2018 World History Final Review

Front 1

Which ancient law code was a major that established the first written laws in Mesopotamia?

Back 1

Code of Hammurabi

Front 2

What is the term for the belief in many gods?

Back 2

Polytheism

Front 3

Define artisan.

Back 3

A person who makes things by hand; skilled worker, craftsman.

Front 4

Define commerce.

Back 4

Trade.

Front 5

What were the Ancient Egyptian pyramids used for?

Back 5

To bury and store their pharaohs.

Front 6

Which ancient civilization had the first sophisticated plumbing and sewage?

Back 6

The Indus River Valley civilization.

Front 7

Define divine.

Back 7

By god or god assistance.

Front 8

What was the social and economic system of classes of the Indus River Valley civilization?

Back 8

Caste System.

Front 9

What were the ruling families in Ancient China called?

Back 9

Dynasties.

Front 10

Define deity (deities).

Back 10

Gods.

Front 11

Who were the Semitic people of Israel?

Back 11

Jewish people.

Front 12

Define exodus.

Back 12

To leave/the escape from Egypt the Hebrews made.

Front 13

What economic activity facilitated cultural diffusion among ancient people?

Back 13

Trade.

Front 14

Why did ancient civilizations build near water?

Back 14

For farming and animals/ for crops.

Front 15

Why did the people of ancient civilizations use calendars?

Back 15

To keep track of when the crops would grow/ when the season would come.

Front 16

Define cultural diffusion.

Back 16

The spread of ideas.

Front 17

What are characteristics of a centralized government?

Back 17

Infrastructure, one capital, and one military.

Front 18

What type of leader was Cyrus the Great in Persia?

Back 18

Tolerant, compassionate, and merciful.

Front 19

Define ideal (idealism) in Greek art and sculpture.

Back 19

No expressions, flawless, generic, and unrealistic.

Front 20

What was the geographic reason for Greek city-states to go to war with each other?

Back 20

They wanted the Mediterranean Sea for trade, irrigation, and moving military around.

Front 21

Why was it so difficult to farm in Ancient Greece?

Back 21

The land was stony and unsuitable for farming. There was little fertile soil and fresh water for irrigation.

Front 22

Which form of government is run by a small group of wealthy individuals?

Back 22

Aristocracy.

Front 23

Which form of government is operated by only a few powerful military leaders?

Back 23

Oligarchy.

Front 24

Why did the Germanic tribes invade the Roman Empire?

Back 24

When the Mongol nomads moved into the region and tried to destroy everything in their path, the Germanic people tried to flee from them and ended up invading Rome.

Front 25

How was the Code of Hammurabi (Mesopotamia) and the Twelve Tables (Roman Republic) similar?

Back 25

Both brought order and laws. They were both law codes.

Front 26

List the main reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire?

Back 26

Government raised taxes (inflation), disorder in government (corruption), and food shortages and disease.

Front 27

Which two groups fought with each other during the early days of the Roman Republic?

Back 27

The plebeians and the patricians.

Front 28

Give examples of infrastructure in the Roman Empire.

Back 28

Roads and aqueducts.

Front 29

What major technological enhancement was built to bring water to the Romans?

Back 29

Aqueducts.

Front 30

What was the name of the nomadic group who chased the Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire?

Back 30

Mongols, the Huns.

Front 31

Define dictator.

Back 31

An absolute ruler, someone who has total power.

Front 32

What were the major contributions of the Roman world to World History?

Back 32

Government,

Front 33

What could happen to an empire after it has decentralized?

Back 33

Another dictator could come in and takeover, civil war, decentralization, invasion, decreased population, and inflation.

Front 34

What were the government policies set up by Asoka of the Mauryan Empire?

Back 34

Buddhist ideals, hospitals for his people and animals, Buddhist missionaries.

Front 35

Why did Shah Jahan have the Taj Mahal built?

Back 35

For his wife after she died giving birth to his child.

Front 36

Define karma.

Back 36

Every action has a consequence- if you do something bad to someone, there will be consequences. (It’s the same if you did good.)

Front 37

Which religion is associated with meditation, the Four Noble Truths, and nirvana?

Back 37

Buddhism.

Front 38

What is the one thing that Hindus and Buddhist both believe in?

Back 38

Reincarnation.

Front 39

Who was Siddhartha Gautama?

Back 39

He was the founder of Buddhism; Buddha.

Front 40

Which two major religions originated in India?

Back 40

Hinduism and Buddhism.

Front 41

Define what it means to be enlightened.

Back 41

Knowing the meaning of life/ understanding the lessons in life.

Front 42

Define filial piety.

Back 42

Respect for your parents and ancestors.

Front 43

Which Chinese ethical system was strict, organized, mean, centralized?

Back 43

Legalism.

Front 44

Which Chinese ethical system stressed filial piety, respect for ancestors, education?

Back 44

Confucianism.

Front 45

Which Chinese ethical system stressed natural order of living things and contributed to the sciences?

Back 45

Daoism.

Front 46

Under the Han Dynasty, how were government officials chosen?

Back 46

Based on merit-qualifications/ability-rather than birth. They had to take the civil service examination.

Front 47

What was the Byzantine version of the ancient Roman law code?

Back 47

Justinian Code.

Front 48

Which form of Christianity was developed in the Byzantine Empire?

Back 48

Orthodox Church.

Front 49

What was the name of the port city of Constantinople before it was renamed?

Back 49

Byzantium.

Front 50

Which Roman official ordered execution of Jesus?

Back 50

Pontius Pilate-a Roman governor.

Front 51

Define martyr.

Back 51

Someone who’s willing to sacrifice their life for a belief or cause.

Front 52

Define bureaucracy.

Back 52

Those who run the government-a civil service.

Front 53

Why was Christianity popular?

Back 53

Jesus ignored wealth and status/and it offered a personal relationship with God, which is what most people wanted.

Front 54

What was the role of a serf on the manor system?

Back 54

Attached to the land/did most of the farming. There was rights and responsibilities between a lord and his serfs.

Front 55

Define tithe.

Back 55

A church tax.

Front 56

Which group made up a majority of plague survivors during the Middle Ages?

Back 56

Peasants.

Front 57

What were the long-term effects of the Crusades?

Back 57

Increased trade between Europe and Southwest Asia, weakened the power of the pope, increased the power of the kings, bitterness/hatred between Christians/Muslims, and growth of trade, towns, and universities.

Front 58

What was the agreement made between a lord and a serf during the Middle Ages?

Back 58

The Manor-Lord’s property. If they raised or made nearly everything that they or their lord needed for daily life they could get land in exchange.

Front 59

What institution unified society during the Middle Ages?

Back 59

The Roman Catholic Church.

Front 60

What was the major role of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages?

Back 60

They unified society and bonded people together. It provided Christians with a sense of security and belonging.

Front 61

Why did feudalism develop in Western Europe?

Back 61

To survive after the fall of the Roman Empire-there was decentralization, invasions, disruption in trade, and a decline in population. They needed to find a way to recover and start over (it happens right after a collapse).

Front 62

What was the long-term effect of the 2nd Great Schism?

Back 62

The authority of the Roman Catholic Church weakened.

Front 63

What were the effects of the plague (Black Death) in Europe?

Back 63

The population decreased, trade declined (prices rose), peasant revolts, feudal system collapsed, freedom for workers and workers were compensated, and faith in the Church declined.

Front 64

Why are the Middle Ages in Europe referred to as the “Dark Ages”?

Back 64

It was referred to as the dark ages because of the Bubonic Plague, population loss, peasant revolts, War, and decline of trade.

Front 65

Define vernacular.

Back 65

Language of a homeland.

Front 66

What were the effects of the Hundred Years’ War?

Back 66

Nationalism (devotion and loyalty to ones own country), increased power of the monarchy, people’s dedication to the church decreased, and new military technology was made (long how, cannon, and gunpowder).

Front 67

What did the economies of the west African nations rely on?

Back 67

The Gold-Salt trade.

Front 68

What kind of city is Timbuktu?

Back 68

Timbuktu was a thriving trading center used for education and trade.

Front 69

Why did Islam spread to Africa?

Back 69

Cultural Diffusion.

Front 70

How were the Silk Road and West African trade routes similar?

Back 70

Ideas were exchanged by cultural diffusion.

Front 71

What made the invention of movable type so innovative?

Back 71

More people would want to learn how to read/faster to print things.

Front 72

List the inventions of the Tang/Song Dynasties.

Back 72

Movable type, gun-powder, magnetic compass, porcelain, mechanical clock, and paper money.

Front 73

Which substance was used by by the Chinese in public celebrations?

Back 73

Fireworks from the explosive gunpowder.

Front 74

What was the main reason for the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty?

Back 74

The revival of the civil service examination.

Front 75

What made Genghis Khan such a great conqueror?

Back 75

He was a great strategist and a brutal warrior when it came to conquering territories. He had 200,000 skilled horsemen, strong bamboo bows, and giant catapults.

Front 76

Which are the two major nomadic invaders came from Central Asia?

Back 76

The Huns and the Mongols. ?

Front 77

According to Muslims, Mohammed was a messenger of god; or_______

Back 77

Prophet.

Front 78

Define hajj.

Back 78

Hajj is a journey or plan to visit Mecca.

Front 79

Define Allah.

Back 79

Allah is Arabic for “God.” (Supreme God)

Front 80

Define jihad.

Back 80

Jihad is a holy war to defend Islam.

Front 81

What is the Islamic holy book called?

Back 81

The Quran.

Front 82

What was the first book printed on the printing press?

Back 82

The Bible.

Front 83

What are the characteristics of a “Renaissance Man”?

Back 83

Excelled in many fields, charming, witty, and well educated.

Front 84

What were indulgences?

Back 84

A pardon, and it released a sinner from performing the penalty a priest imposed for sins.

Front 85

Who declared himself as the first leader of the Anglican Christian Church?

Back 85

Henry VIII (the eighth).

Front 86

What were the teachings of John Calvin?

Back 86

He taught about God, salvation, and human nature. He wrote that men and women are sinful by nature, and that humans can not earn salvation, and that God chooses very few people to save (elect), and that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved.

Front 87

What were the major effects of the invention of the printing press?

Back 87

High literacy rate, helped spread democratic ideas and secular ideas.

Front 88

Why did the Protestant Reformation occur in the first place?

Back 88

The popes during the renaissance were corrupt, poorly educated, spent extravagantly on personal pleasure, and drank or gambled excessively. People were criticizing the Roman Catholic Church, and their political power.

Front 89

Why did Henry VIII split from the Roman Catholic Church?

Back 89

He wanted to divorce his wife, and he wasn’t allowed to do that if he had stayed, so he left.

Front 90

What was the major goal of the Jesuits in the Counter-Reformation?

Back 90

To stop the spread of Protestantism.

Front 91

What were the economic effects of the Renaissance?

Back 91

The growth of city-states due to new trade routes formed, money was invested in science, invention, and exploration, and the merchant class were now the wealthiest.

Front 92

Mary I was known for her many executions of which group of people?

Back 92

Protestants.

Front 93

What did Machiavelli promote in his story “The Prince”?

Back 93

He promoted ideas that an absolute ruler was needed to have a strong government, the nature of humanity was corrupt (people are selfish), and that a ruler should always be on the lookout to see if the people’s self-interests don’t turn against them.

Front 94

Define theocracy.

Back 94

It’s a government led by religious leaders.

Front 95

Which English monarch succeeded Mary I?

Back 95

Queen Elizabeth I.

Front 96

How did the Medici family gain their wealth?

Back 96

By controlling the bank and people’s money.

Front 97

What is the study of Theology?

Back 97

Religious studies or the study of religion.

Front 98

How were the writers of the Renaissance influenced by the writers of Ancient Greece?

Back 98

Scholars read the Ancient Rome and Greek ideas and talked about it with each other/humanists studied them to understand Greek values/wanted to return to that learning. They used sarcasm and poetry and humanist ideas.

Front 99

What were the Acts of Supremacy?

Back 99

A legislation that recognized Henry as the official head of England’s Church/recognized his divorce.

Front 100

What were the architectural characteristics innovated during the Renaissance?

Back 100

The arch, realistic sculptors, domes, and vaults.