amount of responsibilities. It stayed that way from 1789-1932. States responsibilities much larger |
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Cooperative Federalism |
When the Federal Govt. and the state govt. start to share power 1800-1932 |
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Coercive Federalism |
The Federal govt. is the biggest power, it forces state govt. through incentives and unfunded mandates that make states put together a program. Occurred 1932-1980 |
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Devolution Federalism |
Power is being taken from Federal Govt slowly from everything that it has built up. 1980-now |
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TANF |
Passed in 1995, it gave the states rights to do with what they wanted with their welfare system and make it appropriate with their states needs. |
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NFIB vs Sebelius |
The case instilled the idea that the commerce clause should be limited, and that there were some things the congress should not regulate with the clause. |
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Switch in Time that Saved 9 |
FDR and his liberals established the new deal and coercive federal government. He proposed to stack the court so that supreme court justices over the age of 70 would have an associate that he could appoint. The court switched so they would not potentially lose their job. |
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NFIB vs Sebelius |
Argued that congress couldn't use the commerce clause for everything |
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US vs Lopez |
Tried to pass a bill that you say you cant have a gun in a school zone arguing commerce clause, but it was struck down b/c there was no commerce |
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US vs Morrison |
Tried to pass a law to stop violence agaisnt women, but was shot down because Congress tried to use the commerce clause when there was no cause |
