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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
sentence linker (polite)
and (not just but) |
が/けれども
けど |
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to have just done something, to have just finished doing something
Since she has just entered college, she is probably 18. (use the subjective one, not the literal) |
Vた ばかり
大学に入ったばかりだから、十八歳でしょう。 |
having to do with perception - not literal
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that ~
That town is called Exeter, where I was born. |
あの - if both are familiar (with it)
その - when only one of them is familiar with it そのExeterという町は私が生まれたところです。 |
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a change which has taken place, or will take place
I will become able to read Japanese newspapers. |
V(plain) ようになる
日本語の新聞がよめるようになる。 for adj's drop ように and: い adj change to -く な adj change to -に |
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it has been decided
or it is a general rule/custom that It has been decided I will not graduate. It has been arranged that I will be working at a Japanese company. When you enter a house it is the custom to take your shoes off. |
ことになる
ことになっている 日本の会社で仕事をするとになりました。 家に上がる時、くつをぬぐことになっています。 |
when non-generic it indicates the decision was made beyond your control
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Where are you from in Japan?
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日本はどちらですか。
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don't use で
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this person
This person is my classmate, Jon. |
こちらは
こちらは私の同級生のJonさまです。 |
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the thing/person called ~
(colloquial and written) The person called Jon, is tall. |
という
って ジョンという人は背が高い。 |
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What is 知識豊富?
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とは=って
「知識防府」って何ですか。 use とは when asking for a definition or explanation (if you see って + Qword it is とは) |
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as well as
I was born as well as raised in NH. |
~Vのも。。。~Vのも
生まれたのも育ったのもNHなんです。 |
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What would be good to say?
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~ばいいでしょうか
なんて言えばいいでしょうか。 |
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without doing
I will study without watching TV. |
~ないで
テレビを見ないで勉強する。 |
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didn't do and ~
didn't do and (so) ~ I didn't eat and so my stomach hurts. I didn't meet my friend in Japan, and that's too bad. |
~なくて
日本で友達に会わなくて残念でした。 |
often implies a reason, or just links two sentences together
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Offer a suggestion as to the correct kind of behavior. (slightly admonishing)
You should go to bed earlier. |
~ばいいのに
早く寝ればいいのに。 |
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moreover, besides
My head hurts, and moreover I have a small fever. This apartment is pretty. Moreover the rent is cheap. |
それに
頭が痛くて、それに熱もちょっとあるんです。 このアパートはきれいだ。それに家賃が安い。 adding something of a similar nature to the previous clause (rel. しかも) |
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and what is more
The apartment is incredibly spacious. What is more, the rent is cheap. |
しかも
このアパートはものすごく広いです。しかも家賃が安いです。 adding something of a suprising nature to the previous clause (それに could not be used here) |
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is not easily done or takes time
I couldn't fall asleep easily. |
なかなか Vない
なかなか眠れませんでした。 |
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Embedding a question into a sentence.
I don't know when he will go to Japan. I don't know if he is going to Japan or not. |
Qか分からない
いつ日本へ行くかわからない。 日本へ行くかどうか分かりません。 |
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and so, because of
cause and effect It was pouring rain this morning. And so the bus was late. It will rain today. So I think I will bring my umbrella. |
それで
だから 今朝はザーザー降りだった。それで/だからバスが遅れた。 今日は雨が降る。だからかさを持って行こう。(can't use それで) don't use それで with desire suggestion invitation request |
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there is/are a lot, many
There are a lot of people in Japan. |
多い
cannot modify nouns 日本には人が多い。 |
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to have interest [in]
I am interested in sports |
Sは somethingに 興味 がある
スポーツに興味がある。 |
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take a vacation
(not 休み) |
休暇を取る
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to like, to be fond of
I am fond of UBC campus. |
Sは ~が 気に入る
私はUBCのキャンパスがきに: 入りました 入っています 入りません don't use っている for neg (like 知っている、知らない) |
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to be just about to do something
(to have just done something) (to be [just] in the middle of doing something - lit) |
ところ だ
use for intentional acts - you definitely know you will do it |
ばかり = more of a perception
ところ = more literal, not what you felt |
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it looks like ~
(only visual info) It looks expensive. |
そうだ
~くなさそうだ - negative そうな - modifies a noun 高そうだ。 高くなさそうだ。 高そうなぺんです。 |
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to be late [for]
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「に」遅れる
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a reply when you don't really want to give a reason
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ちょっとそこまで
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somehow [you are doing it]
Somehow I am doing my best. |
なんとか
なんとか頑張っています。 |
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it is about ~
Actually, its about the next final exam. |
のこと
実は、今度の期末試験のことなんですけど。 |
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to forget
I forgot (in the past). I forgot (in this moment). I am forgetting/not remembering the teachers name. |
忘れる
忘れた 忘れていた 覚えていない 「=忘れている」 忘れている (cannot be used with 私) |
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I am sorry but...
(formal/informal) |
悪いけど。。。
申し訳ありませんが |
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Do you mind if...
Do you mind if I sit here? |
~もかまいませんか
ここに座ってもかまいませんか。 |
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Would you permit me to do...?
Would you please let me take the exam one day earlier? |
Causativeて+いただけないでしょうか
前の日に試験を受けさせていただけないでしょうか。 |
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if that's the case
I'm really cold. If that's the case lets go eat ramen. |
そういうことなら
とても寒いんです。 そういうことならラーメンを食べに行こう。 |
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Could you bring it over here (from him) for me?
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もらってきてくれない?
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Format for asking for a favour.
Opening: Is now a good time? Actually...blah...reason. And so... |
実は。。。んです。それで。。。
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I would appreciate if you could help me...
...make japanese flashcards (for me). |
~てもらえると助かる
助かる (vi.t)ー has connotation of being greatful for being helped 日本語のフラッシュカードを筑ってもらえると助かる。 |
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May I receive your favour of V...ing
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Vてもらってもいい
もらってもよろしい |
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things like, etc
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なんて
などと |
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older by one year (sibling)
younger by 3 years (sibiling) My brother is four years older than me. |
一つ上
三つ下 兄は僕より四つ上です。 |
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famous for ~
a town famous for beer That town is famous for its beer. |
~で有名だ
ビールで有名な町 その町はビールで有名です。 note: If you use an adj do adjことで有名 (きれいなことで有名) (美しいことで有名) |
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The third largest city
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三番目に大きい町
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not particularly
Swahili is not particularly interesting. |
別に。。。ない
Swahiliは別に面白くない。 |
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What is his name?
(lit. What is he called?) |
何ていう人
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to decide on
I will have sukiyaki. |
~にする
私は、すきやきにします。 |
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to give
very formal, from a superior to an inferior |
与える
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What should I do?
(two forms) |
どうしたらいいでしょうか
どうすればいいでしょうか |
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indirectly state opinion, suggest opinion
I have to come think that the level is too high. |
ように思う
私はレベルが高すぎるように思うんです。 |
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written form of ちゃんと
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きちんと
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give softer opinion with 方がいい
もっと勉強したほうがいい |
Vplain ほうがいい
もっと勉強するほうがいい |
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one cannot do for social/moral reasons
We can't speak Japanese at an American party. Even though I am busy, I have no choice but to sleep. |
~わけにはいかない
普通のアメリカノパーティーで日本語を話すわけにはいきません。 忙しくても寝ないわけには行きません。 goes with そうかと言って dictionary form - cannot do for moral/social reasons neg form - is affirmative, cannot help but do |
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if this state continues
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この調子だと
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that's what you say but..
qualifies preceding statement Japanese grammar is hard. Yes but we have to study it. (lit. we are obligated to study it) |
そうかと言って
日本語の文法が難しい。 そうかといって、勉強しないわけにはいかない。 |
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to try it and see
How about trying it out and seeing how it goes? |
様子を見ると
様子を見たらどうですか。 |
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after doing V
After consulting with my parents, I will reply. |
Vた上で
両親と相談した上でお返事します。 polite form, verb is always something important |
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after that
Yesterday I went shopping. After that I went to my friend's party. |
それから
emphasizes that an event follows another event きのうは買物に行きました。それから友達のパーテイーへ行った。 そして can be used instead of それから |
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and (generic)
Yesterday I went to a Japanese restaurant and ate sushi. |
そして
きのうは、日本料理室へ行った。そしておすしを食べた。 *それから cannot be used here instead of そして |
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because of that
It was snowing. The flight was delayed because of that. |
それで
presents a reason or a cause 雪が降りました。それで、飛行機が遅れたんです。 |
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must not do
You must not be late for class. |
いけない
クラスに遅れるといけない。 |
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If I am not mistaken...
If I am not mistaken, the population of Japan is 120,000,000. |
たしか
日本の人口は、たしか一億二千万ぐらいでしよう。 |
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Certainly...
Certainly I am the one who was wrong. |
たしかに
たしかに、私が悪かったです。 |
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to notice
I wasn't aware of my mistake. |
~に気がつく
間違いに気がつきませんでした。 |
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indicating someone has gone to a great deal of trouble
Please try not to forget kanji, which you have spent considerable time and energy to learn. |
せっかく
せっかく習った漢字は忘れないようにしましょう。 |
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