20Th Century Art History Midterm

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Modernism

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Originating in the 20th century referring to a self-conscious break with the past and a search for new forms.

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Self-Aware (Modernism)

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* Artists aware of relationship between their art and that of previous eras
* Reflection of its own time

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Self-Referential (Modernism)

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Implies certain concerns about art and aesthetics that are internal to art production

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Why Modernism?

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- Industrialization

- Urbanization

- Rapid advances in technology

- Darwinism/ Social Darwinism

- Colonization

- Karl Marx

- Sigmund Freud

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(Modernism)

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The Spirit of the Dead Watching (Manao Tapapau), 1892, Oil on burlap mounted on canvas, 73x98cm

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Armored Train in Action, Gino Serverini, 1915, Oil on Canvas, 45 5/8" x 34 7/8", Museum of Modern Art, NY

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(Greenberg)

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The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dalí, 1931, Oil on Canvas, 9 1/2"x 13", Museum of Modern Art, NY.

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Composition with Yellow, Red, Black, and Gray, Piet Mondrian, 1920, Oil on Canvas, 20 1/4x 24".

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Rise of Fascism

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- An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization
- Adolf Hitler – Leader of Germany 1933-1945
- Benito Mussolini – Leader of Italy 1922-1943

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Postmodernism

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Considered a reactionary movement opposed to modernism, which is increasingly thought of as sterile and totalitarian, Postmodernism is an intellectual, cultural movement, whose beginnings are rooted in the latter half of the twentieth century.

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Jean Dubuffert, Will to Power (Volonté de puissance), 1946, Oil on canvas, 45 5/8x35.

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Jean Fautrier, Head of a Hostage no. 22, 1944, Oil on paper pasted on canvas, 10 5/8x 8 5/8.

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Karel Appel (Cobra Art Group), Cry for Freedom, 1948, Oil on canvas, 39 3/8” x 31 1/8”

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Clement Greenberg (Description and 3 Artist)

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"Formalist" - planned out abstract art that detangled.

- Salvador Dali (Persistence of Memory)

- Piet Mandrian (Composition with red, yellow, blue, and gray.)

- Hans Hoffman (The Gate)

- Jackson Pollock (Number 1)

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Harold Rosenberg (Description and 3 Artist)

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"Abstract Expression Enthusiest" - Loved action Painting

- Mark Rothko (Yellow

- Lee Krasner (Untitled)

- Barnett Newman (Onement)

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Automatism

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Spontaneous verbal or motor behavior, performed unconsciously.

- Thomas Hart Benton ( A social History of the State of Missouri)

- Frederic Edwin Church (Heart of the Andes)

- Aleksandr Gerasimov, (Lenin on the Tribune)

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(Greenberg)

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Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, Jackson Pollock, 1950, Enamel on Canvas, 105 x 207 in

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Avant-Garde

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Favoring or introducing experimental or unusual ideas.

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Kitsch

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art, objects, or design considered to be in poor taste because of excessive garishness or sentimentality, but sometimes appreciated in an ironic or knowing way.

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Ben Day

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Involving a process for adding shaded or tinted areas made up of dots or reproduction by line engraving. – related to pointillism.

- Roy Lichtenstein (Whaam!)

- Roy Litchtenstein (Takka Takka)

- Roy Litchtenstein (Engagement Ring)

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Readymade

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Ordinary manufacture objects that the artist selected and modified. Marcel Duchamp thought that by repositioning or joining, tilting, and signing it, the object became art.

- Marcel Duchamp

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Pop Art

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Pop art contributed to the perpetuation of the power and authority of the media.

- Propaganda

- Eduardo Paolozzi (Parallel of Life and Art)

- Richard Hamilton (Just what is it that makes today's home so different, so appealing?

- Andy Warhol (Two Hundred Cambell's Soup Cans

- James Rosenquist (President's Elect)

- Kitchen Aid Ad

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Camp

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The love of the unnatural, of artifice and exaggeration, a good taste of bad taste

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Heroic Art

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Is sometimes used to describe art that is used as propaganda.

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(Greenberg)

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The Gate, Hans Hoffman, 1959, Oil on canvas, 75 1/8 x 48 1/2

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(Rosenberg & Minimalism)

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Onement, Barnett Newman, 1948, Oil on Canvas, 2' 3" x 1' 4" (69 cm x 41 cm)

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(Rosenberg)

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Yellow Band, Mark Rothko, 1956, Oil on canvas, 86 x 80 in.

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(Rosenberg)

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Untitled (1949), Lee Krasner, 1949, Oil on Composition Board, 48 x 37" (121.9 x 93.9 cm).

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(Pop Art)

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President's Elect, James Rosenquist, 1960-1961, oil on masonite, 7 5/3" x 12'.

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(Pop Art)

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Kitchen Aid Pop Art Ad: "For 92 years, cooking has been an art for us."

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(Pop Art)

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Sixteen Jackies, Andy Warhol, 1963, silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas, each panel 20” x 16”, overall 80” x 64”

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(Pop Art)

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Marilyn Diptych, Andy Warhol, 1962,Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas, two panels, each panel 82” x 57”

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(Minimalist)

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Line Piece by Yoko Ono

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(Minimalist)

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Untitled, Donald Judd, 1928.

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(Photographic narratives of America)

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13th Most Wanted Men, Andy Warhol, 1964 World's Fair, 20x20ft.

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(Photography and Morality)

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Hope, Shepard Fairey, 2008, Acrylic Paint and Paper.