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122 Cards in this Set
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The Venerable Bede
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627-735 AD
linguist, historian, and translator living in Northumbria who contributed significantly to English Christianity |
Justin Greer
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Alfred the Great
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849-899 AD Born in Wantage nr Oxford. King of Wessex fought Vikings
improved education, legal system & military. Gave books as gifts to Barons. Alfred's tower at Stourhead marks a victory |
Justin Greer
note: only English monarch ever given the epithet "the Great." |
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Alaric the Goth
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Sack of Rome in 410 A.D., helped bring about the decline of the Roman Empire.
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Ailsa Lillywhite
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Vortigen (Gwrtheyrn)
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A fifth century warlord who invited the Saxons, who then revolted against him and settled down. Traded Rowena for Kent, Hengist and Horsa uncle and father to Rowena.
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Ailsa Lillywhite
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Saint Wilfrid of York
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633-709 A.D.
Archbishop of Canterbury who used Hadrian's wall to build a Basilica. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Canute (Cnut the Great)
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985-1035 A.D. King of England, Norway, Denmark and some of Sweden.
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Ailsa Lillywhite
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St David (Dewi Sant)
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-Patron Saint of Wales (c.500-589)
-Born the son of Sandde, son of King Ceredig of Ceredigion, himself son of the famous warrior Cunedda. -Ordered monks to do heavy manual labour during the day and study scripture at night. -It is believed he died in Pembrokeshire, Wales on March 1 which is now Saint David's Day. |
Julia Wheatley
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Cunedda
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-Legendary Warrior (5th Century)
-Came from the Votadini tribe of Southern Scotland to fight off Irish invaders of northern Wales. |
Julia Wheatley
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Henry II
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1133-1189
Father of Common Law in England Married Eleanor of Aquitaine Father to future Kings, Richard and John. |
Catherine Brown
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Thomas Beckett
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Commoner who became the Archbishop of Canterbury. Assassinated by some of Henry II's knights in Canterbury Cathedral
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Catherine Brown
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William the Conqueror
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1st Norman King of England
1066 - 1087 had an enormous impact on building, fortification, language, church, and government. |
Justin Greer
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Wife of Henry II, mother of Richard and John (and others) Queen consort of France and England. Patroness of several literary figures.
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Justin Greer
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Bleddyn the Merciful
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Prince Bleddyn ap Cynfyn of Gwynedd was killed in war. He is remembered as the most merciful and lovable of all kings. He was civil and generous. He became known as Bleddyn the Merciful (only Welsh prince to be given such a title).
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Brooke Davis
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Prince Hywel Dda ('the Good')
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He was responsible for having the laws of the Welsh written down. The Laws of Wales were established and sent all over the country.
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Brooke Davis
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
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1223 – 11 December 1282 A.D.
Prince of Wales, fought against Edward I's conquest of Wales, died in a skirmish. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Simon de Montfort
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6th Earl of Leicester, Author of the Provisions of Oxford. Led the barons' rebellion against Henry III and became de facto ruler of England (1208-1265) Called the first directly elected Parliament in medieval Europe.
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Justin Greer
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William Wallace
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Scottish knight and landowner, one of the main leaders during the War of Scottish Independence. Died in 1305. Family from South Scotland, Wallace from the same origin as Wales, Wealas.
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Justin Greer
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Edward I
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Also called "Longshanks" and the "Hammer of the Scots." Intimidating and a strong leader.
Died 7 July 1307. Son Ed II was weak and lost the land won by his father. |
Justin Greer
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Robert the Bruce
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King of Scots from 1306 to 1329.
Fought Edward I and II Brilliant military mind and national hero. Famous for his coronation at Scone, the Battle of Bannockburn, and others. |
Justin Greer
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House of Plantagenet
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Royal house founded by Henry II's father. Three lions are their symbol. Ruled 1154-1485 (15 monarchs total). Famous for the establishment of law, the Magna Carta, Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Universities
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Brooke Davis
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Richard the Lionheart
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Son of Henry II. Declared war on father and took the crown from him. Started ethnic cleansing of England's Jews. Famous for the Crusades
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Brooke Davis
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Henry III
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First child king of England. Son of John, grandson of Henry II. Greatest monument is Westminster. Called the first Parliament.
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Brooke Davis
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Dafydd ap Gwilym
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Perhaps the greatest Welsh poet of all time
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Brooke Davis
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Edward III
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Ascended the English throne in 1327. Appointed native Welshmen to various posts within the government and law systems. Valued Welsh fighting qualities. Welsh archers helped him win battles in the Hundred Years' War.
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Brooke Davis
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Henry Tudor
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King Henry VII - reformed the government of Wales. He abolished the remaining powers of the marcher lords and replaced them with officials appointed by the king.
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Brooke Davis
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Henry VIII
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Tudor, Revolutionized the government of Wales-- one nation referred to as "England and Wales", no private armies led to peace, Welsh counties could hold elections. Son of H VII, father of Edward VI, Mary I, Elisabeth I.
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Brooke Davis
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William Morgan
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Translated the Bible into Welsh in 1588, at the request of Elisabeth I.
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Brooke Davis
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Perrot Family
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Landowners in Pembrokeshire in 1130. By 1450 they were the richest family in Wales but they always refused a noble title.
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Jensen Lillywhite
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Anne Boleyn
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Queen of England from 1533-1536, second wife of King Henry VIII, and mother to Queen Elizabeth I. Caught Henry's eye as a maid of honor in France, and was one of the primary reasons that Henry decided to break from the Catholic Church. She was executed under charges of adultery.
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Dana Knudsen
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Thomas Wolsey
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Powerful political and religious figure. Chief Adviser to Henry VIII. Became a cardinal. His failure to procure an annulment for Henry's marriage to Catherine lead to his demise.
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Dana Knudsen
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Walter "Wat" Tyler
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January 4, 1341-June 15, 1381
He was a leader of the English Peasants' Revolt of 1381. Richard III was the target of the rebellion. |
Julia Wheatley
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Sir Thomas Wyatt
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Poet at Henry VIII's court who was said to have first introduced the sonnet to the English language. He loved Anne Boleyn, but was unable to have a relationship with her because the king also loved her.
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Dana Knudsen
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Richard II
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1367-1400
King of England (1377-1399) at the age of ten. A member of the House of Plantagenet and the last of its main-line kings. |
Julia Wheatley
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Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke)
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1366-1413
King of England and Lord of Ireland. Overthrew King Richard II in 1399. Became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of Plantagenets. |
Julia Wheatley
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Jane Seymour
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Third wife of Henry VIII. Gave birth to Edward VI and shortly thereafter. In contrast to her predecessor, Anne, she was quiet modest.
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Dana Knudsen
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John of Gaunt
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1340-1399
1st Duke of Lancaster The third son of King Edward III and Father of King Henry IV. |
Julia Wheatley
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Anne of Cleves
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German noblewoman who became the fourth wife of King Henry VIII. The marriage between Anne and the king was never consummated, and was shortly thereafter annulled. Anne became known as the sister of the king, and outlived all of his other wives.
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Dana Knudsen
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Edward of Woodstock (Black Prince)
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1330-1376 Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Aquitaine.
Eldest son of King Edward III of England. 1348 he became the first Knight of the Garter. |
Julia Wheatley
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Rhodri Mawr (Rhodri the Great)
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820-878 King of Gwynedd from 844 until death.
The first Welsh ruler to be called 'Great'. Commanded a great army, and won international fame as a warrior. |
Julia Wheatley
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Harold II
(Harold Godwinson) |
1022-1066
Son of Earl of Wessex. The last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Died during the Battle of Hastings. |
Julia Wheatley
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Catherine of Aragon
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1485-1536
-The first wife of Arthur, Prince of Wales. After his death she married Henry who became King, the eighth of that name. |
Julia Wheatley
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Rosamund Clifford
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(before 1150-1176) often referred to as "The Fair Rosamund" or the "Rose of the World". She was one of King Henry II's favorite mistresses and Eleanor of Aquitaine was jealous of her. She may be the main reason Eleanor started going against her husband and trying to get her son Richard to be king.
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Erin Owens
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Hadrian
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(24 January 76- 10 July 138) Was a Roman Emperor from 117 to 138, and build the Hadrian Wall, which marked the Northern limit of Roman Britain. He was a rather peaceful emperor although he had a reputation for being a great military administrator and he released coins with himself on them in military garb.
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Erin Owens
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St. Patrick
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Believed to have lived sometime between 340 and 440, he was a Romano-Briton and Christian missionary. He was born in Wales; however, he is the patron saint of Ireland. He was captured at the age of 16 by Irish raiders and lived as a slave there for six years. After escaping he went back to Wales and entered the Roman Catholic Church. He then returned to Ireland as a Bishop and on March 17 we celebrate his death date called St. Patrick's Day.
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Erin Owens
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Edward the Confessor
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Was one of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England who ruled from 1042 to 1066. He was succeeded by Harold Godwinson. During his reign the Westminster Abbey started being built. He is known for being an unworldly king, but he is also known for the fact that the royal family's power disintegrated in England.
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Erin Owens
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Queen Elizabeth I
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1533-1603 Last Tudor monarch, daughter of King Henry VIII. In her reign, she defeated Spanish Armada. Often known as The Virgin Queen because she produced no heir.
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Dana Knudsen
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Mary I of England
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1516-1558 Child of Henry VIII and his first wife, Catherine. Became queen after her younger brother, Edward VI, died. Staunchly Catholic, she was known as Bloody Mary because of her violent opposition to Protestantism.
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Dana Knudsen
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Mary, Queen of Scots
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Also known as Mary Stuart. 1542-1587. Daughter King James V of Scotland. Cousin to Elisabeth I many wanted her to be queen. She was imprisoned and beheaded by Elizabeth. Mother of James VI Scotland I of England.
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Dana Knudsen
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William Cecil
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1521-1598. Chief adviser to Queen Elizabeth I and Lord High Treasurer. Wanted Elizabeth to marry so she would be able to produce an heir.
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Dana Knudsen
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Robert Dudley
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1533-1588.1st Earl of Leicester. Queen Elizabeth's close friend perhaps lover. Scandal of his wife's death contributed to Elizabeth's not marrying him.
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Dana Knudsen
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Lord Henry Darnley
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1545-1567. King consort of Scotland and second husband to Mary, Queen of Scots. Their marriage produced King James VI of Scotland (who later became James I of England). Incompetent husband, murdered so that Mary wouldn't have to deal with him any longer.
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Dana Knudsen
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Caractacus
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Led British resistance against Roman conquest, asked Claudius "If you have all this, why did you want my wooden hut?" Was spared his life and given land in Italy.
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Katie Shrek
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Aaron and Julius
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First martyrs, executed in the amphitheater at Caerloen July 1st, 304 AD. They were Christians who refused to sacrifice to Roman gods.
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Katie Shrek
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Maelgwn
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Prince of Gwynedd, known as the Dragon because of his skill in war. Not well liked, gained power in 510 by killing his uncled, died in 547 during a plague.
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Katie Shrek
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Madoc
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Welsh prince who supposedly discovered America in 1170, never seen again after setting off for America a second time.
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Katie Shrek
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David Lloyd George
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1863 - 1945 The "Welsh Wizard", the greatest orator of the early 20th century
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Jensen Lillywhite
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Howell Harris
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1714 - 1773 Walked across Wales preaching God's forgiveness. His funeral attracted over 20,000 mourners.
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Jensen Lillywhite
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William Williams 'Pantycelyn'
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1717 - 1791
Powerful preacher known for his hymns, which were published in a book with an uninspired name; Ychydig Hymnau, "A Few Hymns" |
Jensen Lillywhite
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Owain Glendwr
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The last native Welshman to have title, the Prince of Wales, began a Welsh revolt against Henry IV, eventually the revolt was suppressed but Owain was never captured.
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Catherine Brown
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Bonnie Prince Charlie
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1720-1788, a Stuart, he tried to re-take the thrones of Scotland and England, supported by Jacobites, all attempts were crushed by the Duke of Cumberland
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Catherine Brown
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Robert Walpole
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1650-1700 The first Prime Minister of Britain, during reign of George I and George II
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Catherine Brown
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Duke of Cumberland
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1721-1765, Son of George II, known for his brutality in crushing the Jacobite Revolt, nicknamed "Butcher" Cumberland
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Catherine Brown
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Julius Caesar
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Attempted to invade Britain in 54 BC and 55 BC, failed both times
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Catherine Brown
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Oliver Cromwell
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1599-1658, began as a country gentleman, religious fanatic, believed that he was appointed by God to overthrow the Stuart monarchy, became the "Lord Protector," used extreme measures against Catholics in Scotland
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Catherine Brown
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William Tyndale
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c. 1492 – 1536
Translated the Bible into English, was condemned to death for heresy. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Philip II of Spain
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1527 – 1598
Husband of Mary I of England, proposed marriage to Elizabeth I after Mary died. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Lady Jane Grey
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1536/1537 - 1554
Sometimes known as 'The Nine Days' Queen' because that was how long she reigned before she was executed to make way for Mary I. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Guy Fawks
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1570 – 1606
He was among a group of Catholics who orchestrated the failed 'Gunpowder Plot' of 1605. He attempted to blow up parliament and was caught and executed. Guy Fawks day is November 5th. |
Ailsa Lillywhite
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Iolo Morganwg
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1747-1826, forged documents about ancient druid ceremonies that are now a part of the Eistedfod
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Catherine Brown
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Y Wladfa
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In 1865, 153 Welsh speakers moved to Patagonia, Argentina to form a new community so that they could keep the Welsh language and customs pure.
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Catherine Brown
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King William the Third
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Was a sovereign Prince of Orange. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland. In what became known as the "Glorious Revolution", on 5 November 1688 William invaded England in an action that ultimately deposed King James II & VII and won him the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland.
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Brooke Davis
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Jacobites
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Jacobitism was a response to the deposing of James II and VII in 1688 when he was replaced by his daughter Mary II jointly with her husband and first cousin William III. They were dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England.
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Brooke Davis
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Tories
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The Tories represented the more conservative royalist supporters of Charles II, who endorsed a strong monarchy as a counterbalance to the power of Parliament. Besides the support of a strong monarchy, the Tories also stood for the Church of England.
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Brooke Davis
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Thomas Cromwell
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Henry VIII's chief minister, helped in the reformation of England, also had a hand in Anne Boleyn's beheading.
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Jensen Lillywhite
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St. Tisilio
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640 A.D.
Bishop who refused to marry his brothers widow, Llanfairpwllgywngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantisiliogogogoch after him |
Zenobia Taylor
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Offa
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757 A.D.
King of Merica, built a wall on the border of Wales and England to separate his kingdom from the Welsh |
Zenobia Taylor
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Sweyn Forkbeard
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1013 A.D.
First Danish King of England |
Zenobia Taylor
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Edmund Ironside
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1016 A.D.
Fought against Cnut and lost his crown after 7 months |
Zenobia Taylor
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Harold Harefoot
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1013 A.D.
Harold I, Son of Cnut |
Zenobia Taylor
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Matilda
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1102 born
Daughter of Henry I, uncle Stephen fought against her for the throne |
Zenobia Taylor
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Louis
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1216 A.D.
Brought over after John went back on his agreement with the barons, was kicked out in less than a year |
Zenobia Taylor
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Henry VI
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1422 A.D.
Child King during the War of the Roses, House of Lancaster |
Zenobia Taylor
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Henry V
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1413 A.D.
Most Famous for his victory at the Battle of Agincourt |
Zenobia Taylor
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Edward V
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1483 A.D.
King for two months until his Uncle Richard III took him and his younger brother to the tower |
Zenobia Taylor
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Calgacus
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Fought Roman army at Battle of Mons Graupius, AD 83
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J. Lieb
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Illtud
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Welsh saint and founder and abbot of Llanilltud Fawr. He also reestablished the monastery school of Cor Tewdws
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Erin Owens
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Saint Gildas
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He was a 6th Century cleric and was often called Gildas Sapiens( Gildas the Wise). He wrote narratives about post-Roman Britian and it is one of the only sources of history that is substantial during this period and written by a near-contemporary.
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Erin Owens
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Saint leonorus
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He died around 560. He is remembered as having founded several churches and monasteries. Also, he once cleared a forest by calling up a storm to blow away the trees.
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Erin Owens
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Saint Brioc
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He was an early 6th century Welshman who became the first Abbot of Saint-Brieuc in Brittany. He is one of the seven founder saints of Brittany. He was born around 520 and his ring is still kept at Saint-Brieuc Cathedral in Brittany.
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Erin Owens
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Rhiannon
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She is mother to the Demetian hero Pryderi and wife to Pwyll. She is an important Goddess in Welsh mythology who brought fertility to the earth.
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Erin Owens
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Manawyddan
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He is a Welsh god and is the brother of Brân and Branwen. He is said to have lived in a hall built with human bones, which means people were probably sacrificed to him. He was a god of craftsmen.
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Erin Owens
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Godwin, Earl of Wessex
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Powerful English earl under Canute. Father of Harold Godwinson, father-in-law of Edward the Confessor.
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J. Lieb
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Odo, Earl of Kent (Bishop of Bayeux)
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half-brother of William the Conqueror. At the Battle of Hastings, but supposedly did not fight - only encouraged the army, according to the Bayeux tapestry, which it is believed he commissioned for his own cathedral.
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J. Lieb
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Tostig Godwinson
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Earl of Northumbria, fought and died at Battle of Stamford Bridge against his brother, Harold Godwinson. Had allied with Hardrada of Norway to get revenge on Harold for banishing him from England.
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J. Lieb
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Geoffrey Plantagenet
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Count of Anjou. married Matilda, heiress of Henry I, in order to establish peace between England and Anjou. Their son founded the Plantagenet dynasty.
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J. Lieb
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Edward II
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1307 - 1327
First English Prince of Wales, was a weak king who died mysteriously. |
Jensen Lillywhite
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Lambert Simnel
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1486
Nine year-old caught up in attempt to gain the throne, selected because he resembled the Yorkist prince. |
Jensen Lillywhite
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George III
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The Mad King, suffered from the blood disease porphyria.Was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 to 1 January 1801.
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Jensen Lillywhite
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King Arthur
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Key character within the Arthurian tales. Still debated on whether or not he actually existed- if he did, he took office around 500 AD. He led the Britons to a victory over the Saxons around 516 AD.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Uther Pendragon
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The father of King Arthur, described as a strong king and defender of the people.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Mordred
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Nephew of Arthur, that led a civil war against Arthur in which they both were killed.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Merlin
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The famous wizard in King Arthur's court. Said to based on the bard and prophet Myrddin Wyllt who lived in Scotland's Tweed Valley around 580 AD.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Morgan le Faye
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half-sister to King Arthur, is a powerful sorceress that may have been an adversary to the Round Table.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Sir Lancelot
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Considered the closest and most trusted knight of King Arthur's until betrayal.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Guinevere
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Queen to King Arthur, but is said she had a love affair with Sir Lancelot.
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Chelsea Staheli
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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1759-1797. Author of Vindication of the Rights of Women. An avid philosopher, writer, and supporter of the french revolution. Married William Godwin and died in childbirth. Commonly referred to as the founder for Modern Feminism.
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Chelsea Staheli
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William Godwin
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1756-1836. Journalist, political philosopher, and novelist. Commonly known through the radical circles of London, one of the first proponents of utilitarianism and anarchism. Married feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, and became heartbroken after her death
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Chelsea Staheli
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Harold Hardrada
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Norse leader who fought with Tostig Godwinson against Harold Godwinson at Stamford Bridge. 300 ships come to England, only a handful return.
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J. Lieb
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James I
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Son of Mary, Queen of Scots. Sponsored the translation of the King James Bible.
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J. Lieb
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Mangus Maximus
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Senior commander in Roman Britain in 382 AD, in 383 defeats an invasion of Picts and then depart Britain invades Gaul and is elevated to emperor.
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Katie Shrek
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Wortigernos/Vitalinus
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425-455 AD, possible first emperor of Britain, King of Pagenses. Died by fire
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Katie Shrek
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Cadwalader
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634-664, last high king of Britain. King of Gwynedd. Probably killed by the great plague.
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Katie Shrek
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Brutus
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1115 BC, brought his people to Lloegr (approximately modern day England). Reigned for 23 years. Namesake of Britian.
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Katie Shrek
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Pytheas of Massalia
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Greek geographer and explorer, traveled to Britain and gave possible first report of stonehenge (325 BC)
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Katie Shrek
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Constantine the Great
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306-337 The First Roman Emperor to be a Christian. Crowned in York, look for his statue outside York Minster.
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Ailsa Lillywhite
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St George
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303 - A Roman officer pleads on behalf of the persecuted Christians and is executed. He is later named as the patron saint of England.
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Charles I
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Second of the Stewarts, son of James, his Catholic leaning and belief in the rights of kings drove the Parliamentarians to revolt. He was beheaded outside the banqueting hall in 1649.
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Robert Fitzhamonn
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1090 Norman Marcher Lord based from Monmouth Norman forces under Robert Fitzhamon, lord of Gloucester, conquer Gwent and Morgannwg and gain control of south-east Wales.
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Claudius
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In AD 43 the Roman Emperor Claudius sends four legions under General Aulius Plautius to conquer Britain. Claudius did this because people were looking down on him because he was not as crazy as his predecessor, so he decided to do something crazy.
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Geoffrey of Monmouth
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Circa 1136 Historia Regum Britanniae ("the History of the Kings of Britain"). Geoffrey constructed a largely fictional history for the Britons (ancestors of the Welsh, the Cornish and the Bretons),
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Gerald of Wales (c. 1146 – c. 1223),
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chronicler of his times. Born Manorbier Castle in Pembrokeshire, Wales, Wrote many books which describe the life and times of his day. Knew Henry II and John his son.
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Hengist and Horsa
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First Anglo Saxons to control parts of Britain. Traded Rowena for Kent.
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