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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The ________ pituitary has its own blood supply.
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Anterior
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The _________ pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus.
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Posterior—neurohypophysis
(Made of neurons from supraoptic/paraventricular nuclei) |
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Describe the sequence of transcriptional activation in the development of the pituitary.
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Stem Cells: HesX-1 →Early-diff’d cells: Prop-1 ; → Increase ACTH
Prop-1 INHIBITS HesX-1 (CRH→Increase ACTH) Prop-1→Cells: PIT-1 (expressed for life)→FSH/LH, TSH, GROWTH HORMONE**, everything else |
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What are the 5 anterior pituitary cell types and what hormones do they produce?
Which cell type is most abundant? Least abundant? |
Somatotrophs: MOST ABUNDANT (~50%): GH
Lactorophs: PL Thyrotrophs: TSH (Least Abundant) Corticotrophs: ACTH Gonadotrophs: LH, FSH |
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Where is GH’s site of action? Effect?
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GHRH→Liver: IGF-1
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These hormones are single chain polypeptides with an internal disulfide bond.
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GH, PL
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These hormones are glycoproteins.
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TH, LH, FSH
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POMC is hydrolyzed to _______
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ACTH, beta-endorphins
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Describe the regulatory feedback of IGF-1.
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Hthal: GHRH→Pit: GH→Liver: IGF-1
Hthal: Somatostatin INHIBITS Pit: GH Pit: GH INHIBITS Pit: GH, Hthal Liver: IGF-1 INHIBITS Pit:GH, Hthal |
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Most bone growth is due to this hormone.
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IGF-1
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GH’s effect on growth is direct/indirect because _______________.
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Indirect because does work through IGF-1
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This hormone directly induces lipolysis in adipose tissue.
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GH
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This hormone directly induces protein synthesis in muscle.
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GH
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Effects of ghrelin.
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Secreted by empty stomach
Ghrelin→Hthal: GHRH→Pit: GH |
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What is the effect of hypoglycemia, starvation, exercise, stress and sleep on GH?
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Increase GH
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When do GH levels peak?
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At night
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What is the amount of GHBP dependent on?
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Level of GH
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How is IGF-1 transported in serum?
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IGFBP (goes to bone, cartilage)
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What hormone would you measure when suspecting a GH disorder?
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IGF-1
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When are prolactin levels elevated?
How is prolactin regulated? |
PL increases during pregnancy, with estrogen, breast feeding
Hthal, Post Pit: DA INHIBITS PL |
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What are the physiologic effects of prolactin?
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Proliferation, growth of mammary ducts at puberty
Development of mammary alveoli (pregnancy) Milk production (suckling) |
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What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
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Vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin |
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Vasopressin:
Class of hormone Receptors and Effects |
Vasopressin (ADH): aa peptide
Controlled by osmolality (receptors in hthal) and vascular volume/pressure (baroreceptors in heart) V1 receptor: arteries, veins (vasoconstriction) V2: renal tubule (H2O reabsorption, factor VIII: clotting) V3: Corticotrophs, increase ACTH secretion |
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A small increase in osmolality results in a _________________ in plasma ADH.
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HUGE increase in plasma ADH
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A ________ decrease in arterial pressure results in an increase in plasma ADH.
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HUGE decrease in arterial (or venous) pressure is req’d for an increase in plasma ADH.
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This hormone binds to a G-protein coupled receptor and opens aquaporins.
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Vasopressin (aquaporins allow water into cells, so body retains water)
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