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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the epithelium of the thyroid?
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Cuboidal
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What is the epithelium of thyroglossal cysts?
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Squamous or resp epithelial-lined (ciliated pseudocolumnar)
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What is Cretinism?
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Congenital hypothyroidism
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HLA-DR5/3 mutations are associated with ___________.
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Hashimoto's Dz
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Hurthle Cells are _________ cells found in ______________.
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Hurthle are metaplastic cells found in Hashimoto's (very eosinophilic; lots of mitochondria)
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Graves' Triad
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Orbitopathy
Hyperthyroidism Pretibial Myxedema (female predominance) |
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Histologic changes of Graves Disease
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Follic cells tall and crowded
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Graves vs Hashimoto's:
Cell Changes (atrophy, hyperplasia) Characteristic finding Degree of lymphocytic infiltration |
Graves:
Diffuse hyperplasia in Graves (increase in height of cells to form tall columnar cells, pseudopapillary buds) Irregular follicles w/scalloped appearance Lymphocytic infiltration less than Hashimoto's Hashimoto's: Atrophy of follicular cells Hurthle Cells Fibrosis Marked Lymphocytic infiltration |
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Follicular adenomas are most likely to be _______ adenomas.
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COLD
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Adenomatous Nodule vs Adenoma
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Adenomatous Nodule: multinodular, irregular capsule, no compression of adj thyroid
Adenoma: solitary nodule, complete encapsulation, compress adjacent thyroid |
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What is the most common thyroid carcinoma?
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Papillary (80%)
Follicular (10-20%) |
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Genetic mutations leading to Papillary Thyroid Cancer.
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RET, BRAF
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Genetic mutations leading to follicular thyroid carcinoma.
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Ras, PPARG
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Genetic mutations leading to undifferentiated carcinomas.
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TP53
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_________carcinomas without __________ have an excellent prognosis even when LN metastases are present.
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Papillary carcinomas without extension beyond thyroid
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Which thyroid cancer spreads via the vascular system?
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venous spread-->Follicular carcinoma
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Which thyroid cancer is known to metastasize to bone?
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Follicular Carcinoma
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Which thyroid cancer spreads via lymphatics?
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Papillary Cancer
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Which thyroid cancer features an abundance of mitoses?
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Anaplastic (Undifferentiated)
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What gene mutation is associated with anaplastic carcinoma?
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p53
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What type of thyroid cancer accounts for most mortality due to thyroid cancer?
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Papillary (because it's the most common one)
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