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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John F. Kennedy
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Became the 35th president of the US in January 20, 1961.
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Flexible Response
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Policy developed durring the Kennedy administration. Focused on preparing for a variety of military responce to international crises, more so than on use of nuclear weapons.
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
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an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA -trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support from US government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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The event of six tense days in 1962 when a U.S. invasion of Cuba and the use of nuclear weapons seemed likely.
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Fidel Castro
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The communist leader of Cuba who openly sought Soviet aid.
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Berlin Wall
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Concrete wall that separated East and West Berlin after the soviets blockaded the city in 1948.
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Hot Line
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The dedicated phone line for crisis management linking the White House and Kremlin, established in 1963.
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Limited Test Ban Treaty
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1963 treaty in which the US and the soviet union to contact each other in times of crisis. (1963)
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New Frontier
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John F. Kennedy's legislative program. Includes proposals, provided medical care for the elderly, rebuild urban areas, aid education, and bolster the national defense.
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Mandate
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A strong message from voters compelling a president to act in a certain way.
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Peace Corps
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Program initiated by Kennedy offering volunteer help to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
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Alliance for Progress
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Foreign aid program giving technical and economic assistance to Latin American countries.
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Warren Commission
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The federal panel that investigated the Kennedy assassination.
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Lyndon B. Johnson
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Successor to Kennedy who conducted the war on poverty and had vision of the Great Society.
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Economic Opportunity Act
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(EOA) Part of LBJ's war on poverty that funded youth programs, antipoverty measures, and job training.
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Great Society
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LBJ's broad program and vision for America to reduce poverty and racial injustice, and promote quality of life.
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Medicare
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Great Society program providing medical assistance to almost every American age 65 or older.
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Medicaid
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Great Society program providing health insurance to welfare recipients.
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Immigration Act of 1965
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Great society law that ended immigration quotas based on nationality.
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Warren Court
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Supreme Court era, named after chief justice, noted for activism in the areas of civil rights and free speech.
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Reapportionment
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Terms for the way in which states redraw election districts to reflect changes on population.
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Miranda Rights
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The criminal justice case that led to the requirement to inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
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Thurgood Marshall
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Influential lawyer for the NAACP; later became the first African-American Supreme Court Justice.
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the US, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations under the doctrine of "separate but equal."
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Brown v. Board of Education
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The Supreme Court case that struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine in public education.
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“Little Rock Nine”
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a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.
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Rosa Parks
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Montgomery bus rider whose protest in 1955 sparked an organized bus boycott.
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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
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Important civil rights leader; voice of nonviolence, equality, and justice; awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
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SCLC
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(Southern Christian Leadership Conference) The organization formed in 1957, dedicated to nonviolent resistance to "second-class citizenship"
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SNCC
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(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) The national protest group that formed in 1960 and drew its membership from college campuses.
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Sit Ins
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Nonviolent protest strategy where blacks sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served.
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Freedom Riders
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Protesters who boarded segregated buses and endured brutality to help ensure civil rights in 1961.
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James Meredith
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the first African American student at the University of Mississippi, an event that was a flash point in the American civil rights movement.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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1964 law that prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender.
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Birmingham protests
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"This is the most segregated city in America," said MLK; also the most violent toward civil rights' marchers.
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Freedom Summer
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1964 civil-rights project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.
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Selma Campaign
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The decisive battle of civil rights.
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24th Amendment
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prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Law that gave federal examiners authority over states to enroll voters and also to eliminate literacy tests.
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De facto segregation
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Racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law.
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De jure segregation
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Racial separation that is required by law.
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Malcolm X
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The black leader who preached a separatist message based on Nation of Islam principles.
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Nation of Islam
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Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam was forthright in its opposition to the Vietnam War.
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Black Panthers
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The radical political party founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton that preached self-defense.
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Civil Rights Act of 1968
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The law that ended discrimination in housing.
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