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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
List the four types |
Cholinergic Neuron Blockers
Anti-muscarinic drugs Ganglionic blockers Neuromuscular Blockers |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
List two Cholinergic Neuron blockers. |
Hemicholinium
Botulinium toxin |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
What are the effects of Hemicholinium? |
Blocks transport of CHOLINE into neuron.
Thus, decrease in ACh release |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
What are the effects of botulinium toxin? (food poisoning) |
Blocks the nerve stimulated release of ACETYLCHOLINE
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Antimuscarinic drugs block muscarinic receptors how? with what kind of activities? |
COMPETITIVELY
with high affinity & NO intrinsic activity |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Antimuscarinic Drugs Which receptors of the body are affected? x2 |
Receptors innervated by
Post-ganglionic Parasympathetic fibers Receptors in sweat glands (Post-ganglionic Sympathetic) |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Ganglionic Blockers block which type of receptors? Where are these receptors in the body? |
Nicotinic receptors
of Autonomic Ganglia & Adrenal Medulla |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Neuromuscular blockers block which type of receptors? Where are these receptors in the body? |
Nicotinic receptors
Motor-end plate of Skeletal muscle |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Belladonna Alkaloids are a kind of what type of anticholinergic drug? |
Antimuscarinic drug
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Belladonna Alkaloids are effective through what mechanism of action? x2 |
COMPETITIVE Antagonist
of Acetylcholine & other muscarinic receptor agonists |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Belladonna Alkaloids effects on nicotinic receptors? |
Little or no effect
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Belladonna Alkaloids Discuss the quantitative effect on muscarinic receptors. |
Muscarinic receptors are NOT equally sensitive to the effect of Belladonna alkaloids.
(may be due to high and low affinity binding sites) |
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
The __________ are NOT equally sensitive to antimuscarinic agents. |
Parasympathetic neuro-effector junctions
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
Antimuscarinic Drugs Example of prototype drug |
Atropine
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Acetylcholine Blocking Agent
List the tissues affected by Antimuscarinic Drugs in order from most to least sensitive. x8 |
Salivary glands
Sweat glands Eyes (Cardiovascular) Heart (Cardiovascular) Circulation Respiratory Tract Gi Tract Urinary Tract |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Salivary Glands Why give a low dose? Low does causes what symptoms? x3 |
B/c highly sensitive
Dry mouth Difficulty swallowing Difficulty speaking |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Salivary Glands What does it do to the secretion rate? |
Completely abolish
PS - induced secretions |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Sweat Glands Effects of antimuscarinics @ low dose? What about at toxic doses? |
Skin becomes HOT and DRY
Temperature may rise |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Sweat Glands Clinical danger in infants? |
"Atropine" fever can be induced in infants
(termperature may reach 43 C) |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Sweat Glands Why is the cholinergic effect of antimuscarinics on sweat glands unique? |
Because the sweat glands are actually part of the sympathetics.
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Eyes Antimuscarinics block effects of ACh where? x2 |
Sphincter (iris)
Ciliary muscles |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Eyes What happens at the iris? Resulting symptoms. x2 |
Dilation of circular muscles.
Mydriasis Photophobia |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Eyes What happens at the ciliary muscles? This leads to what physiological symptoms? x2 |
Relaxation of ciliary muscle
Paralysis of accomodation (cycloplegia) Loss of pupillary response to light |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Eyes What is the effect of cycloplegia? |
Lens if fixed for far vision
Near objects are blurred |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Eyes Antimuscarinics have little or no effect on? Except in? Because? |
Intraocular pressure
Narrow angle glaucoma Increase in aqueous outflow resistance |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Heart Main effect is on? |
Heart RATE
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Heart @ low doses do what? Mechanism? Significant in? |
Decrease heart rate
Stimulation of vagal nerve Rarely a significant effect (decrease 4-8 beats/min) |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Heart @ high doses do what? Mechanism? Significant in? |
Increasing tachycardia
Blocks vagal effect on SA node pacemaker More apparent in young adults with increased vagal tone. (increase 35-40 beats/min at rest) |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Circulation Regular dosages do what? Why is this? |
little effect or none when given alone
b/c no cholinergic innervations in blood vessels |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Circulation At toxic doses, what happens? This symptom called? Mistaken for? |
Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels
Atropine flush Scarlet fever |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Circulation Useful for what action? |
To COUNTERACT the peripheral vasodilation and sharp fall in BP caused by choline esters.
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Respiratory Tract Antimuscarinic effects? x5 |
Mucus membrane dryness
Respiration stimulation Smooth muscle relaxation Bronchodilation Secretion inhibition |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for GI Tract Antimuscarinic effects? x2 What doses give these effects? |
Reduction of gastric secretions
Inhibition of gastric motility Only with high doses |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for Urinary Tract Antimuscarinic effect? x1 Due to what effect? x2 |
Urinary retention
Relaxation of ureter Relaxation of detrusor muscle |
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Pharmacological Effects
of Antimuscarinic Drugs on Parasympathetic Nervous System for CNS Antimuscarinic effects? x6 Which one only occurs at really high doses? |
Memory & Concentration decrease
Drowsiness & Sedation Ataxia Coma Hallucinations Excitation (only in really high doses) |
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Poisoning
due to Ingestion of Antimuscarinic Drugs Ingestion of what drugs (x2) are the major cause of poisoning? |
Belladonna alkaloids
Drugs with "atropine-like" properties |
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Poisoning
due to Ingestion of Antimuscarinic Drugs Most susceptible? Danger? |
infants and small children
can be fatal |
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Poisoning
due to Ingestion of Antimuscarinic Drugs Fatality caused by? x2 Fatal dose in children? |
respiratory arrest
circulatory arrest 10 mg or less in children |
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Poisoning
due to Ingestion of Antimuscarinic Drugs How do you diagnose poisoning? |
Administeration an AChE inhibitor
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Other drugs with antimuscarinic properties.
There are 4 |
Antiparkisonian agents (benztropine)
Antihistamines Antidepressants (tricyclics) Antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) |
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What is a synthetic substitute for belladonna alkaloids?
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Why good? Why bad? |
Does not cross BBB. (less side effects)
Poorly and unreliably absorbed PO |
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Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Greater potency for what receptor? in comparison to? |
Nicotinic receptors
tertiary amines |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses Name 10 |
Pre-anesthetic medicaiton
Ophthalmologic exam Respiratory tract infection Toxicity treatments Obstetrical sedation Motion sickness Parkinsonism-like symptoms Sleeping pills (OTC) Peptic ulcers Spasticity of GI tract |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses Why is antimuscarinics good for pre-anesthetic medication? x3 |
salivation/secretion inhibition
bronchodilation sedation (amnesia & tranquilization) |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses Benefits of using antimuscarinics in ophthalmological exams. x3 |
local administration
mydriasis cycloplegia |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses How does mydriasis caused by antimuscarinics help in eye exams? |
Dilation of pupil allows thorough exam of:
retina & optic disk |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses How does cycloplegia caused by antimuscarinics help in eye exams? |
Refractive index of eye
can be measured |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses What condition is contraindicated with antimuscarinics for use in eye exams? |
Narrow angle glaucoma
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses In treatment of peptic ulcers, what is the problem? |
Patient compliance
b/c of side effects (dry mouth, blurriness, etc) |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses In treatment of spasticity in the GI, the conditions are best if the cause of GI spasticity is? |
Excessive PS stimulation
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses Parkinsonism-like symptoms are sometimes induced by? |
Antipsychotic therapy (benztopine)
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses In treating respiratory tract infections, antimuscarinics work well in treating the symptomatic relief of? How does this affect the natural course of the condition? |
acute rhinitis
associated with hay fever Does NOT affect the natural course of the condition |
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Antimuscarinic Drugs
in Therapeutic Uses In the treatment of toxic effects, poisoning of what (x2) can be treated? Can be treated how? |
AChE inhibitor poisoning
Mushroom poisoning Administer LARGE doses of Atropine |