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162 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
1.
What three bacteria are most often associated with subgingival plaque in healthy individuals and people with periodontal disease?
2.
What are aerobes?
3.
Where do anaerobes grow best?
4.
What are facultative aerobes or facultative anaerobes?
5.
Where do microaerophiles grow best?
6.
Where is the best place to store a microaerophile for it to grow?
7.
What are aerotolerant organisms?
8.
Do obligate anaerobes undergo oxidative phosphorylation?
No, they do not undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
9.
What methods of metabolism do obligate anaerobes posses if they don’t undergo oxidative phosphorylation?
10.
Obligate anaerobe can be killed by what?
11.
What distinguishes obligate anaerobes from strict anaerobes?
12.
What are the three certain enzymes that obligate anaerobes are lacking?
13.
Why is oxygen directly toxic to obligate anaerobes?
14.
Why is oxygen indirectly toxic to obligate anaerobes?
15.
What do anaerobes require with respect to oxygen levels?
16.
Where do you find areas with low redox potentials suited for anaerobic growth?
17.
What is a redox potential (Eh)?
18.
What does a positive reduction potential mean?
19.
What does a negative reduction potential mean?
20.
In anaerobic conditions, how are electrons and protons transferred?
21.
Does oxygen have a high affinity for electrons or a low affinity for electrons?
22.
When you increase the oxygen concentration in a growth media how is the redox potential affected?
23.
What is the redox potential in normal healthy tissues?
24.
How do redox potentials vary with plaque development over 7 days?
25.
What are three conditions that may lead to low redox potentials?
26.
What conditions do anaerobic bacteria thrive in?
27.
Are anaerobic bacteria fastidious?
28.
How do anaerobic bacteria get their energy?
29.
What is characteristic of energy metabolism of anaerobic bacteria?
30.
How many organisms are found in the human GI tract? How many different species?
31.
What percentages of the cells in our body are non-human?
32.
What is the main type of bacteria living in the GI tract?
33.
Where are the majority of these anaerobic bacteria found in the GI tract?
34.
What is the importance of anaerobes living in the human ecosystem?
35.
What are the three virulence factors of non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria?
36.
Deficiencies in individual strains can be supplemented for by other bacteria. What mechanism will allow for this?
37.
What are the eight non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Negative Rods?
“Cap’n Fuso previously aggregated @ camp Porphyromonas to tan his bacter.”
- Capnocytophaga sp.
38.
What are the six non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Positive Rods?
39.
What is the one non-spore-forming anaerobic bacterium that is a Gram Negative Cocci?
40.
What are the two non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that are Gram Positive Cocci?
41.
What are the five non-spore-forming anaerobes other than periodontal pathogens?
42.
Are Bacteriodes fragilis and thetaiomicron Gram positive or Gram negative? Are they rods or cocci, anaerobic or aerobic?
43.
Where can you most frequently isolate these organisms? B. fragilis and thetaiomicron
44.
Where do these organisms normally colonize?
45.
What is an important characteristic of B. thetaiomicron?
46.
Where else can you find Bacteroides?
47.
What are the five virulence factors for Bacteroides fragilis?
48.
What is the most important strict anaerobic non-spore-forming bacterium causing clinical disease?
49.
Bacteroides fragilis is the major cause of infections where?
50.
What other infections does B. fragilis cause?
51.
How does Propionibacterium acnes Gram stain? What is its morphology?
52.
Where does P. acnes normally infect?
53.
Where else might you find P. acnes?
54.
What does Propionibacterium acnes is able to generate what?
55.
How does Mobiluncus Gram stain/morphology?
56.
Is Mobiluncus motile?
57.
What is Mobiluncus strongly associated with?
58.
Where is Bifidobacterium normal flora?
59.
Bifidobacterium has been linked with evidence to what?
60.
Bifidobacterium may constitute >90% of the total intestinal flora in who?
61.
Lactobacillus is what kind of organism?
62.
Where is Lactobacillus normal flora of?
63.
Give an example of the several vaginal species that produce hydrogen peroxide.
64.
What are the four plaque-induced gingival diseases?
65.
What are the seven non-plaque induced gingival lesions?
66.
What are the seven different types of periodontitis?
67.
Of the above types of periodontitis which is the most common?
68.
Is chronic periodontitis localized, generalized or both?
69.
Is aggressive periodontitis localized, generalized or both?
70.
Is periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease genetic?
71.
Necrotizing periodontal diseases are associated with what other diseases?
72.
Pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
73.
What are the periodontal disease risk factors?
74.
Where is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
75.
Where is Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
76.
Where is Tannerella forsythia isolated from? Gingivitis? Periodontitis? Endodontic infections?
77.
What are the three bacteria that are strongly associated with periodontal disease?
78.
What bacteria are moderately associated with periodontal disease?
79.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans what is the gram stain and shape?
80.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans grows best in what conditions?
81.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans genetically related to what genus
82.
What factors are required for Haemophilus?
83.
Are these required for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
84.
What are the 5 virulence factors for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
85.
What is Leukotoxin do?
86.
What does Immunosuppresive factor do?
87.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of few bacteria capable of colonizing in what two places?
88.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans growth inhibited in the presence of what two bacteria?
89.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is strongly implicated in what disease?
90.
Particularly where?
91.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the blood stream may result in what?
92.
DOC?
93.
What is a strange way of getting infected by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans?
94.
Porphyromonas is what gram stain and shape?
95.
Porphyromonas grows best under what conditions?
96.
Porphyromonas is sensitive to what?
97.
How does Porphyromonas look on agar?
98.
Porphyromonas uses accumulated hemin for what?
99.
All specie of Porphyromonas are found where
100.
What are the two species of Porphyromonas?
101.
Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors
102.
Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly associated with what disease?
103.
What is the previous name for Tannerella Forysthia?
104.
Tannerella Forysthia gram stain and shape?
105.
Tannerella Forysthia grows best under what conditions?
106.
Is Tannerella Forysthia pigmented?
107.
Tannerella Forysthia strongly associated with what diease?
108.
Tannerella Forysthia virulence factors
109.
Tannerella Forysthia synergizes with what bacteria?
110.
What does BspA protein do?
111.
Which of the bacteria have endotoxin as a virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
112.
Which of bacteria use LPS – induced bone resorption for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
113.
Which of the bacteria use butyric, propionic acids for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
114.
Which of the bacteria use ammonia for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
115.
Which of the following bacteria use collagenase as virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
116.
Which of the bacteria use protease, sialidase for virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
117.
Which of the following bacteria use leukotoxin as virulence factor? (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and Aggregatibacter antinomycetemcomitans (A. a.))
118.
Fusobacterium is gram what?
119.
Fusobacterium is what shape?
120.
Fusobacterium is also part of what group of organisms? (others also are streptococci and spirochetes)
121.
Fusobacterium virulence factor?
122.
Fusobacterium has a capsule?
123.
Provetalla intermedia gram stain and shape?
124.
Provetella intermedia grows best how?
125.
Is it sensitive to bile?
126.
Pigmented or nonpigmented ?
127.
Uses what virulence factor?
128.
Provetella melaninogencia produces what pigment?
129.
Provetella melaninogencia is isolated in large numbers from where?
130.
Associated with infections above or below the diaphragm
131.
Often seen after what?
132.
Which is seen where?
133.
This converts what to what?
134.
Associated with what?
135.
Common player in what type of infection?
136.
Which these infections cause?
137.
Campylobacter rectus gram stain and shape?
138.
Campylobacter rectus grows best in what conditions?
139.
Campylobacter rectus virulence factor
140.
Organisms found in large numbers in subgingival dental plawue of what type of patients?
141.
Where on the tooth is this bacterium also found?
142.
Capnocytophaga sp. Describe the bacteria and gram stain and shape?
143.
Capnocytophaga sp. Grows in what conditions?
144.
Capnocytophaga sp. Can colonize where?
145.
Capnocytophaga sp. Associated with?
146.
Capnocytophaga sp. Responds to what drugs?
147.
Eubacterium gram stain and shape?
148.
Eubacterium normally found?
149.
Eubacterium implicated in what diseases?
150.
Eubacterium comprises over 50% of anaerobes where in the oral cavity?
151.
E. Yurii is involved in what ?
152.
Actinomyces are what gram stain and shape?
153.
Actinomyces grows best under what conditions
154.
What are the three species of Actinomyces?
A.
Odontolyticus
A.
Israelii
155.
A. naeslundii is implicated where?
156.
A. odontolyticus causes what?
157.
A. israelii are what type of pathogen?
158.
A. israelli causes what?