2-18 Hunger

Front 1

Objective

Describe at least three factors that influence food selection.

Back 1

1. Types of Enzymes in Digestive System
2. Imitation
3. Taste
4. Learning from Consequences of Eating

See study guide.

Front 2

Objective

Explain how each of the following affects hunger: oral factors, the stomach and intestines, and blood glucose.

Back 2

See study guide.

Front 3

Objective

Describe the effects of lesions in the lateral hypothalamus, VMH, and PVN.

Back 3

See study guide.

Front 4

Objective

Discuss the role of leptin in regulating eating behavior.

Back 4

See study guide.

Front 5

Objective

Identify the different structures of the hypothalamus that are involved in regulating appetite and describe the specific role of each one.

Back 5

See study guide.

Front 6

Objective

Give evidence to support the idea that genetics plays a role in body weight.

Back 6

See study guide.

Front 7

Objective

Explain how bulimia nervosa resembles drug addiction.

Back 7

Food deprivation followed by overeating stimulates the brain’s reinforcement areas in much the same as addictive drugs. Eating certain kinds of foods—especially sugary ones—can cause dopamine and opiatelike compounds to be released in the brain. Also, it can cause an increase in the number of dopamine receptors.

Front 8

lactose

Back 8

Sugar in milk

Front 9

lactase

Back 9

Enzyme that breaks down milk sugar (lactose)

Front 10

carnivore

Back 10

Meat eater

Front 11

herbivore

Back 11

Plant eater

Front 12

omnivore

Back 12

Those that eat both meat and pants

Front 13

conditioned taste aversion

Back 13

Classical conditioning that occurs when an individual ingests a particular food that causes negative symptoms (nausea, sickness); the individual learns to associate the food with the particular negative symptoms, and thus avoids the ingestion of the food

Front 14

sham feeding

Back 14

“Tasting without ingesting”; an animal swallows food, but everything leaks out of a tube connected to the esophagus or stomach

Front 15

vagus nerve

Back 15

Cranial nerve X; conveys information about the stretching of the stomach walls

Front 16

splanchnic nerve

Back 16

Conveys information about the nutrient contents of the stomach

Front 17

duodenum

Back 17

Part of the small intestine adjoining the stomach; it is the first digestive site that absorbs a significant amount of nutrients

Front 18

cholecystokinin (CKK)

Back 18

Hormone secreted by the small intestine that limits meal size

Front 19

insulin

Back 19

Pancreatic hormone that regulates the flow of glucose; converts glucose into glycogen and thus decreases blood glucose level; enables glucose to enter the cells (with the exception of the brain cells)

Front 20

glucagon

Back 20

Pancreatic hormone that stimulates the liver to convert some of its stored glycogen to glucose to replenish low supplies in the blood; increases blood glucose level

Front 21

leptin

Back 21

Peptide that plays an essential role in fat metabolism and body weight regulation; decreases food intake and increases metabolism rate

Front 22

arcuate nucleus

Back 22

Structure within the hypothalamus that has sets of neurons sensitive to hunger and satiety signals

Front 23

paraventricular nucleus (PVN)

Back 23

Structure that inhibits the lateral hypothalamus, an area important for eating; important for satiety

Front 24

lateral hypothalamus

Back 24

Area that has an essential role in eating; controls insulin secretion, alters taste responsiveness, and facilitates feeding in others ways

Front 25

ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

Back 25

Area essential for eating; a lesion to this area leads to overeating and weight gain

Front 26

anorexia nervosa

Back 26

Eating disorder characterized by low body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight

Front 27

bulimia nervosa

Back 27

Eating disorder in which the individual engages in binge eating and purging (vomiting)