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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Seventy percent of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in _________." |
The home. Part 1, pg. 1 |
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"About ___________ [of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests] are unwitnessed." |
Half. Part 1, pg. 1 |
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"Only about 10% of adult patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest who are treated by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) survive to _____________." |
Hospital discharge Part 1, pg. 1 |
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Definition of Adults |
Adolescents (i.e., after the onset of puberty) and older. Part 1, pg. 2 |
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Definition of Children |
1 year of age to puberty. Part 1, pg. 2 |
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Definition of Infants |
Less than 1 year of age (excluding newly born infants in the delivery room). Part 1, pg. 2 |
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"Start compressions within _______ seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest." |
10 seconds Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Compress at a rate of _____________..." |
100 to 120/min Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Compress...with a depth of __________ for adults." |
At least 2 inches (5 cm) Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Compress...with a depth of ________ for children." |
At least one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm) Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Compress...with a depth of ___________ for infants." |
At least one third the depth of the chest, about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Allow ______________ after each compression." |
Complete chest recoil Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"...try to limit interruptions to less than ______________." |
10 seconds Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Give effective breaths that ______________." |
Make the chest rise Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"Avoid ___________ ventilation." |
Excessive Part 1, pg. 3 |
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"...research suggests that compression depth greater than ______________ in adults may cause injuries." |
2.4 inches (6 cm) Part 1, pg. 3 |
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First link in the Chain of Survival for IHCA |
Surveillance, prevention, and treatment of prearrest conditions Part 1, pg. 5 |
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Second link in the Chain of Survival for IHCA |
Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system Part 1, pg. 5 |
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Third link in the Chain of Survival for IHCA |
Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions Part 1, pg. 5 |
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Fourth link in the Chain of Survival for IHCA |
Rapid defibrillation Part 1, pg. 5 |
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Fifth link in the Chain of Survival for IHCA |
Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care Part 1, pg. 5 |
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First link in the Chain of Survival for OHCA |
Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system Part 1, pg. 6 |
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Second link in the Chain of Survival for OHCA |
Early CPR with an emphasis on chest compressions Part 1, pg. 6 |
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Third link in the Chain of Survival for OHCA |
Rapid defibrillation with an AED Part 1, pg. 6 |
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Fourth link in the Chain of Survival for OHCA |
Effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest care) Part 1, pg. 6 |
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Fifth link in the Chain of Survival for OHCA |
Multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care Part 1, pg. 6 |
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"In children, cardiac arrest is often secondary to ___________ and ___________." |
-Respiratory failure-Shock Part 1, pg. 9 |
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"...a _________ link is added in the pediatric Chain of Survival." |
Prevention Part 1, pg. 9 |
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"____________ occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood." |
Sudden cardiac arrest Part 1, pg. 9 |
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"A _____________ occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked." |
Heart attack Part 1, pg. 9 |
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"Nearly _______________ out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur annually in the United States." |
360,000 Part 1, pg. 10 |
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Review 1.1: In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? a. Healthcare clinics b. Homes c. Recreational facilities d. Shopping centers |
b. Homes Part 1, pg. 11 |
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Review 1.2: Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? a. Cardiac problem b. Congenital or acquired heart defect c. Respiratory failure or shock d. Infection and sepsis |
c. Respiratory failure or shock Part 1, pg. 11 |
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Review 1.3: What is the third link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival? a. Advanced life support b. High-quality CPR c. Prevention d. Rapid defibrillation |
d. Rapid defibrillation Part 1, pg. 11 |
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Review 1.4: Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? a. When respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change b. When the heart rate is 40-60/min and respirations increase c. When blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases d. When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly |
d. When an abnormal rhythm develops and the heart stops beating unexpectedly Part 1, pg. 11 |
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"Signs of puberty include __________________ in males and ______________ in females." |
-Chest or underarm hair-Any breast development Part 2, pg. 13 |
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"CPR consists of these main components: " |
-Chest compressions -Airway -Breathing Part 2, pg. 14 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 1 |
Verify scene safety Part 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 2 |
-Victim is unresponsive -Shout for nearby help -Activate emergency response system via mobile device (if appropriate) -Get AED and emergency equipment (or send someone to do so). Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 3 |
-Look for no breathing or only gasping and check for pulse (simultaneously) Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiact Arrest Algorithm: Step 3a (normal breathing, has pulse) |
Monitor until emergency responders arrive Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 3b (No normal breathing, has pulse) |
-Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds -Activate emergency response system (if not already done) after 2 min -Continue rescue breathing; check pulse every 2 min. If no pulse, begin CPR. -If possible opioid overdose, administer naloxone if available per protocol. Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 4 (No breathing or only gasping, no pulse) |
-CPR-Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths -Use AED as soon as it is available Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 5 |
AED arrives Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 6 |
Check rhythm. Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 7 (Shockable rhythm after rhythm check) |
-Give 1 shock -Resume CPR immediately for about 2 minutes (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check). -Continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move. Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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BLS Adult Cardiac Arrest Algorithm: Step 8 (Non-shockable rhythm after rhythm check) |
-Resume CPR immediately for about 2 minutes (until prompted by AED to allow rhythm check) -Continue until ALS providers take over or victim starts to move. Pt. 2, pg. 15 |
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"If you are alone, _______________________________. If someone else is available, send that person to get [the AED/defibrillator and emergency equipment]." |
Get the AED/defibrillator and emergency equipment. Pt. 2, pg. 16 |
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True or False: Agonal gasps constitute normal breathing |
False Pt. 2, pg. 17 |
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Locating the carotid pulse: |
-Locate the trachea on the side closest to you, using 2 or 3 fingers -Slide those fingers into the groove between the trachea and the neck muscles -Feel for a pulse for between 5 and 10 seconds Pt. 2, pg. 18 |
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"Single rescuers should use the compression-to-ventilation ratio of _________________ when giving CPR to victims of any age." |
30 compressions to 2 ventilations Pt. 2, pg. 19 |
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"Do not move the victim while CPR is in progress unless __________________ or ________________________________." |
-The victim is in a dangerous environment -You believe you cannot perform CPR effectively in the victim's present position or location. Pt. 2, pg. 19 |
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"A ______ surface allows compression of the chest and heart to create blood flow." |
Firm Pt. 2, pg. 19 |
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Hand and body position during chest compressions |
-Put the heel of one hand in the center of the victim's chest, on the lower half of the sternum -Put the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand -Straighten your arms and position your shoulders directly over your hands. Pt. 2, pg. 20 |
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Two methods for opening the airway are: |
-Head tilt-chin lift-Jaw thrust Pt. 2, pg. 21 |
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"If a head or neck injury is suspected, use the ___________ to reduce neck and spine movement. Switch to a ____________ if the [first method] does not open the airway." |
-Jaw-thrust maneuver -Head tilt-chin lift maneuver Pt. 2, pg. 21 |
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"Deliver each breath over ______ second(s)." |
-1 second Pt. 2, pg. 24 |
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"When giving compressions, rescuers should switch compressors after every __________________________, or sooner if ________." |
-5 cycles of CPR (about every 2 minutes) -Fatigued Pt. 2, pg. 29 |
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2-rescuer CPR: Rescuer 1's location |
At the victim's side Pt. 2, pg. 30 |
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2-rescuer CPR: Rescuer 2's location |
At the victim's head Pt. 2, pg. 30 |
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2-rescuer CPR: Rescuer 1's duties |
-Make sure the victim is faceup on a firm, flat surface -Perform chest compressions -Switch compressors when needed. Pt. 2, pg. 30 |
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2-rescuer CPR: Rescuer 2's duties |
-Maintain an open airway by using either a head tilt-chin lift or a jaw thrust. -Give breaths -Encourage the first rescuer to give correct compressions -Switch compressors when needed. Pt. 2, pg. 30 |
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Review 2.2: The man doesn't respond when you touch his shoulders and shout, "Are you OK?" What is your next best action? a. Check his pulse b. Start high-quality CPR c. Start providing rescue breaths d. Shout for nearby help |
d. Shout for nearby help Pt. 2, pg. 31 |
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Review 2.3: Several rescuers respond, and you ask them to activate the emergency response and retrieve the AED and emergency equipment. As you check for a pulse and breathing, you notice that the man is gasping for air and making "snorting" sounds. You do not feel a pulse. What is your best next action? a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions b. Monitor the victim until additional, more experienced help arrives c. Provide rescue breathing by delivering 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds d. Find someone to help by retrieving the AED |
a. Start high-quality CPR, beginning with chest compressions Pt. 2, pg. 31 |
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Review 2.4: What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult? a. 10 compressions to 2 breaths b. 15 compressions to 2 breaths c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths d. 100 compressions to 2 breaths |
c. 30 compressions to 2 breaths Pt. 2, pg. 31 |
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Review 2.5 What are the rate and depth for chest compressions on an adult? a. 60 to 80 compressions/minute, about 1 inch b. 80 to 100 compressions/minute, about 1 1/2 inches. c. 120 to 140 compressions/minute, about 2 1/2 inches d. 100 to 120 compressions/minute, at least 2 inches |
d. 100 to 120 compressions/minute, at least 2 inches Pt. 2, pg. 31 |
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Review 2.7: If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway? a. Head tilt-chin lift b. Jaw thrust c. Head tilt-neck left d. Avoid opening the airway |
b. Jaw thrust Pt. 2, pg. 31 |
